Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• indexes that denote the materials, ξp is the coherence length, γBpq = RBA/ρpξp is the interface parameter, in which RBA is the resistance per square of the interface, and ρp is the resistivity of the material at the p-side of the boundary. Note that the boundary conditions at the S/F interface are written

• odd-numbered ferromagnetic layer has a thickness of LF1 = 0.15ξS, while every even-numbered ferromagnetic layer has a thickness of LF2 = 0.1ξS. We assume that the diffusive coherence length of the superconducting and ferromagnetic materials are the same; however, the relative resistivity values can

• depends on the relative resistivity values and coherence lengths of a chosen material. When the ferromagnetic metal and the superconductor have the same resistivity and diffusion coefficients (i.e., for γ = 1), the pair potential in the whole structure grows evenly with the temperature decrease (Figure 2a

Structural and electronic properties of SnO₂ doped with non-metal elements

• Jianyuan Yu,
• Yingeng Wang,
• Yan Huang,
• Xiuwen Wang,
• Jing Guo,
• Jingkai Yang and
• Hongli Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1321–1328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.116

• research works has been done examining different doping elements. Doped tin oxide thin film have been widely used in the fields of thin film solar cell electrodes, electronic display devices, and gas sensors. Also doped SnO2 been used for energy-saving low-emissivity glass coatings due to low resistivity

• successfully prepared from N-doped SnO2 films. Through Al/N co-doping, a p-type SnO2 semiconductor thin film with excellent electrical properties was prepared. The resistivity, hole concentration and hole mobility were 7.1 × 10−3 Ω·cm, 6.24 × 1019 cm−3 and 14.1 cm2·V−1·s−1, respectively [8]. Doping SnO2 with F

• . When the concentration of the precursor solution was adjusted to 0.15 M and the substrate temperature was 773 K, a film with a resistivity of 1.2 × 10−4 Ω·cm was obtained [10]. Theoretical calculations, based on first principles, show that the doping of N into the SnO2 crystal structure can introduce

Proximity effect in [Nb(1.5 nm)/Fe(x)]₁₀/Nb(50 nm) superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sabine Pütter,
• Laura Guasco,
• Roman Morari,
• Gideok Kim,
• Thomas Keller,
• Anatolie Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1254–1263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.109

• the Al2O3(1−102) substrate. Samples grown at this condition possess a high residual resistivity ratio of 15–20. By using neutron reflectometry we show that Fe/Nb superlattices with x < 4 nm form a depth-modulated FeNb alloy with concentration of iron varying between 60% and 90%. This alloy has weak

• metallic springs touching the surface of the sample. The tension of the springs is sufficiently high to ensure good contact with the sample surface and to measure the resistivity using a standard four-point contact method. The setup is designed to enable simultaneous PNR and transport experiments, though

• we waited 10–15 min to stabilize the temperature. From the transport measurements we derived the residual resistivity ratio RRR = (300K)/(10K), the superconducting transition temperature TC and its width ΔTC. The latter two parameters were defined as the center and the width of derivative d/dT

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• resistivity of grain boundaries, more energy is required for electron hopping, thus, increasing the loss [27][28]. In the high frequency region that corresponds to the higher conductivity, energy required for the hopping of electrons is less and therefore, the loss decreases [27][28]. Dielectric loss is an

Gas-sensing features of nanostructured tellurium thin films

• Dumitru Tsiulyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1010–1018, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.85

• dielectric relaxation time (τr). As τr = εε0ρ (ρ is the bulk resistivity, ε and ε0 are the permittivity and the electric constant, respectively), it is clear that τr decreases since there is a reduction in the resistivity when the temperature increase and the system reaches steady state in less time. Another

Measurement of electrostatic tip–sample interactions by time-domain Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Christian Ritz,
• Tino Wagner and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 911–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.76

