Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• high solubility [53]. This phenomenon makes it difficult to electrospin chitosan because of its high viscosity [54]. Moreover, the formation of strong hydrogen bonds in a 3D network contributes to difficulties in the mobility of polymeric chains when an electric field is applied [55]. Because of these

• chitosan dissolved in acetic acid in a 1:4 ratio. The solution was electrospun into nanofibers, and plasma treatment was carried out using DBD plasma with O2 gas. The treated electrospun nanofiber exhibited a 15.6% increase in tensile strength and a 37.3% increase in modulus. This phenomenon can be

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• to the nHA carrier material is not fully understood. However, the structure of nHA, characterized by its voids and crevices, provides an environment conducive to the growth and survival of rhizobacteria, a phenomenon known as biological fixation [33]. Figure 6, along with Table 3 and Table 4, shows

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• the full spectrum [40]. This phenomenon occurs as the electromagnetic field of incident light induces forced oscillations in the free electrons on the metal surface [41][42]. When the frequency of the incident light aligns with the intrinsic oscillation frequency of these surface electrons [43], it

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• , leading to mineralization into CO2 and H2O [8]. According to the observed results, the BEOx and BEPh samples notably exhibited higher efficiency in the adsorption process (99.01% and 99.99%, respectively) than in photocatalysis. This phenomenon can be attributed to the negative surface charge of the

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• phenomenon, known as the Cassie state, results in the liquid being more in contact with air than with the solid surface, leading to high apparent contact angles [22]. The high contact angles also become apparent in Figure 1B, where a water droplet is resting on the Collembola surface. Here, we explore the

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• Information File 1, Figure S2). This phenomenon is similar to what has been previously observed in other weevils that possess diamond-type photonic crystals [14][15][30] with similar chitin filling fractions [31][32] and unit cell dimensions [15]. The elytral scales are not uniform, as they can contain single

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• undoubtedly be useful to identify the mechanisms of this phenomenon. It was impossible to assess the proportion of EVs or different LPs carrying a protein corona in samples obtained by UC because of the presence of serum contaminants that can mask bio-NPs. Isolation of bio-NPs from sera by UC did not result

• dust-like substance (Figure 6l) were associated. Chylomicrons were observed after all four repetitions of the isolation of bio-NPs on a sucrose gradient from NBS, and the phenomenon of their separation from the surrounding contaminations is unclear. The chylomicrons were identified based on published

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• hispanica after rehydration fully preserved its adhesive potential and macroscopic structure. This property makes chia mucilage a possible additive ingredient in food production [136]. Adhesion of the hydrated mucilage dried in contact Strong permanent adhesion of some plant parts is a well-known phenomenon

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• (Figure 2a). All other samples displayed two absorption peaks, that is, the first near 400 nm and the second at 500 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP2), 530 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP3), 590 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP4), and 650 nm (ʟ-car-AgNP5) (Figure 2b). The observed absorption bands are attributed to LSPR. This phenomenon is an intrinsic

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• contributes to a deeper understanding of ultrablack biological materials and their potential applications in biomimetics. Keywords: animal coloration; biophotonics; Hymenoptera; insects; Mutillidae; superblack; surface; Introduction The phenomenon of highly absorptive colors, also known as ultrablack, has

• intensify white coloration; however, when the underlying material is black, as in T. bifurca, these structures can contribute to the enhancement of ultrablack coloration by amplifying light absorption. Future studies should investigate this phenomenon in greater detail, exploring how variations in the

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• , thus, to approach the problem from different perspectives. Furthermore, by combining different models, it is possible to address the limitations of each model and to achieve more precise predictions (e.g., by avoiding the overfitting phenomenon when small training datasets are involved) [15][16

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• peak position shifted to more negative values compared to the CPE. This phenomenon highlights the significantly enhanced catalytic activity of the modified electrode. Additionally, the (Cu)(Fe)BTC@CPE electrode exhibited a significantly sharper, more symmetric, and higher peak than both the CuBTC@CPE

• response decreased dramatically by over 50%. In the seventh and eighth measurements, the peak current of ENR remained at only about 15%. This phenomenon arises from the reaction product covering the active working area of the electrode, resulting in the low peak current observed in these measurements. The

