Orthogonal chemical functionalization of patterned gold on silica surfaces

• Francisco Palazon,
• Didier Léonard,
• Thierry Le Mogne,
• Francesca Zuttion,
• Céline Chevalier,
• Magali Phaner-Goutorbe,
• Éliane Souteyrand,
• Yann Chevolot and
• Jean-Pierre Cloarec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2272–2277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.233

• to 100 µm. Electron beam lithography was used to develop the gold nanostructures (typical dimensions of 100 nm). Titanium (8 nm) and gold (30 nm) were deposited by electron beam evaporation. After lift-off, the samples were cleaned by oxygen plasma treatment (Anatech) at 400 sccm of oxygen, 350 W of

Plasma fluorination of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes: functionalization and thermal stability

• Claudia Struzzi,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Axel Hemberg,
• Luca Petaccia,
• Jean-François Colomer,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2263–2271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.232

• performed using plasma treatment in a magnetron sputtering chamber with fluorine diluted in an argon atmosphere with an Ar/F2 ratio of 95:5. The effect of heavily diluted fluorine in the precursor gas mixture is investigated by evaluating the modifications in the nanotube structure and the electronic

• properties upon plasma treatment. The existence of oxygen-based grafted species is associated with background oxygen species present in the plasma chamber in addition to fluorine. The thermal stability and desorption process of the fluorine species grafted on the carbon nanotubes during the fluorine plasma

• of fluorine and noble gases mixtures, an important role for achieving optimal fluorination is played by the relative concentration of fluorine in the mixture during the plasma activation. The previous studies on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (vCNTs) fluorinated by Ar/F2 plasma treatment allowed

Thermal energy storage – overview and specific insight into nitrate salts for sensible and latent heat storage

• Nicole Pfleger,
• Thomas Bauer,
• Claudia Martin,
• Markus Eck and
• Antje Wörner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1487–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.154

• ®. Cofalit® is manufactured by the INERTAM Company in France and is produced by high-temperature plasma treatment (1500 °C) of asbestos-containing waste called ACW. Cofalit® is a calcium magnesium iron alumina-silicate [26]. The thermophysical properties meet the required criteria of potential filler

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• supercritical carbon dioxide [23][24], ultrasonic treatment [25][26] or H2 plasma treatment [27], for instance. Glucose sensors based on PtRu/MWNT have been elaborated as well [28]. These studies on Ru–Pt/MWNT materials give at best global EDX analyses [10][11][17] and XPS results [15]. However, these are both

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• Pd nanoparticles. Sputtering allows for an oxygen plasma treatment that removes amorphous carbon from the surface of the carbon nanotubes and creates oxygenated surface defects in which metal nanoparticles nucleate within a few minutes. The decoration with the 2 nm Pt or the 3 nm Pd nanoparticles is

• ; mutiwalled carbon nanotubes; plasma treatment; sputtering; Introduction Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrogen sulphide are among the most dangerous pollutants released each year by industry into the environment [1][2][3]. Some VOCs have very harmful effects on human and

• -workers reported the use of an organometallic precursor together with a plasma treatment in order to obtain FeO-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes for the room-temperature detection of aromatic and non-aromatic VOCs [38]. In spite of the fact that metal decoration effectively helps in tuning the gas

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• hydrochloric acid solution, as nitric acid was found to be too harsh for SWCNTs. Similar to the MWCNTs, the SWCNTs were then easily filled directly after opening [54]. This was followed by more sophisticated methods such as oxygen plasma treatment [55], electrochemical treatment (which was able to remove the

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• complications of thrombosis and implant failure. Thus, we herein fabricated poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds, to serve as coatings for cardiovascular implants and guide tissue regeneration. Oxygen plasma treatment was applied in order to modify the surface chemistry of the scaffold

• . Goniometry (contact angle measurements), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were used to evaluate the morphological and chemical changes induced by the plasma treatment. Moreover, depth-sensing nanoindentation was

• of these biomimetic tissue-engineering constructs as efficient coatings for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants. Keywords: cardiovascular implants; electrospun nanofibers; plasma treatment; scaffold; tissue engineering; Introduction Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the major

Increasing throughput of AFM-based single cell adhesion measurements through multisubstrate surfaces

• Miao Yu,
• Nico Strohmeyer,
• Jinghe Wang,
• Daniel J. Müller and
• Jonne Helenius

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 157–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.15

• hydrophilic during plasma treatment, and thus, liquid coating drops spread over the masks. Storing the PDMS in air will restore the hydrophobicity of the surface. Cell culture PC3 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640-supplemented (Gibco-Life technologies) 1 mM sodium pyruvate; HeLa cells (Kyoto) and mouse

Near-field photochemical and radiation-induced chemical fabrication of nanopatterns of a self-assembled silane monolayer

• Ulrich C. Fischer,
• Carsten Hentschel,
• Florian Fontein,
• Linda Stegemann,
• Christiane Hoeppener,
• Harald Fuchs and
• Stefanie Hoeppener

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1441–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.156

