Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• properties of the prepared catalysts were investigated in a three-electrode system in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at room temperature using a RRDE. A saturated mercury sulfate electrode (MSE, Bioanalytical system Inc., RE-2C) was used as the reference electrode and a platinum wire as the counter electrode (CE). All

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• Reference 600 potentiostat from Gamry Instruments operating in a three-electrode setup. A saturated calomel electrode (SCE) was used as reference electrode (243 ± 2 mV vs SHE) and a platinum electrode consisting of a 1 mm thick platinum piece (0.6 cm × 0.7 cm) represented the counter electrode. The

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• carbon cloth (ElectroChem). The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl/NaCl (3 M) (0.212 V vs standard hydrogen electrode). The electrolytes were H2SO4 (2 M) and VOSO4 (1 M)/H2SO4 (2 M). The measurements were carried out under Ar atmosphere at 25 °C. A flow cell test was performed using three layers of 3 cm2 of

• -550Air, and TGP-550Air. Cyclic voltammograms in Ar-saturated 2 M H2SO4 at 25 °C for TGP, TGP-550Air, and TGP-CSnPc-TAir (T = 500, 550, 600 and 650 °C). The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl/NaCl (3 M). The counter electrode was carbon cloth. Scan rate: 50 mV·s−1. Cyclic voltammograms in 1 M VOSO4 + 2 M

• H2SO4 at 25 °C for (a,b) VO2+/VO2+, (c) V2+/3+ redox reactions at TGP, TGP-550Air, TGP-CSnPc-TAir (T =500, 550, 600 and 650 °C). The reference electrode was Ag/AgCl/NaCl (3 M). The counter electrode was carbon cloth. Scan rates were (a,b) 1 mV·s−1 and (c) 50 mV·s−1. Charge–discharge curves and cycling

Synthesis of novel C-doped g-C₃N₄ nanosheets coupled with CdIn₂S₄ for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

• Jingshuai Chen,
• Chang-Jie Mao,
• Helin Niu and
• Ji-Ming Song

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 912–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.92

• photospectroscopy (Hitachi F-4500). Photocurrent measurements The photocurrent response of the photocatalyts were measured using a standard three-electrode electrochemical station (CHI 660D, Chenhua Instrument Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China). In this system, the Ag/AgCl electrode was chosen as the reference electrode

An efficient electrode material for high performance solid-state hybrid supercapacitors based on a Cu/CuO/porous carbon nanofiber/TiO₂ hybrid composite

• Mamta Sham Lal,
• Thirugnanam Lavanya and
• Sundara Ramaprabhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 781–793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.78

• an area of 1 cm2 and dried at 70 °C overnight and was used as the working electrode. A platinum wire acts as counter electrode and Ag/AgCl acts as reference electrode for the electrochemical measurements in three-electrode configuration in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte from 0 to 1 V potential range

An iridescent film of porous anodic aluminum oxide with alternatingly electrodeposited Cu and SiO₂ nanoparticles

• Menglei Chang,
• Huawen Hu,
• Haiyan Quan,
• Hongyang Wei,
• Zhangyi Xiong,
• Jiacong Lu,
• Pin Luo,
• Yaoheng Liang,
• Jianzhen Ou and
• Dongchu Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 735–745, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.73

• approximately 5.7 cm2. After being allowed to stand for 24 h, the sample was exposed to the electrochemical impedance measurements. A three-electrode system was adopted for the measurements, and a Pt wire and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) were employed as the auxiliary electrode and reference electrode

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• cell was used for cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles measurements. Platinum mesh acted as a counter electrode, and Ag/AgCl (0.1 M KCl) was used as the reference electrode. The geometric surface area of tested electrodes was equal to 0.5 cm2. Current densities used for charge

A Ni(OH)₂ nanopetals network for high-performance supercapacitors synthesized by immersing Ni nanofoam in water

• Donghui Zheng,
• Man Li,
• Yongyan Li,
• Chunling Qin,
• Yichao Wang and
• Zhifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 281–293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.27

• employed as the working electrodes, the counter electrode and the reference electrode, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge curves (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out using an electrochemical workstation (Chenhua CHI660D

Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability

• Sandra Haschke,
• Dmitrii Pankin,
• Vladimir Mikhailovskii,
• Maïssa K. S. Barr,
• Adriana Both-Engel,
• Alina Manshina and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.15

• investigations in order to secure the stability of the Al2O3 template, ITO and ruthenium (Figure 2). In cyclic voltammetry (Figure 9a), our nanotubular nt-Ru/C electrodes feature two broad oxidative peaks located around 0.0 V and +0.5 V vs the Ag/AgCl reference electrode. These peaks correspond to the oxidation

