Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• (black square). Points plotted with CA values above 150° correspond to superhydrophobic surfaces that did not allow the positioning of the droplet (no CA could be measured in those cases). The top row of micrograph illustrates a time sequence of such a case, summarized in four stages: approaching

Two-dimensional semiconductors pave the way towards dopant-based quantum computing

• José Carlos Abadillo-Uriel,
• Belita Koiller and
• María José Calderón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2668–2673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.249

• hybrid qubit [14], optical manipulation [15] and dipole coupling with electrons [16] or holes [17][18]. Here we propose an alternative that relies on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials instead of bulk Si as host material. A precise positioning of donors on a surface may be simpler than in the

• bulk, because it only requires control over two coordinates, avoiding the z-component uncertainties, see Figure 1. More importantly, quite a few 2D materials present the conduction band minimum at the Γ point [19][20], naturally reducing the required donor positioning accuracy, as no oscillatory

• should reduce the technological demands on donor positioning. Conclusion The variability of binding energies as a function of the chemical composition, substrate and number of layers, opens up a wide range of possibilities for the potential use of 2D materials to host donors where electrons may serve as

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• . These values correspond to an intra-colloidal separation of = 1.4 μm or 1.07 × 102 nanoparticles in the focal volume approximated by a cylinder of volume πw2·2zR. The micro-jet positioning system has been introduced in our earlier studies [28][35]. A beam-steering system for the pre-pulse irradiation

• -pulse excitation with different sizes, shapes, or concentrations of nanoparticles. It is clearly shown that the controlled spatial positioning of the solution flow at the laser focus with appropriate delay time induces effective X-ray emission. Recently, similar experiments with narrowly focussed fs

• positioning system was used to find the maximum X-ray intensity [35]. The laser irradiates the solution film from the right side in these figures. The width of the solution film hit by the laser pulse at an incidence angle of θ = 60° is 2h ≈ 40 μm (shown in panel (a)). X-ray intensity at different positions

Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

• Ana S. Viana and
• Romana Santos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2277–2286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.212

• 50 nm in diameter) [23]. Indeed, this dense meshwork of sea urchin footprints replicates the dense array of cell projections covering their tube foot disc surface [17] in the same way the loose meshwork observed in sea star footprints replicates the positioning of the secretory pores on their tube

• ×) illustrating the positioning of the moist adhesive footprint (indicated by the arrow) beneath the triangular-shaped AFM cantilever. Peak force tapping AFM (PFT-AFM) image (a) and height profile (b) of Paracentrotus lividus moist footprints at the edge of the adhesive material. Image obtained with a ScanAsyst

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• –Lambert law have been obtained, in contrast to previous related work on silicon microwires [32][33]. Our results provide the first step for rationally designed catalyst positioning using the underlying resonant properties of nanoscale photocatalysts, tunable simply by altering the shape, size or

• excitation wavelength. The extensive literature on such nanophotonic tuning makes this an exciting approach for lithography-free nanoscale control over catalyst positioning [34][35][36][37][38]. We have chosen vertical silicon nanowires as a model nanophotonic system because of their ease of fabrication

• catalytic materials with nanoscale control can be a very promising method for an easy and low-cost fabrication of efficient photo-electrodes. It provides a lot of flexibility on the materials involved and on the design of the final structure. Further research should be focused on improving the positioning

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• crystalline gold nanoparticles can be described by an effective scaling exponent of approximately half this value. This difference can be understood simply by considering how force cancellation effects become less effective for amorphous interfaces with irregular positioning of slider atoms [46]. While the

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• -beam etching and takes changes in ion current during long-time irradiation into account. The scan mode with spot overlap was used for ion beam positioning, leading to a homogeneous irradiation of the sample. The experimental conditions are given in Table 2. Raman spectra Raman scattering measurements

Electrical characterization of single nanometer-wide Si fins in dense arrays

• Steven Folkersma,
• Janusz Bogdanowicz,
• Andreas Schulze,
• Paola Favia,
• Dirch H. Petersen,
• Ole Hansen,
• Henrik H. Henrichsen,
• Peter F. Nielsen,
• Lior Shiv and
• Wilfried Vandervorst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1863–1867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.178

• result both from a variation in the electrode positioning itself and from the exact location of the small electrical contact under the wider electrode. Additionally, using the widths measured with TEM and the relation Rfin = Rsfin × s/Wfin (using s = 8 µm), the inset of Figure 3b shows that all ten fins

Electrostatically actuated encased cantilevers

• Benoit X. E. Desbiolles,
• Gabriela Furlan,
• Adam M. Schwartzberg,
• Paul D. Ashby and
• Dominik Ziegler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1381–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.130

• conductive sample [21][22] has been used as driving electrodes and Long et al. presented a designated cantilever holder to position an excitation electrode within few tens of micrometers on top of a regular cantilever [23]. However, accurate positioning in the confined space without perturbing the laser beam

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• selected in all studies to have the most accurate result with relative tolerance set to 10−6. a) Illustration of the double-barrel perfusion-based single-cell respirometry probe. The cell culture or tissue dish is shown on top of an x–y–z positioning set-up. The inset (1) shows tubing for the inlet and

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• fully integrated custom-built gas-injection system (GIS). The GIS was designed for short molecule paths and chemical inertness to allow for the evaporation of highly reactive compounds with low vapor pressure. The GIS three-axis stage allowed for accurate positioning of the nozzle exit 200 µm above the

Effect of microtrichia on the interlocking mechanism in the Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

