Organic and inorganic–organic thin film structures by molecular layer deposition: A review

• Pia Sundberg and
• Maarit Karppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1104–1136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.123

• with a self-assembled monolayer of 11-amino-1-undecanethiol. According to the investigations by Yoshimura et al. [78] the polymer wires grew in upward directions. Later experiments showed that that the first six cycles yielded a GPC value of 10 Å per cycle, after which the growth rate started to

Growth and characterization of CNT–TiO₂ heterostructures

• Yucheng Zhang,
• Ivo Utke,
• Johann Michler,
• Gabriele Ilari,
• Marta D. Rossell and
• Rolf Erni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 946–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.108

• surfaces are also non-reactive and are used to render the ALD process selective in self-assembled monolayer molecules [23]. Only surface defects on CNTs and graphene allow for the chemisorption of metal-organic precursor molecules. Basically, surface functional groups need to be generated on pristine

Classical molecular dynamics investigations of biphenyl-based carbon nanomembranes

• Andreas Mrugalla and
• Jürgen Schnack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.98

• ]. These calculations suggest that the regular structure of the precursor self-assembled monolayer (SAM) turns into a disordered sheet. Nevertheless, the simulations of the very small system do not allow definite conclusions about the structure of the extended sheet. On the other hand, the quantum

Nanoscale patterning of a self-assembled monolayer by modification of the molecule–substrate bond

• Cai Shen and
• Manfred Buck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 258–267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.28

• self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and a Au(111)/mica substrate by underpotential deposition (UPD) is studied as a means of high resolution patterning. A SAM of 2-(4'-methylbiphenyl-4-yl)ethanethiol (BP2) prepared in a structural phase that renders the Au substrate completely passive against Cu-UPD, is

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• -epitaxial layer-by-layer method (liquid-phase epitaxy, or LPE). The chemical termination of the supporting substrate is crucial, because the most convenient method for substrate modification is the formation of a suitable self-assembled monolayer. The choice of a particular SAM also allows for control over

• in-situ synthesis, which was introduced by Bein et al. [15]. In this synthesis the MOF crystals are grown by dipping a gold coated substrate, which is terminated with a thiol-based self-assembled monolayer (SAM), into a solution containing a mixture of the metal nodes and the organic linkers. As a

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• ) substrates with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 1-dodecene molecules as a surface coating. The monolayer preparation was carried out in three steps: cleaning, native-oxide removal, and monolayer formation (radical chain reaction); see also [25][44]. The substrates have been cleaned by ultrasonication in

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• printing and solvent-assisted micromolding techniques. Microcontact printing involves the use of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) stamp with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coating to print the substrate surface by transfer of the SAM (e.g., alkysiloxane). A photoresist solution is deposited in the areas not

Sub-10 nm colloidal lithography for circuit-integrated spin-photo-electronic devices

• Adrian Iovan,
• Marco Fischer,
• Roberto Lo Conte and
• Vladislav Korenivski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 884–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.98

• technique using spin-torque and spin-flip photoemission material combinations, considered promising for gigahertz oscillators and terahertz lasers. Results and Discussion Self-assembled monolayer of nanoparticles The most widely used colloidal lithography medium is polystyrene nanoparticles in aqueous

• Self-assembled monolayer process sequence: The first step of the spinning sequence allowed the particles to gently segregate onto the substrate and, to a large extent already here, form a hexagonal pattern. The second step of spinning at a higher speed (rpm) prevented formation of additional layers of

• tests showed that the use of Triton X is problematic for later processing during the device-integration steps. Traces of Triton remaining on the surface produce residue that prevents reliable integration. We therefore selected the route of forming large-area self-assembled monolayer arrays of

Assessing the plasmonics of gold nano-triangles with higher order laser modes

• Laura E. Hennemann,
• Andreas Kolloch,
• Andreas Kern,
• Josip Mihaljevic,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer,
• Alfred J. Meixner and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 674–683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.77

• either onto an avalanche photodiode (APD) or onto a grating spectrometer coupled with a liquid nitrogen cooled CCD camera. The samples were prepared by colloid lithography. Via drying of a strongly diluted colloidal suspension, a self-assembled monolayer of polystyrene spheres was created on a substrate

• triangles interrupted by slightly larger gold structures. The latter result from dislocations within the self-assembled monolayer of the polystyrene spheres [9][10]. 2. Confocal luminescence patterns of gold Fischer patterns We performed confocal scanning images of six Fischer patterns of different triangle

Polymer blend lithography: A versatile method to fabricate nanopatterned self-assembled monolayers

• Cheng Huang,
• Markus Moosmann,
• Jiehong Jin,
• Tobias Heiler,
• Stefan Walheim and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.71