• electrolysis were performed from the open-circuit potential at room temperature using Gamry Interface 1000 potentiostats. The standard redox potential of the Ag/AgCl/KCl(sat.) reference electrode is shifted by +0.20 V relative to the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE). Cyclic and linear sweep voltammograms were

• potential is presented versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and Ag/AgCl reference electrode, respectively. Comparison of 10 successive cycles for a nanostructured (L = 13 μm) (a) and a planar Ru/C electrode (b). The first and last cycle are highlighted in blue and green, respectively. The current

Amorphous Ni_xCo_yP-supported TiO₂ nanotube arrays as an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction electrocatalyst in acidic solution

• Yong Li,
• Peng Yang,
• Bin Wang and
• Zhongqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 62–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.6

• (saturated KCl) reference electrode, and 0.5 mol L−1 H2SO4 as the electrolyte. During the LSV, CV, and Tafel experiments, the scan rate was 5 mV s−1. During the EIS experiment, the frequency range was 10−2–105 Hz and the applied bias was the open-circuit potential of the samples. The measured current was

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• /AgCl (sat. KCl) electrode (Metrohm) served as counter and reference electrode, respectively. Electrochemical dealloying was conducted in 0.1 M sulfuric acid solution at a potential of +0.55 V (vs Ag/AgCl), a method that is commonly used to achieve homogeneous nanoporous palladium structures [16][17

• potentials in the text below refer to the Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl) reference electrode. Zero on the strain axis in the plots was chosen in the electrochemical double-layer regime. For the distinction of hydride phases in npPd, samples were dealloyed and characterised ex situ in a standard three-electrode

Nanostructure-induced performance degradation of WO₃·nH₂O for energy conversion and storage devices

• Zhenyin Hai,
• Mohammad Karbalaei Akbari,
• Zihan Wei,
• Danfeng Cui,
• Chenyang Xue,
• Hongyan Xu,
• Philippe M. Heynderickx,
• Francis Verpoort and
• Serge Zhuiykov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2845–2854, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.265

• in 1.0 M H2SO4 aqueous solution. The as-prepared sample, a Pt wire and a Ag/AgCl electrode acted as working, counter and reference electrode, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was conducted in the potential range from −0.8 V to +0.8 V (vs Ag/AgCl). Results and Discussion The crystal structure of

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• detected m/z values. All electrochemical experiments were carried out using a PGSTAT12 Metrohm-Autolab potentiostat monitored by the GPES Software. Measurements were performed in a three-electrode cell, including the film-modified GCE as working electrode, an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (3 M KCl internal

Impact of the anodization time on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ nanotubes

• Jesús A. Díaz-Real,
• Geyla C. Dubed-Bandomo,
• Juan Galindo-de-la-Rosa,
• Luis G. Arriaga,
• Janet Ledesma-García and
• Nicolas Alonso-Vante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2628–2643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.244

• electrochemical measurements were performed at 25 °C in a three-electrode cell equipped with a quartz window using a SP-300 Bio-logic potentiostat. A glassy carbon and a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) were used as counter and reference electrode, respectively. The photoelectrodes were fabricated with an

• . Graphite and Ag|AgCl electrodes were used as counter and reference electrode, respectively, in a 0.5 M KCl electrolyte. A 375 nm UV-LED was used as illumination source with an effective irradiation power (I0) of 22.4 mW/cm2 at the working electrode distance, while recording the current under a

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• -111; Umicore; D90: 17.0 µm; mass loading ≈6.5 mg cm−2) electrodes with an active material: polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) binder: Super C65 composition of 93:4:3 wt % and Li-metal was used as reference electrode. A six-layered polyolefin separator (Freudenberg 2190; diameter: 13 mm) soaked with 140

• µL of electrolyte was placed between negative and positive electrode. The reference electrode was spaced apart from the other electrodes by a three-layered separator (diameter: 8 mm) containing 60 µL of electrolyte. The used electrolyte was a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate

• :1 was used and the cells were cycled at a cell voltage of 3.0 V and 4.3 V. In addition, the reference electrode was used to monitor the anode potential. After three formation cycles with 10 mA g−1, a specific current of 100 mA g−1 was applied for cycling. The currents refer to the active material

Magnetism and magnetoresistance of single Ni–Cu alloy nanowires

• Andreea Costas,
• Camelia Florica,
• Elena Matei,
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Andrei Kuncser,
• Victor Kuncser and
• Ionut Enculescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2345–2355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.219

• electrode) and a commercial saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as a reference electrode. The process temperature was kept constant at 50 °C by using a double-wall electrochemical cell and a recirculating bath. The nanowires were synthesized at four different electrodeposition potentials: −800 mV, −900 mV