• characterize doping profiles via scanning capacitance measurements [6]. Especially in the field of nanoelectronic devices, this kind of electrical characterizations is of great interest. Local potential drops across active nanostructures reveal information about the local resistivity and can provide crucial

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• microscopy (AFM), UV–vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and resistivity measurements in Zn1−xMgxO thin films deposited by the sol–gel spin-coating route in the composition range x = 0.00–0.40 [23]. It was found that the phase segregation manifests itself starting at a Mg content of x = 0.25. However

• demonstrated photosensitivity under UV light irradiation, where the photosensitivity was much higher in samples prepared by spin coating as compared to those prepared by aerosol spray pyrolysis. Additionally, the resistivity of films deposited by spin coating was found to be much higher. Apart from that, a

• different numbers of technological steps and the different temperature of the substrate during the deposition processes. In our opinion, the higher resistivity of the films prepared by spin coating as compared to those obtained by spray pyrolysis indicates a higher degree of conductivity compensation, due

A Josephson junction based on a highly disordered superconductor/low-resistivity normal metal bilayer

• Pavel M. Marychev and
• Denis Yu. Vodolazov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 858–865, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.71

• composed of a highly disordered superconductor (S) and a low-resistivity normal metal (N) with proximity-induced superconductivity. In such a junction, the N layer provides both a large concentration of phase in the weak link and good heat dissipation. We find that when the thickness of the S and the N

• the thickness of the N layer leads to a significant decrease of Rn and, hence, to smaller values of Vc. In our work, we calculate the current–phase relation and heating effects in SN-S-SN Josephson junctions of variable thickness based on a thin dirty superconductor with large normal-state resistivity

• , ρS ≥ 100 μΩ·cm, and a thin normal metal layer with low resistivity, ρN ≥ 2 μΩ·cm. In such a thin SN bilayer the superconducting current mainly flows in the N layer (due to proximity-induced superconductivity and ρS/ρN ≫ 1), and the critical current of the SN bilayer may exceed the critical current of

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• epitaxially. Electric resistance measurements demonstrate a metallic-type temperature dependence for the VN film with a small residual resistivity of 9 μΩ·cm at 10 K, indicating high purity and structural quality of the film. The transition to the superconducting state was observed at 7.7 K for the VN film

• intervals, one above 250 K and another one in the range of 80–180 K, of quasi-linear temperature dependence with different temperature coefficients of resistivity (TCR), i.e., 9.7 × 10−3 Ω/K and 2.1 × 10−2 Ω/K, respectively, marked by red straight lines over the green line in Figure 5a. It is similar to the

• , from impurities and imperfections. Further cooling results in the phase transition to the superconducting state as it is shown in Figure 5b. The RRR value of 5.2 and the room-temperature resistivity of 42.5 μΩ·cm for the 30 nm thick VN film are among the best values obtained to date [42][43][44][45

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• excellent optical and electrical properties [4][5]. It is a wide-bandgap material (3.6–4.0 eV) with low electrical resistivity. ITO contains the rare and expensive metal indium, which is reflected in the market value of the material [6]. Hence, a reduction of the ITO consumption is desirable. ITO films with

• smaller thickness would result in high optical transmittance in the visible region. However, the resistivity would increase, which is an issue [4][7][8]. Therefore, the search for new material compositions and structures of ITO-based films to enhance the performance in optoelectronic devices is of

• improve the transport from the lower to the upper part of the device [9]. The good adhesion, low resistivity, and the stability against oxidation and corrosion of Al films make them suitable for application in optical and electronic devices [18][19][20]. The low resistivity and relatively high

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• , slit width 1 nm). Deionized water with a resistivity >18.0 MΩ cm was used to prepare the solutions. The deionized water was obtained from a Millipore-Q purification system. Recording of the absorption spectra of the mixtures of pillar[5]arenes 3 and 4 (1 × 10−5 М) with AgNO3 (1 × 10−4 М) was carried