• processes are more suitable to generate chemical nanostructures with selective binding properties. Utilizing oxygen-plasma treatment as a chemical process preferentially results in the destruction of the unprotected surface areas but the protective properties of the mask were not sufficient to obtain well

• -defined chemically functional nanostructured SAMs at a resolution below 200 nm. A more pronounced inhibitory function of the gold mask for the hybrid chemical and photochemical UV–ozone treatment than for oxygen-plasma treatment may be the reason for the better quality of the obtained APTES SAM

Fringe structures and tunable bandgap width of 2D boron nitride nanosheets

• Peter Feng,
• Muhammad Sajjad,
• Eric Yiming Li,
• Hongxin Zhang,
• Jin Chu,
• Ali Aldalbahi and
• Gerardo Morell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1186–1192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.130

• stabilities. In our previous paper [22], we studied the electric behaviors of hydrogenated BNNS and temperature dependences of resistances before and after hydrogen plasma treatment. The present paper addresses on how to produce atomic BNNS with a desirable bandgap width based on material functionalization

Template-directed synthesis and characterization of microstructured ceramic Ce/ZrO₂@SiO₂ composite tubes

• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Meike Naumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1152–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.126

• silica tubes are obtained by using electrospun PS fibers as exotemplates, functionalizing them by an O2 plasma treatment followed by coverage with a layer of Stoeber sol particles. The average diameter of the silica tubes is ca. 2 µm. However, smaller tubes exist due to the non-uniform electrospinning

Growth and characterization of CNT–TiO₂ heterostructures

• Yucheng Zhang,
• Ivo Utke,
• Johann Michler,
• Gabriele Ilari,
• Marta D. Rossell and
• Rolf Erni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 946–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.108

• nucleation. The density of oxygenated defects can be increased by oxygen plasma treatment. A conformal film is obtained when the nanocrystals coalesce due to lateral growth after approximately 50–100 cycles (depending on the defect density) [28]. Similar results were obtained with Al2O3 coatings by using

New hybrid materials based on poly(ethyleneoxide)-grafted polysilazane by hydrosilylation and their anti-fouling activities

• Thi Dieu Hang Nguyen,
• François-Xavier Perrin and
• Dinh Lam Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 671–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.75

• been widely studied [12][13][14]. Several methods to modify surfaces with PEO chains were investigated. These include the covalent grafting [15][16], the chemical adsorption [17], the formation of self-assembled monolayers [18][19], plasma treatment [12][20] or the use of supercritical CO2 [21][22

Hydrogen-plasma-induced magnetocrystalline anisotropy ordering in self-assembled magnetic nanoparticle monolayers

• Alexander Weddemann,
• Judith Meyer,
• Anna Regtmeier,
• Irina Janzen,
• Dieter Akemeier and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 164–172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.16

• gradient magnetometer (AGM) measurements were performed before and after plasma treatment. Since a significant degree of oxidation can occur on very short time scales [15][16], the samples were covered in situ with a thin protective layer. These layers were deposited employing magnetron sputtering. For

• and after plasma treatment. The measurements reveal that species II can be found in an ε-phase, while sample I is ordered on an hcp-lattice (Figure 4). The arrows indicate the expected peak positions of the fcc-phase (44.22° (111), 51.52° (200), 75.86° (220), 92.23° (311), 97.66° (222)), which are not

• magnetocrystalline orientations are randomly distributed along the sample. Similar to the microscopic ordering during annealing, see e.g. [29], the crystallographic orientation may change under plasma treatment following the magnetic stress induced by the stray fields of contiguous particles. The mechanism is

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• the as-grown CNTs [21]. In this context, physical functionalization, such as plasma treatment where the functionalization features depend on the plasma parameters, has been reported. This technique allows an optimal tunable chemical modification of the CNT surface. A detailed review devoted to the

• to the tip displacement through the CNT forest and can disturb the measurement. To clarify these points, they accomplished a comparison between friction coefficient measurements for VA-CNTs modified by CF4- or O2-plasma treatment, under normal room humidity or reduced ambient humidity. The data

• pulsed direct-current (DC) plasma can modify radically the wettability of VA-CNTs. The plasma treatment allows the grafting of oxygen-containing groups onto the VA-CNTs tips, altering the polarity of the sample and leading to a more hydrophilic surface. Ramos et al. showed that a CO2 laser irradiation

Pure hydrogen low-temperature plasma exposure of HOPG and graphene: Graphane formation?