• growth of ZnO nanostructures [1]. Keywords: breath figure; nanopatterned template; polymer blend lithography (PBL); self-assembled monolayer (SAM); self assembly; spin coating; vapor phase; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are well-known and have been intensively studied for many years

• be dissolved independently afterwards by using a selective solvent. The remaining morphology is later on applied directly as a lithographic mask to fabricate nanopatterned self-assembled-monolayer (SAM) templates. Performed at higher humidity, our technique combines polymer-blend phase separation

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• -assembled monolayer; surface-attached metal–organic framework; Introduction Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a fascinating class of organic–inorganic hybrid materials with nanometer-sized pores. The size and density of the pores renders these materials with extraordinary large free volumes and inner

• lithography, the lateral distribution of the functional groups could be determined in such a way that the highly localized deposition of the SURMOF films became possible. Keywords: electron-beam lithography; irradiation-promoted exchange reaction; microcontact printing; radiation-induced nanostructure; self

Radiation-induced nanostructures: Formation processes and applications

• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 533–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.61

• –liquid–solid approach and the preparation of monolayers of metal–organic frameworks attached to the functional groups of a self-assembled monolayer (see, e.g., [1][2][3][4]). Not as wide-spread, but rapidly developing, is the technique of focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) [5]. In this

Macromolecular shape and interactions in layer-by-layer assemblies within cylindrical nanopores

• Thomas D. Lazzara,
• K. H. Aaron Lau,
• Wolfgang Knoll,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Claudia Steinem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.54

• macromolecular species on flat surfaces with that in nanopores. LbL deposition on flat surfaces was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) by using gold substrates with a negatively charged self-assembled monolayer of mercaptohexadecanoic acid. The formation of protein multilayers was achieved by using

Colloidal lithography for fabricating patterned polymer-brush microstructures

• Tao Chen,
• Debby P. Chang,
• Rainer Jordan and
• Stefan Zauscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 397–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.46

• obtained by sputter deposition of the metal [2][4]. When gold is chosen as the metal, the ensuing pattern can be easily functionalized chemically with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of a thiol initiator, which can be subsequently amplified into polymer brushes. Figure 1 shows this strategy for the

• a large amount of thiol. Such an approach was first reported by Taylor and co-workers [10], who described a simple CL technique to fabricate substrates with hexagonally patterned dots of protein surrounded by a protein-repellant layer of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). In that work, a self-assembled

• monolayer of latex spheres served as a lithographic mask to selectively graft a thin layer of PEG around the footprint of the microspheres. After removal of the spheres, a periodic pattern of holes in the protein-repellant PEG layer was exposed, and proteins could be selectively adsorbed onto the underlying

Functionalised zinc oxide nanowire gas sensors: Enhanced NO₂ gas sensor response by chemical modification of nanowire surfaces

• Eric R. Waclawik,
• Jin Chang,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Isabella Concina,
• Dario Zappa,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Nunzio Motta,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 368–377, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.43

• & Brescia University, Chemistry & Physics Department, Via Valotti 9, 25133 Brescia, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.3.43 Abstract Surface coating with an organic self-assembled monolayer (SAM) can enhance surface reactions or the absorption of specific gases and hence improve the response of a metal oxide (MOx

• target are positive results arising from the coating of these ZnO nanowire sensors with organic-SAM-functionalised ZnO nanoparticles. Keywords: gas sensor; nanowire; tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane; self-assembled monolayer; zinc oxide; Introduction Semiconductor gas sensors have been extensively

• in response caused by sensor batch variations being misconstrued as a result of the functionalisation process. The first ligand studied was dodecanethiol (DT), which can readily form a self-assembled monolayer at the ZnO surface simply by exposure of the nanowires to an ethanolic solution containing

Self-assembly of octadecyltrichlorosilane: Surface structures formed using different protocols of particle lithography

• ChaMarra K. Saner,
• Kathie L. Lusker,
• Zorabel M. LeJeune,
• Wilson K. Serem and
• Jayne C. Garno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 114–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.12

• ; nanopatterning; nanostructures; octadecyltrichlorosilane; particle lithography; self-assembled monolayer; self-assembly; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organosilanes have become important as surface resists and functional coatings for micro- and nanopatterning applications [1][2][3][4][5][6][7

Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-coated ionic liquid drops: Micro-reactors for homogenous catalytic reactions at designated interfaces

• Xiaoning Zhang and
• Yuguang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 33–39, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.4

• chemical patterns (partially degraded octadecyltrichlorosilane, OTSpd) were fabricated on the self-assembled monolayer of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) film using the scanning probe deep oxidation lithography method [9]. The OTSpd pattern is a high energy, lyophilic surface whereas the OTS background is a

