Experimental techniques for the characterization of carbon nanoparticles – a brief overview

• Wojciech Kempiński,
• Szymon Łoś,
• Mateusz Kempiński and
• Damian Markowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1760–1766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.186

• signal of ACFs is the adsorption of molecules at the surface of CNs which comprise the pore walls. The adsorption in ACF pores is of a physical nature (van der Waals forces), without any covalent bond formation. Fully reversible physisorption has been observed with EPR (see Figure 5). The EPR spectrum of

Growth and characterization of CNT–TiO₂ heterostructures

• Yucheng Zhang,
• Ivo Utke,
• Johann Michler,
• Gabriele Ilari,
• Marta D. Rossell and
• Rolf Erni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 946–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.108

• deposition [32]. Non-covalent surface functionalization leaves the pristine CNTs sp2 structure and carbon atom conjugation intact. Examples include in-situ NO2 physisorption which permitted the uniform growth of Al2O3 on SW-CNT [33], MW-CNT [34] and graphene [35], as well as the physisorption of ethanol and

Injection of ligand-free gold and silver nanoparticles into murine embryos does not impact pre-implantation development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wiebke Garrels,
• Annette Barchanski,
• Svea Peterson,
• Laszlo Sajti,
• Andrea Lucas-Hahn,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Ulrich Baulain,
• Sabine Klein,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 677–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.80

• (physisorption or chemisorption) strongly affects the toxicity of AuNP on human embryonic kidney cells [39]. Another factor which has been shown to influence embryotoxicity is the size of the nanoparticles. For both AuNP and AgNP an increase in toxicity has been shown in conjuction with a decrease in size [13

Chemi- vs physisorption in the radical functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes under microwaves

• Victor Mamane,
• Guillaume Mercier,
• Junidah Abdul Shukor,
• Jérôme Gleize,
• Aziz Azizan,
• Yves Fort and
• Brigitte Vigolo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 537–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.63

• as defunctionalization, solvent addition and polymerization of the grafted functions. The strength (chemi- vs physisorption) of the bonds between the grafted functional groups and the SWNTs is discussed showing the occurrence of physical adsorption as a consequence of defunctionalization after 15 min

• of reaction under microwaves. Several chemical mechanisms of grafting could be identified, and it was possible to distinguish conditions leading to the desired chemical grafting from those leading to undesired reactions such as physisorption and polymerization. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; covalent

• functionalization; grafting; microwaves; physisorption; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are recognized to have a huge potential in a variety of applications such as electronics, composite materials, energy storage and medicine [1][2][3][4]. From bulk synthesis method, CNTs are often entangled contingent upon

DNA origami deposition on native and passivated molybdenum disulfide substrates

• Xiaoning Zhang,
• Masudur Rahman,
• David Neff and
• Michael L. Norton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 501–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.58

• of studies, pyrene and 1-pyrenemethylamine, were evaluated as surface modifications which might mitigate this effect. While both species were found to form adsorption layers on MoS2 via physisorption, 1-pyrenemethylamine serves as a better protective agent and preserves the structures for

Neutral and charged boron-doped fullerenes for CO₂ adsorption

• Suchitra W. de Silva,
• Aijun Du,
• Wijitha Senadeera and
• Yuantong Gu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 413–418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.49

• site). Adsorption of CO2 on uncharged BC59 fullerenes According to our simulation results, the CO2 molecules can only form weak interactions with BC59 cage in its neutral state. The physisorption energy is a weak −2.04 kcal/mol (−4.1 kcal/mol for B97D/6-31G(d) calculations) and the weak interactions

• molecule undergoes very slight structural changes upon physisorption on the uncharged BC59 fullerene cage. The O–C–O angle is slightly bent to 179.7° and the changes to the C=O bond lengths are negligibly small. The doped fullerene cage hardly undergoes any structural change. The charge transfer between

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• that the N719 is chemisorbed either through two or three carboxylic acid groups. Results by Lee et al. support that an additional hydrogen bonding (physisorption) is present [60]. Molecular dynamics simulations by DeAngelis et al. show that the binding occurs through three carboxylic acid groups and

Nanostructure-directed chemical sensing: The IHSAB principle and the dynamics of acid/base-interface interaction

• James L. Gole and
• William Laminack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 20–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.3

• transformation from acidic to basic sites. These studies also define a broadened interaction matrix as it extends from physisorption (sensing) applications to chemisorption and microreactor design. Recently, we have produced visible-light-absorbing TiO2−xNx photocatalyst nanoparticles in seconds at room

• types of interactions dominate the analyte–interface bonding in, for example, the competition between physisorption (electron transduction) and chemisorption? The IHSAB concept appears to map a general approach to the development of sensor systems; however, it remains to obtain a more quantitative

• be dominated by physisorption but which also displays weak chemisorption. Purging the sensor surface with UHP N2 for longer durations improves the gradual shift to the initial base line. The return to baseline can also be further improved by more tightly constraining the gas flow path to the sensor

Pure hydrogen low-temperature plasma exposure of HOPG and graphene: Graphane formation?

