Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• voltage to two spiral electrodes, the material between the electrodes generated a gradient of hydroxy groups through polarization. The cathode was reduced to generate more hydroxy groups; the anode was oxidized to generate more o-quinone structures. This asymmetry was demonstrated by the stronger hydrogen

• bonding near the cathode, measured by infrared spectroscopy (Figure 8f,g). Under moist conditions, a voltage signal could be measured in the gradient structure device, while the PDA film without polarization treatment did not produce an obvious voltage or current signal. This lateral gradient

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• ORR performance of the series of prepared catalysts was evaluated using LSV measurements in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution (Figure 4a). The catalytic performance for oxygen electroreduction was evaluated via various parameters from the ORR polarization curves including onset potential, half-wave

• polarization curves of various catalysts in O2-saturated 0.1 M KOH electrolyte at 1600 rpm and a sweep rate of 10 mV·s−1. (b) Corresponding Tafel plots. (c) Mass activity obtained at 0.7 V for all active catalysts and (d) Nyquist plots (the inset shows high-frequency EIS curves). (a) TEM and (b) HRTEM images

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• phase of Ni-doped zirconia is cubic. For a general symmetry, the isotropic electric dipole cross section is obtained by a linear combination of three cross sections calculated along three perpendicular directions of polarization, namely σ(0,0) = 1/3(σxx + σyy + σzz) [44]. In practice, the cross section

• is calculated as follows: First, the charge density is obtained through a self-consistent DFT calculation with 1s core hole on the absorbing oxygen atom, and the cross section is then calculated for a given polarization direction using the Lanczos method and the continued fraction [45]. This approach

• contribution to the pre-edge peak is mainly due to its 3dxy, 3dzx, and 3dzy spin-down orbitals, as well as its 3dzy spin-up orbitals, as shown by the PDOS in Figure 4a. Ni1 with Ni4+ oxidation state and 3d6 orbital configuration has a tetrahedral coordination, which suggests that it is in low spin-polarization

Numerical modeling of a multi-frequency receiving system based on an array of dipole antennas for LSPE-SWIPE

• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 865–872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.77

• Large Scale Polarization Explorer-Short-Wavelength Instrument for the Polarization Explorer (LSPE-SWIPE) back-to-back horn. These results are used for calculating the frequency response of arrays of planar dipole antennas with cold-electron bolometers for 145, 210, and 240 GHz frequencies. For the main

• ; Introduction The Large Scale Polarization Explorer (LSPE) [1] is an experiment of the Italian Space Agency for observing the polarization pattern of the B-mode of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These observations can give an important information about primordial gravitational waves. The LSPE project

• consists of two instruments: Strip and Short-Wavelength Instrument for the Polarization Explorer (SWIPE). LSPE-SWIPE is a balloon-borne radio telescope, which will consist of a main and two auxiliary frequency channels. According to the latest requirements [2], the operating frequency of the LSPE-SWIPE

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• the case of bulk C60, it is found ΔU = Ub − Us = −1.45 eV. Such a decrease of U can be ascribed to the polarization of the nine molecules surrounding each C60 located at the surface, six belonging to the topmost layer and three to the second layer. By considering an equal contribution for each

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• are of interest. In our recent work, using the example of a thin epitaxial film of Pd0.94Fe0.06, it was demonstrated [37] that the dynamics of the reflection coefficient and the angle of rotation of the polarization plane in magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements after a photoexcitation with

• angles were ≈2° and ≈18°. The relaxation of the electronic subsystem was monitored by the relative change in the reflection coefficient (∆R/R). Ultrafast dynamics of the magnetization was analyzed by the deviation of the angle of rotation of the polarization plane of the probing light from the

• equilibrium in longitudinal MOKE measurements. MOKE reveals itself, in general, in a rotation of the polarization plane and an ellipticity of linearly polarized light on its reflection from a magnetized medium. Macroscopically, it originates from an occurrence of the finite non-diagonal components of the

Ideal Kerker scattering by homogeneous spheres: the role of gain or loss

• Qingdong Yang,
• Weijin Chen,
• Yuntian Chen and
• Wei Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 828–835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.73