• Jiyu Sun,
• Chao Liu,
• Bharat Bhushan,
• Wei Wu and
• Jin Tong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 812–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.75

• septempunctata (L.) observed multiple abdominal lifting movements [14]. Because the abdomen is curved, the length of HW2 is equal to that of terga 5–7; the microtrichia beyond tergum 4 serve as obstacles that participate in positioning parts of the wing during folding, ensuring a correct sequence of folds and

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• positioning in host matrices. Control over the size, shape and surface of nanoparticles is an effective tool that can be used in bottom up approaches for the fabrication of composite materials [1][2]. An optimal strategy of nanoparticle synthesis should account for their target application. For example, block

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• creation, precisely controlled biomolecule positioning, and straightforward operation. To investigate the capability of the lift-off process to fabricate various bioactive substrates, probes with different molecular behavior and multiplexed array construction are tested. The unique surface environments

The nanofluidic confinement apparatus: studying confinement-dependent nanoparticle behavior and diffusion

• Stefan Fringes,
• Felix Holzner and
• Armin W. Knoll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 301–310, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.30

• cover glass is done by three linear piezo actuators (Picomotor, Newport). The distance of the cover glass and the microscope objective relative to the substrate is controlled by two linear piezo-stages (100 μm, Nano-OP100, Mad City Labs), which are attached to a coarse-positioning stage (MT-84, Feinmess

• ) for scanned laser illumination of the sample through a beam splitter (BS), and an oil immersion objective. Two linear piezo-stages (yellow) and one coarse-positioning stage (orange) allow to fine tune the focus and the confinement independently and to access a large range of gap distances. (b

Anchoring of a dye precursor on NiO(001) studied by non-contact atomic force microscopy

• Sara Freund,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Nathalie Marinakis,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Catherine E. Housecroft and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 242–249, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.26

• surface in such a way that the two similar functional groups are always facing the same type of surface atom (either Ni or O). For instance, taking into account the partial charge distributions of the surface (Ni is δ+) and of the bpy unit (N is δ−), we might expect a positioning of the nitrogen atoms (in

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• diameter was chosen. For precise positioning, the GIS was fixed inside the chamber on a three-axis stage. The GIS was positioned at 200 µm lateral distance to the deposit and approximately 2 mm above the substrate. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• thickness as a function of growth per cycle was also observed with HfO2 [28] and ZrO2 [29]. The growth rate for a single deposition was different for each sample in the reactor because of the reactor type and positioning of the samples (Figure 1). The growth rate decreased with increasing distance between

Nematic topological defects positionally controlled by geometry and external fields

• Pavlo Kurioz,
• Marko Kralj,
• Bryce S. Murray,
• Charles Rosenblatt and
• Samo Kralj

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 109–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.13

• and external fields on the spatial positioning of nematic topological defects (TDs). In quasi two-dimensional systems we demonstrate that a confinement-enforced total topological charge of m > 1/2 decays into elementary TDs bearing a charge of m = 1/2. These assemble close to the bounding substrate to

Design of photonic microcavities in hexagonal boron nitride

• Sejeong Kim,
• Milos Toth and
• Igor Aharonovich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 102–108, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.12

• cavity mode, even moderate Q values of 20,000 (≈20 GHz linewidth), will yield a Purcell enhancement of ≈530. To realize the high Purcell enhancement experimentally, techniques for precise positioning of SPEs to the maximum intensity of the cavity mode are required. Two different approaches can suggest

Material discrimination and mixture ratio estimation in nanocomposites via harmonic atomic force microscopy

• Weijie Zhang,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Xicheng Xia and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2771–2780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.276

• frequencies roughly scales with the mode shape slope. A laser spot located at the free end can enhance the harmonic signals compared with other locations. Furthermore, positioning a laser spot on the eigenmode slope nodes should be avoided because the harmonic amplitudes will reach to near zero and show

Localized growth of carbon nanotubes via lithographic fabrication of metallic deposits

• Fan Tu,
• Martin Drost,
• Imre Szenti,
• Janos Kiss,
• Zoltan Kónya and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2592–2605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.260

• fabrication of catalytically active deposits for the subsequent growth of corresponding CNTs with precise positioning. In FEBIP the focused electron beam of an electron microscope, here a scanning electron microscope (SEM), is used to very locally modify adsorbed precursor molecules or the substrate itself

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• well as in nanomedicine [30]. Many applications require precise positioning of Au structures on the nanoscale, e.g., for fabrication of interconnects [31][32] and field emission tips [33] or in direct writing of plasmonic and photonic nanostructures and devices [4][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. We

Stick–slip boundary friction mode as a second-order phase transition with an inhomogeneous distribution of elastic stress in the contact area

• Iakov A. Lyashenko,
• Vadym N. Borysiuk and
• Valentin L. Popov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1889–1896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.189

• occurs in nanometer-sized tribological systems that are commonly used in aerospace technologies, computer memory devices and electronic positioning systems [4]. Various experimental research has shown that in the boundary friction mode, the lubricant can undergo periodic phase transitions between the

Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas

• Subrata Ghosh,
• Shyamal R. Polaki,
• Niranjan Kumar,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Mohamed Kamruddin and
• Kostya (Ken) Ostrikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1658–1670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.166

• become stronger at higher energies and fluxes, positioning of the substrate is important since the plasma characteristics, such as the energy and density of the reactive species vary [59]. At higher distances, time for transporting carbon species (e.g., C2) from the plasma source to the substrates is