• Baran Eren,
• Dorothée Hug,
• Laurent Marot,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Roland Steiner,
• Dominik M. Zumbühl and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 852–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.96

• of this article referring to a graphane-like structure. The interaction of hydrogen with graphitic surfaces had been investigated a number of times in the past few decades. The earlier research concentrated on the physisorption of hydrogen molecules on such surfaces [12][13][14]. This was followed by

Current–voltage characteristics of single-molecule diarylethene junctions measured with adjustable gold electrodes in solution

• Bernd M. Briechle,
• Youngsang Kim,
• Philipp Ehrenreich,
• Artur Erbe,
• Dmytro Sysoiev,
• Thomas Huhn,
• Ulrich Groth and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 798–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.89

• assumption that the current is carried by a single dominating molecular orbital, reveals distinct differences between both states. We discuss the appearance of diode-like behavior for the particular species 4Py that features end-groups, which preferentially couple to the metal electrode by physisorption. We

• curves is that the molecule is chemisorbed to one electrode only and physisorbed to the other one. While there is no strict distinction between physisorption and chemisorption, we use these terms for describing strong coupling including a bond formation (chemisorption), and van der Waals like coupling

• (physisorption). In the case of physisorption, one can expect that the current is mediated by tunneling. For thiol end-groups on gold, it has been shown that both chemisorption and physisorption is possible [42][43][44] depending on the surface morphology and the deposition method. For the amine end-group the

Spontaneous dissociation of Co₂(CO)₈ and autocatalytic growth of Co on SiO₂: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation

• Kaliappan Muthukumar,
• Harald O. Jeschke,
• Roser Valentí,
• Evgeniya Begun,
• Johannes Schwenk,
• Fabrizio Porrati and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 546–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.63

• settings, using dispersion-corrected density functional theory, support this assumption. We observe physisorption of the precursor molecule on a fully hydroxylated SiO2 surface (untreated surface) and chemisorption on a partially hydroxylated SiO2 surface (pretreated surface) with a spontaneous

Mapping mechanical properties of organic thin films by force-modulation microscopy in aqueous media

• Jianming Zhang,
• Zehra Parlak,
• Carleen M. Bowers,
• Terrence Oas and
• Stefan Zauscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 464–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.53

• gold surfaces have been the subject of interface science research for many years. The self-assembly of alkane thiol molecules on gold surfaces is a two-step process. The initial physisorption step on gold substrates is typically slow and concentration-dependent [55]. Once in contact, the molecules

Mesoporous MgTa₂O₆ thin films with enhanced photocatalytic activity: On the interplay between crystallinity and mesostructure

• Jin-Ming Wu,
• Igor Djerdj,
• Till von Graberg and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.13

• evaporation speed of the solvent. The rapid evaporation produced randomly distributed bubbles, and when these collapsed they left randomly distributed, open, round concaves. The mesoporosity was additionally investigated by nitrogen physisorption at 77 K (see Supporting Information File 1). Since the amount

• deposition did not disturb the mesostructure. For comparison, multilayers of nontemplated films were studied by nitrogen physisorption. For such a PIB6000-templated mesoporous multilayer MgTa2O6 film with four single layers a BET surface area of ca. 260 m2 cm−3 was observed (after heat treatment at 790 °C

• care, but nevertheless is consistent with the suggestion of the spherical mesopores being substantially contracted perpendicular to the surface. Thus, nitrogen physisorption provides a well-defined accessible mesopore structure up to high temperatures. A nontemplated film did not exhibit substantial

STM visualisation of counterions and the effect of charges on self-assembled monolayers of macrocycles

• Tibor Kudernac,
• Natalia Shabelina,
• Wael Mamdouh,
• Sigurd Höger and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 674–680, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.72

• principle, an additional functionality can be introduced in physisorbed molecular monolayers by co-adsorption of, for instance, thiols [8], combining physisorption and chemisorption. It can be envisioned that counterions of charged molecules that are adsorbed at the surface could be used not only to control

Synthesis of LiNbO₃ nanoparticles in a mesoporous matrix

• Anett Grigas and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 28–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.3

• advantage of applying an IR furnace compared to conventional heating is the extremely high heating rate (up to 10 °C/s) and corresponding time saving. The resulting samples were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM

• . Elemental analyses of these materials showed that there was no silica residue after the treatment. Figure 2 shows the nitrogen physisorption isotherms of the SBA-15 and LiNbO3/SBA-15 composite (LN), and the corresponding pore size distributions of the samples. The measurements were recorded to investigate

• taken into account based on LaB6 reference measurements. Small-angle X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a Bruker AXS Nanostar. The nitrogen physisorption isotherms at 77 K were measured using a Quantachrome Autosorb 1C. The samples were pre-treated at 150 °C for 3 h in vacuum (10−6 bar). The