• , and in Figure 2d–f with xD ≈ 4.4123, and m = 2.83), respectively. In Figure 2, besides the scattering spectra (Figure 2a,d) and dependence of Qb on Im(m) (Figure 2b,e), we show also the two-dimensional (2D) scattering patterns (in the plane parallel to both the incident and polarization directions of

• scattering patterns (in the plane parallel to both polarization and incident directions) at xC with m = 5.14 and at xD with m = 2.83, respectively. In (b, c) and (e, f) two sets of results are shown, considering only dipoles or all multipoles, respectively. Scattering spectra are shown in (a) for m = 1.1875

Experimental and theoretical study of field-dependent spin splitting at ferromagnetic insulator–superconductor interfaces

• Peter Machon,
• Michael J. Wolf,
• Detlef Beckmann and
• Wolfgang Belzig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 682–688, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.60

• on the internal spin-degrees of freedom (spin mixing angles [29]), since the conductance is zero, in contrast to a metallic ferromagnet. The absence of conductance-related parameters (transmission and polarization of each channel) strongly simplifies the boundary condition to a ferromagnetic

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) flake as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) platform, we demonstrate the dependency of the Raman enhancement on laser beam polarization and local structure using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as probe. Second harmonic generation (SHG) and photoluminescence spectroscopy

• investigated using custom-built confocal optical microscopy assisted by a parabolic mirror. Both azimuthally and radially polarized doughnut beams are used for evaluating the polarization-dependent Raman enhancement at the MoSe2 surface. With the combination of SHG and photoluminescence microscopy, structural

• properties of MoSe2 flakes, such as the structural irregularities, thickness, and crystal stacking, are revealed. The dependencies of Raman and photoluminescence signals of the MoSe2 flake on polarization and local structure are compared and discussed. These results contribute to understand the impact of

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• are transferred via a switch rectifier to a capacitor to load it. Pyroelectric power generation: Pyroelectric crystals can generate electricity with a change in temperature owing to the net change in polarization of the crystal units [100]. Therefore, it can be an ideal high-voltage source for MEMS

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• corrosion conditions. Recently, we investigated nanoscale friction on a Zr63Ni22Ti15 (ZrNiTi) MG in phosphate buffer after electrochemical polarization [21]. Our results demonstrated a new method to investigate in situ the structure of surface oxide films grown upon polarization in aqueous solutions using

• polarization curves of ZrNiTi MGs in NaCl solution and phosphate buffer recorded in an electrochemical AFM cell. In NaCl solution, no passivity is observed during anodic polarization. The current density increases rapidly even at a low applied potential (approx. 0 V). In contrast, the ZrNiTi MG in phosphate

• buffer is passivated spontaneously with a wide passivation region (−0.05 to 1.2 V). These results indicate a significantly higher corrosion resistance of the MG in phosphate buffer compared to NaCl solution. After potentiodynamic polarization, the corroded surfaces of ZrNiTi MGs were investigated by

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• occur for a variety of reasons. More water molecules are trapped between the needle and the collector when the water partial pressure is higher. Due to molecular polarization, the presence of these water molecules reduces the quantity of surplus charges in the electrospinning jet [45]. As a result, the

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• MCF7 and HCT116 than to HeLa cells at the tested dose of 19.2 µg/mL. Such cell line-based differences are normal since the mechanism of nanoparticle internalization may vary depending on the cell type, cell cycle stage, and cell polarization state [62]. Free Erb did not cause any significant

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• polarization [4]. This all-optical toggle switching is explained by the different speeds of demagnetization of Gd and the 3d metal in the ferrimagnetic alloy or in bilayers upon exposure to the laser pulse, together with the conservation of angular momentum during the laser-induced demagnetization [16][17][18

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• was used as a model to demonstrate that a combination of polarization relaxation measurements and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM)-based mapping of the Volta potential before and after the end of polarization can be used to determine the chemical diffusion coefficient of the ceria component of the

• temperatures above 400 °C. However, the implications of local oxidation and reduction for charge carrier mobility at lower temperatures are by far less well studied. Therefore, a combined polarization-KPFM experiment was performed on a dual-phase material consisting of 60 vol % Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9 and 40 vol