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• deposition of the platinum catalyst on the nanostructures. The sample served as the working electrode (WE) with a platinum wire counter electrode (CE) and Ag/AgCl reference electrode (RE) (Figure 1). During a typical photo-electrodeposition experiment, the sample was mounted in direct contact with a Pt

• illustration of the photo-electrochemical deposition of metallic Pt on silicon nanostructures from hexachloroplatinate (PtCl62−) in a three-electrode photo-electrochemical cell with counter electrode (CE), reference electrode (RE) and working electrode (WE). The location of catalyst deposition can be tuned by

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles as sulfur encapsulator for high-performance lithium/sulfur batteries

• Yan Zhao,
• Zhengjun Liu,
• Liancheng Sun,
• Yongguang Zhang,
• Yuting Feng,
• Xin Wang,
• Indira Kurmanbayeva and
• Zhumabay Bakenov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1677–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.159

• wt % polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The resulting homogeneous slurry was coated on nickel foam and subsequently dried at 75 °C overnight. Metallic lithium foil served as a counter and reference electrode, and micro-porous polypropylene film (Cellgard 2300) was used as

Cr(VI) remediation from aqueous environment through modified-TiO₂-mediated photocatalytic reduction

• Rashmi Acharya,
• Brundabana Naik and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1448–1470, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.137

• charge transfer (lower PL peak) of Cu2O-modified TiO2 than the pure TiO2 [96]. The enhanced charge transport efficiency can be found from photoelectrochemical studies using a three electrode system (working electrode, counter electrode and reference electrode). A current intensity–applied voltage (I–V

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• film on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect 1-naphthol (as a model analyte) was explored. The electrochemical measurements were carried out using a three-electrode system with the GCE as the working electrode, a saturated calomel electrode as the reference electrode, and a platinum wire as the

• calomel electrode (SCE) was used as the reference electrode, and a platinum wire served as the counter electrode. Characterization The X-ray diffraction pattern of the HACC-rGO powder and the deposited HACC-rGO/CS film were performed on an X-ray diffractometer (D/MX-IIIA, Rigaku, JP). The flake size of

Semi-automatic spray pyrolysis deposition of thin, transparent, titania films as blocking layers for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells

• Hana Krýsová,
• Josef Krýsa and
• Ladislav Kavan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1135–1145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.105

• controlled by the NOVA software. The TiO2 thin film on FTO was the working electrode, the reference electrode was Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) and a platinum rod was used as the counter electrode. The TiO2 films were illuminated from the front side by a Hg lamp (Oriel), and the TiO2 film area (1 cm2) was defined by a

Cyclodextrin inhibits zinc corrosion by destabilizing point defect formation in the oxide layer

• Abdulrahman Altin,
• Maciej Krzywiecki,
• Adnan Sarfraz,
• Cigdem Toparli,
• Claudius Laska,
• Philipp Kerger,
• Aleksandar Zeradjanin,
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer,
• Michael Rohwerder and
• Andreas Erbe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 936–944, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.86

• KCl and β-CD. All experiments were done at ambient temperature of 23 ± 2 °C. Electrochemical measurements were conducted in a classical three-electrode setup, with stagnant electrolyte saturated with air before the experiment, using a commercial Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl reference electrode (Metrohm) in a

• set as a counter electrode, a commercial Ag/AgCl/3 M KCl electrode was placed as reference electrode, and zinc foil as the working electrode. The area A of the working electrode exposed to the electrolyte was 0.21 mm2. The experiments were performed in 0.01 M KCl solution at a flow rate Vf = 166

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• working photo anode, Ag/AgCl as reference electrode and Pt as counter electrode. The electrolyte chosen for the study was 0.1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution of pH 6.8. A 400 nm cut-off filter was used for the light irradiation during linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) analysis. Results and Discussion XRD analysis

Wafer-scale bioactive substrate patterning by chemical lift-off lithography

• Chong-You Chen,
• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hsiang-Hua Li,
• Hong-Hseng Chan and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 311–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.31

• exposed area of 0.28 cm2), an Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) reference electrode, and a Pt wire counter electrode. CV measurements were carried out with 1 mM [Ru(NH3)6]3+ in 25 mM TRIS buffer (pH 7.4) at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. Target capture. For binding partner recognition, the substrates were rinsed with 25 mM

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• suspension (62%) as a binder. The mixture was prepared using a mortar and pestle, before being rolled out into a 40 µm film, which was dried at room temperature. An Ag/AgCl electrode filled with a saturated KCl aqueous solution was used as the reference electrode and Pt foil was used as the counter electrode

• active in an acidic environment [50], while redox transformations between Mo(VI) and Mo(IV) may appear at voltages of 90 mV on the charging curve and 220 mV on the discharging curve for Ag/AgCl reference electrode [51]. However, these peaks were not detected in the CV curves of our samples. The lower the