• Baran Eren,
• Dorothée Hug,
• Laurent Marot,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Roland Steiner,
• Dominik M. Zumbühl and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 852–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.96

• argon-plasma treatment also results in similar atomic rearrangements due to corrugation [22], but no rise of the D peak [5], it can be claimed that hydrogen plasma treatment of the graphene layer results in its hydrogenation. Photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy

• deficiencies and point defects created during the plasma treatment, our results, when considered all together, point to double-sided hydrogenation of the graphene layers. (2) Graphite may be an alternative solution for hydrogen storage. Since hydrogen-LTP-exposed HOPG possesses a high thermal stability

• spectroscopy measurements were prepared by exfoliation of HOPG using a PDMS stamp and transferring them on SiO2 [42]. The number of layers was determined from the 2D peak of the Raman spectra, which was acquired prior to plasma treatment. An intermittent contact-mode AFM experiment was performed by means of a

Spontaneous dissociation of Co₂(CO)₈ and autocatalytic growth of Co on SiO₂: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation

• Kaliappan Muthukumar,
• Harald O. Jeschke,
• Roser Valentí,
• Evgeniya Begun,
• Johannes Schwenk,
• Fabrizio Porrati and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 546–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.63

• discharge for 75 min after the scanning electron microscope (SEM) chamber had been evacuated to its base pressure of about 5 × 10−6 mbar. After the plasma treatment the chamber was again evacuated to base pressure and Co-precursor flux was admitted to the chamber by opening the valve of a home-made gas

• various positions on the SiO2 surface and the Au/Cr contact structures, and after 30 min plasma treatment and 10 min precursor flux exposure reveals clear differences. In regions of maximum precursor flux (see position A in Figure 2) we observe slight differences in the morphology of the formed Co

Directed deposition of silicon nanowires using neopentasilane as precursor and gold as catalyst

• Britta Kämpken,
• Verena Wulf,
• Norbert Auner,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Michael Huth,
• Daniel Rhinow and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 535–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.62

• means. The fact that the resulting, spatially separated NWs are buckled demonstrates that the shape is not influenced by steric effects but rather by irregularities of the nanoparticles themselves. Furthermore, the nanoparticles had to be deprotected (either by H2 plasma treatment or thermal

• the aminopropylated Si[111] surface. SEM image of NWs grown from nanoparticles at 650 °C without prior treatment (left) and at 375 °C after H2-plasma treatment for 40 min (right). Observe that at the lower temperature no round Si particles could be found on the sample. SEM images with different

Template-assisted formation of microsized nanocrystalline CeO₂ tubes and their catalytic performance in the carboxylation of methanol

• Jörg J. Schneider,
• Meike Naumann,
• Christian Schäfer,
• Armin Brandner,
• Heiko J. Hofmann and
• Peter Claus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 776–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.86

• diameter of 1.8 μm was obtained. SEM image of the macrosized ceria mats, composed of ceria microtubes obtained by plasma treatment and further calcination at 350 °C for 3 h. TEM and high-resolution TEM images of agglomerated nanosized ceria particles, which are the building blocks of the microscopic ceria

• ceria mats, obtained by plasma treatment and further calcination at 350 °C, for 3 h to remove the polymer template. The ceria-sol-impregnation step of the polymer fibres was performed with the addition of Pluronic P123®. SEM images (different magnifications) of interconnected microsized ceria tubes

Platinum nanoparticles from size adjusted functional colloidal particles generated by a seeded emulsion polymerization process

• Nicolas Vogel,
• Ulrich Ziener,
• Achim Manzke,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Clemens K. Weiss and
• Katharina Landfester

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 459–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.50

• particles, which are still embedded in a residual matrix (see the high resolution scanning transmission electron microscope (HRSTEM) images in Figure 6). Some of the particles are not spherical, because they were tilted towards one side during plasma treatment [34]. As proven by X-ray photoelectron

• with or without the precursor complex, and with SDS or Lutensol AT50 as surfactant. In contrast to SDS, which contains sodium and sulfur, Lutensol AT50 only consists of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, which are likely to be transformed into volatile products during plasma treatment. The according etching

• ± 9, 423 ± 19 and 594 ± 48 nm were investigated in detail with respect to their post-etching saturation diameter. The corresponding diameters of the lumps after the plasma treatment were 40, 55 and 97 nm (for details of the size determination see the Experimental section). It should be noted, however

Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions

• Samer Darwich,
• Karine Mougin,
• Akshata Rao,
• Enrico Gnecco,
• Shrisudersan Jayaraman and
• Hamidou Haidara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 85–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.10

• being dip-coated, the polymer was removed by oxygen plasma treatment (see Figure 6). Self-assembled monolayer coated silicon wafer The molecular surfaces were prepared by self-assembling organosilane molecules onto silicon wafers Si(111) with a native thin oxide (SiO2) layer of ~1.5 nm. The organosilane

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• the substrates by exposure to oxygen plasma which etches the polymers and simultaneously forms metal-oxide NPs [39]. On subsequent hydrogen plasma treatment the formed NPs can be converted into their metallic state. This approach succeeded in the preparation of monatomic Au [40], Pt [41], Fe, Co NPs

• . Since the oxygen plasma treatment leads to oxidized NPs, for all magnetic NPs discussed in the present work an additional hydrogen plasma step was applied to reduce the particles into the metallic state. For this purpose, a hydrogen working pressure of 0.1 mbar was established in the plasma chamber and

• used. Note, that the SEM images in Figure 3 show NP arrays obtained directly after the oxygen plasma treatment; consequently fully oxidized particles are shown. The corresponding interparticle distances of the NPs differ between the small and large NPs as can be seen from the different scale bars for