• nanoscale electrode, a constant voltage pulse was applied to the sample in order to achieve a local polarization with distinctly changed redox state and defect concentrations. In a subsequent mapping experiment, the AFM tip was used as Kelvin probe to scan the locally changed surface potential distribution

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties, high chemical resistance, high thermal stability, large polarization, short switching time, and mechanical flexibility. All these combined characteristics make it suitable for a wide range of advanced applications, from sensing to energy harvesting [8][9][10][11]. It

• shows the strongest ferro-, piezo-, and pyroelectric behavior [13], due to the largest spontaneous polarization (7 × 10−30 C·m) [14]. In order to obtain a high content of the β phase, PVDF is generally polymerized with trifluoroethylene (TrFe), producing a copolymer of PVDF, namely poly(vinylidene

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• dielectric constant with increasing frequency is the most expected phenomenon of dielectric materials which mostly arises due to the dielectric relaxation that causes an anomalous dispersion. The orientational polarization, which depends on the molecular arrangement of dielectric materials, is the major

• due to the dissociation of salts and ion aggregates at higher temperatures. The analysis of the modulus is very useful in distinguishing between electrode polarization with that of other interfacial effects. Figure 7a and Figure 7b show the real part Mr and the imaginary part Mi of the electrical

• observed that the height of the peak decreases by increasing the temperature, which suggests a plurality of relaxation mechanisms. At low frequencies, the values of both real and imaginary moduli decrease to almost zero, indicating a negligible contribution of the electrode polarization phenomenon. The

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• from the dielectric function by using the following expressions [72]: The real part ε1(ω) of the dielectric tensor describes the polarization and the induced scattering of the incident light photons, while ε2(ω) refers to the magnitude of absorption of the incident radiations. The real part ε1(ω) of

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• ]. What is common to all these approaches is that finely dispersed Na, even in its metallic Na form, suppresses dendrite formation to a significant extent. The generally reported reason for this observation is the more even distribution of Na nuclei, the greatly reduced concentration polarization, and a

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• inertness is due to metallic gold formed upon reduction of Au3+ during nanoparticle formation. However, there is also the possibility of Au0 oxidation that is influenced by size, shape, and stabilizing/capping agents. For instance, commonly used citrate and thiolate ligands result in a partial polarization

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• quantities, that is, frequency (giving the stiffness), amplitude (giving the piezoresponse), Q (dissipation), and phase (directionality of polarization). PFM can map piezoelectric domains and the inverse piezoresponse of a sample, but signals are notoriously low. In this work, two arrays (real and imaginary

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• –polypyrrole) oscillates, and then, due to the piezoelectric effect, the ferroelectric tail bends and the electric polarization changes. Experimental analysis shows that changing the magnitude and frequency of the magnetic field can transform the motion of the nanoeel from surface walking to three-dimensional

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• high levels of disorder in the crystal. Up to this critical dose, it was shown that the valley polarization properties of the material were preserved (indicating that the electronic band structure of the semiconductor was largely unaffected). Only for high levels of disorder introduced into the system

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

• Zhao-Qi Sheng,
• Yu-Qin Xing,
• Yan Chen,
• Guang Zhang,
• Shi-Yong Liu and
• Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

• with oligophenylene moieties, which is due to the favorable internal polarization and coordinating sites rendered by nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Among them, the DTBDT–pyrazine-based P29 achieved the best HER of 106.9 μmol·h−1 (12 mg) due to the suitable N substitution. Pyrene as a well-known

• -dicarboxylic acid. It was revealed that the longer alkyl chain was harmful to the D–A interactions in CPs. Thus, nitrogen-containing aromatic segments can effectively mediate the internal polarization of the polymeric framework and thus enhance the PHP performance. Benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymers

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• behavior in the ORR, since it is at the cathode that strong polarization and pronounced degradation of the catalyst take place. Such а degradation occurs as a result of both the operation at high anodic potentials and the effect of aggressive oxygen-containing intermediates, which are formed during the