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• "super-emission" scales with the system size, meaning larger systems shine brighter. The reverse phenomenon (i.e., superabsorption [35][36]) enhances light absorption for larger systems and holds promise for creating high-performance quantum batteries. However, directly observing superabsorption is

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• pheomelanin) [21][22][23] (but see [24][25] for other pigments). Especially structural coloration provides a wealth of inspiration for creating vivid, durable colors without the use of dyes. This natural phenomenon involves the manipulation of light by micro- and nanostructures on the cuticle (e.g

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• change in surface plasmon resonance of the metal nanostructures. A single absorbance peak correlates to the symmetrical shape and collective oscillation of free electrons on the nanoparticle surface. This phenomenon is known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), a characteristic feature of

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• directly affects delivered dose, internalization, and biodistribution in organisms. In the EPA medium, GO exhibited aggregation and precipitation at concentrations of 5.0 and 10 mg·L−1, respectively, a phenomenon attributable to the screening effect of salt ions diminishing the repulsive forces between GO

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• /nm2 (Figure 6). These two steps were repeated alternately until the spacing in the RoI was reduced to less than 100 nm, as confirmed by SEM imaging (Figure 6). Understanding FIB-induced strain as a physical phenomenon would require a repeatable experimental setup to collect data on the influence of

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• were 8–10 nm in size and exhibited efficient renal clearance, with over 90% ID found in the urine at 72 h p.i. Such a high clearance rate was unexpected considering the larger size of the construct compared to the kidney filtration barrier, and the underlying mechanism for this phenomenon requires

Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers

• Ömür Acet,
• Pavel Kirsanov,
• Burcu Önal Acet,
• Inessa Halets-Bui,
• Dzmitry Shcharbin,
• Şeyda Ceylan Cömert and
• Mehmet Odabaşı

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96

• tumors [35][36] and retained longer than negatively charged and/or neutral structures [36]. This phenomenon demonstrates the potential of utilizing these SNPs in biomedicine. DOX loading to SNPs One of the most important points when designing a DD material is its drug-carrying capacity because a

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• ablation. This phenomenon led to lower NP production at 355 nm compared to that at 532 and 1064 nm laser wavelengths, this was also reflected in the absorption spectra. Consequently, there is a tendency for NP agglomeration and chain formation, which is evident from the TEM pictures depicted in Figure 3

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• rings, which prevents planar deformations [33]. The same phenomenon explains the high thermal conductivity of up to 3000 W·m−1·K−1 [34][35] and the outstanding electrical properties [36][37][38]. Compared to conventional 3D materials, the understanding of electronic transport and carrier dynamics in

• accumulation of collagen leading to the foreign-body reaction. This phenomenon involves the formation of a fibrous capsule around the implant, which compromises its functionality (such as the flexibility of cardiovascular stents) and, thus, limits the integration of soft tissue implants. The effect of

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• may respond by increasing others [13]. Importantly, knockdown of caveolin may lead to increased uptake via the CLIC/GEEC pathway [14], and a similar phenomenon is seen after knockdown of cavin [15]. To which extent the CLIC/GEEC pathway is important for endocytosis of NPs has not been explored in

• stimulation of protein kinase A [7]. To which extent this is a general phenomenon is still unknown. In contrast, in endothelial cells caveolae can be seen on both sides of the endothelial cell layer, and caveolae have been reported to be involved in transcytosis across the cell layer [23]. It should, however

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• moving animals, such as the “denticles” found on the surface of shark skin, which enable high-speed swimming [2], as well as the texture of bird feathers [3]. The phenomenon of drag reduction can also be observed on the surface of plants. For example, there is a superhydrophobic structure on the surface

• reasons: (1) There is a lack of analysis on the flow field over smooth blades. The phenomenon of flow separation on blades occurs because of the complex curved surface in the air flow. The placement position of microstructures needs to be determined based on the locations of flow separation on blade

• Table 12. The results in Table 11 indicate that ξ0 rises with increasing angle of attack. The simulation reveals distinct phenomena occurring at three angles of attack; the separation phenomenon and vortex at the back section of the blade become more apparent and intense with the increase of the angle