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• resistivity (ρ) of 100–150 nm thick Sb2S3 films on glass/TiO2 substrate was measured by the collinear four-wire technique and by van der Pauw measurements to be in the range of 2–3 × 106 Ω cm, as anticipated. Figure 3b shows the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of solar cells with 70, 100 and 150 nm thick

• solar cells with Sb2S3 grown by USP as the following: (1) enlarging the cell area causes FF loss, possibly because of minute, nontrivial discrepancies in layer thickness of Sb2S3, and particularly P3HT; (2) enlarging the cell area introduces loss in JSC and loss in FF due to the large resistivity of the

•  1 [71]: where λ is the wavelength, and T(λ) (%) is the total transmittance at λ. The resistivity of Sb2S3 layers on glass/TiO2 substrate was measured at room temperature in dark by using the van der Pauw technique (MMR Technologies H50) and collinear four-wire I–V sensing (Eco Chemie BV, AutoLab

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• measurements provide information about the different factors limiting solar cell efficiency: charge storage, carrier lifetimes, recombination and resistivity [60]. Figure 8 shows the IS measurements (Nyquist plot) and the corresponding simulations (with the equivalent circuit model presented in Figure 8c) of

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• , resistivity 18.2 MΩ cm). Synthesis of dendrons The approach to the synthesis of the dendrons C2F5OEG8Den and C4F9OEG8Den is described in [47]. From the intermediate D2-2P, the piperazine unit was installed in two steps (Scheme 1): 1) deprotection of the tert-butyl group and 2) amide coupling by using HATU

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• nitrate (AgNO3, Strem), and ethanol (Aaper). N-Isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM, 99%) and acrylic acid (AAc, 99.5%) were obtained from Acros. Water was purified to a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm (Academic Milli-Q Water System; Millipore Corporation) and filtered using a 0.22 μm filter to remove any impurities. All

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

• Elvira Rozhina,
• Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
• Svetlana Batasheva,
• Farida Akhatova and
• Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

• Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (P(AAm-co-DADMAC), rhodamine B, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (РАН) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Millipore water (specific resistivity 18 MΩ·cm at 25 °C) was used in all experiments. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) of 95–98% purity

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• -dihydroxybenzoic acid, and D2O were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dotite was purchased from Nisshin EM Corporation. All other reagents were purchased from Nacalai Tesque. Ultrapure water with a resistivity greater than 18.2 MΩ cm was supplied by a Milli-Q Advantage A-10 apparatus (Merck Millipore) and used

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• %, Fluka), MgCl2·6H2O (99%, Carlo Erba), NaOH (≥98%, Fluka), ZnCl2 (>98%, Fluka). Deionized water (resistivity = 18.2 MΩ·cm) was obtained with a Maxima Ultrapure Water from Elga. Preparation of MCPA-LDH/sepiolite nanoarchitectures MgAl-LDH/sepiolite (LDH/Sep) nanoarchitectures were prepared following the

Superconducting switching due to a triplet component in the Pb/Cu/Ni/Cu/Co₂Cr_1−xFe_xAl_y spin-valve structure

• Andrey Andreevich Kamashev,
• Nadir Nurgayazovich Garif’yanov,
• Aidar Azatovich Validov,
• Joachim Schumann,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Yakov Victorovich Fominov and
• Ilgiz Abdulsamatovich Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1458–1463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.144

• magnetic field of 3 kOe possibly due to some magnetic inhomogeneity of the HA layer. We note that the magnetic response from the Ni layer cannot be resolved here due to its small value. The electrical resistivity was measured using the standard four-point method. The top insulating layer (Si3N4) was

• mechanically removed from the areas where the golden wires should be attached using a silver paste. The quality of the Pb layer can be judged from the residual resistivity ratio (RRR): Here, R(T) is the measured resistance at a given temperature T, ρph(300 K) is the phonon contribution to the specific

• resistivity at 300 K, and ρ(10 K) is the residual resistivity at 10 K (i.e., above Tc). For our samples this ratio amounted to RRR = 10–12, which corresponds to a SC coherence length of ξS = 41–45 nm (for details see [21]). The critical temperature Tc is defined as the midpoint of the SC transition curve. Its

Kelvin probe force microscopy of the nanoscale electrical surface potential barrier of metal/semiconductor interfaces in ambient atmosphere

• Petr Knotek,
• Tomáš Plecháček,
• Jan Smolík,
• Petr Kutálek,
• Filip Dvořák,
• Milan Vlček,
• Jiří Navrátil and
• Čestmír Drašar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1401–1411, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.138

• harm to other transport parameters. The characterization of NIs or NPs in TE materials is realized most frequently by the different modes of atomic force microscopy (AFM): i) by comparing the conductivity/resistivity (CAFM) or I–V curves measurement in the direct-contact of the conductive tip and the

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• in all the experiments was purified by using a Milli-Q Advantage A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) with a resistivity higher than 18.2 MΩ·cm. Fabrication of the paper-based Ag-NP/cellulose-NF composites The silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were deposited onto the surface of the cellulose

Synthesis of MnO₂–CuO–Fe₂O₃/CNTs catalysts: low-temperature SCR activity and formation mechanism

• Yanbing Zhang,
• Lihua Liu,
• Yingzan Chen,
• Xianglong Cheng,
• Chengjian Song,
• Mingjie Ding and
• Haipeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 848–855, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.85

• (NO3)2·3H2O (AR), Fe(NO3)·9H2O (AR) and ethanol (AR) were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Ltd. All chemical were used without further purification. Deionized water with a resistivity above 18.0 MΩ·cm was obtained from a JL-RO100 Millipore-Q Plus. Modification of CNTs and the synthesis of MnO2

Features and advantages of flexible silicon nanowires for SERS applications

• Hrvoje Gebavi,
• Vlatko Gašparić,
• Dubravko Risović,
• Nikola Baran,
• Paweł Henryk Albrycht and
• Mile Ivanda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 725–734, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.72

• ]. In short, Si wafers (<100> orientation, 5–10 Ω·cm resistivity, p-type) were cleaned following the standard RCA (Radio Corporation of America) cleaning processes [24], followed by Au sputtering in a Polaron E5000 sputter coater at ca. 5·10−4 mbar work pressure. Prior to VLS synthesis, annealing in

Enhancement in thermoelectric properties due to Ag nanoparticles incorporated in Bi₂Te₃ matrix

• Srashti Gupta,
• Dinesh Chandra Agarwal,
• Bathula Sivaiah,
• Sankarakumar Amrithpandian,
• Kandasami Asokan,
• Ajay Dhar,
• Binaya Kumar Panigrahi,
• Devesh Kumar Avasthi and
• Vinay Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 634–643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.63

• conductivity with increase in Ag content in Bi2Te3 may be due to the enhanced carrier scattering at the interfaces of metal and semiconductor [20] and due to the presence of oxygen in all samples. An earlier report also suggests that the electrical resistivity of PbTe can increase up to 2–3 orders of magnitude

Effects of post-lithography cleaning on the yield and performance of CVD graphene-based devices

• Eduardo Nery Duarte de Araujo,
• Thiago Alonso Stephan Lacerda de Sousa,
• Luciano de Moura Guimarães and
• Flavio Plentz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 349–355, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.34

• holes. Figure 5 shows that graphene conductivity, σ, behaves as a sublinear function of the gate voltage, Vg. This sublinear behavior is associated to a weak-point disorder in graphene, which emerges as a carrier density independent residual resistivity, ρs. The strong disorder and the charged-impurity

• disorder are responsible for the resistivity (μne)−1, in which μ is the mobility and n is the carrier density [8][21]. Since n = αVg, where α = 7.2 × 1010 cm−2, we were able to find the resistivity ρs that linearizes the relation where ρ = 1/σ is the measured resistivity of graphene [24]. Then, the