X-ray spectroscopy characterization of self-assembled monolayers of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with variable chain length

• Hicham Hamoudi,
• Ping Kao,
• Alexei Nefedov,
• David L. Allara and
• Michael Zharnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 12–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.2

• [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], in-wire junctions [9], and cross-nanowire junctions [19]. For most of these measurements the molecular wires were assembled on a conductive substrate, serving as the bottom electrode, by using self-assembled monolayer (SAM) methods. For this purpose, oligomeric chains

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• , demonstrating the usefulness of using SAM mediators. The same concept of using SAMs as mediators was demonstrated in a system comprising quantum dots and self-assembled-monolayer-coated titanium dioxide. Here, cadmium–sulfur–selenium (CdSSe) quantum dots were physically attached to hydrothermally synthesized

• configuration. Here, a self-assembled monolayer of a carotenoid (trans-8'-apo-β-caroten-8'-oic acid) was adsorbed on TiO2. Long-chain molecules of pheophytin were immobilized in between the long-chain carotenoids by virtue of VdW forces. It was shown that excitation of the pheophytin molecules by 670 nm light

• implemented in devices that are constructed on other substrates. As an example, a self-assembled monolayer of 5-cyano-2-(butyl-4-phosphonic acid)-3-butylthiophene (CNBTPA) was formed on TiO2 by using its phosphonic acid group as a binding group. Once chemisorbed, the monolayer served to attach molecules of α

Direct monitoring of opto-mechanical switching of self-assembled monolayer films containing the azobenzene group

• Einat Tirosh,
• Enrico Benassi,
• Silvio Pipolo,
• Marcel Mayor,
• Michal Valášek,
• Veronica Frydman,
• Stefano Corni and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 834–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.93

• computation; self-assembled monolayer; Introduction Molecule-based motors have great appeal due to their addressability, small size, and the possibility to incorporate them into unique structures. Molecules containing the azobenzene functionality are good candidates for converting light into mechanical work

Mechanical characterization of carbon nanomembranes from self-assembled monolayers

• Xianghui Zhang,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 826–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.92

• was prepared on a rectangular opening in a silicon substrate by using the procedure described previously [9]. The CNM was formed from a self-assembled monolayer of 4'-[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propoxy]-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carbonitrile (CBPS) on silicon nitride membranes, which was cross-linked with a dose of

Effect of the environment on the electrical conductance of the single benzene-1,4-diamine molecule junction

• Shigeto Nakashima,
• Yuuta Takahashi and
• Manabu Kiguchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 755–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.83

• solution. For comparison, the conductance measurement was also performed without solution. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of BDA on the Au substrate was prepared by exposing the substrate to methanol solution containing 10 mM BDA overnight. The conductance measurements were performed in N2 gas. Results

STM visualisation of counterions and the effect of charges on self-assembled monolayers of macrocycles

• Tibor Kudernac,
• Natalia Shabelina,
• Wael Mamdouh,
• Sigurd Höger and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 674–680, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.72

• starting material for the synthesis of 2. Figure 3a shows such typical STM image of a self-assembled monolayer containing a mixture of 2 and 1 at the TCB/HOPG interface. Scanning of larger areas reveals that the rims of the macrocycles present two different types of contrast (Figure 3a,b). One population

• structures. Consequently, based on the high resolution STM images (Figure 3b), we excluded the possibility that the two different contrasts that we observe arise from different orientations of the same molecule. Therefore, we conclude that the self-assembled monolayer is indeed formed by co-assembly of 1 and

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopic imaging of patterned thiol monolayers

• Johannes Stadler,
• Thomas Schmid,
• Lothar Opilik,
• Phillip Kuhn,
• Petra S. Dittrich and
• Renato Zenobi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 509–515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.55

• Raman spectroscopy (TERS) was used to measure the distribution of two isomeric thiols (2-mercaptopyridine (2-PySH) and 4-mercaptopyridine (4-PySH)) in a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface. From a patterned sample created by microcontact printing, an image with full spectral information in

• analyte in a short time, allowing acquisition of Raman images of a surface area covered with weakly scattering molecules. The information from such a Raman image was used here to chemically identify and localize two different thiol isomers in an inhomogeneous self-assembled monolayer (SAM). In this work

Towards multiple readout application of plasmonic arrays

• Dana Cialla,
• Karina Weber,
• René Böhme,
• Uwe Hübner,
• Henrik Schneidewind,
• Matthias Zeisberger,
• Roland Mattheis,
• Robert Möller and
• Jürgen Popp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 501–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.54

• conditions (35 W, 30 s) before usage. To prevent nonspecific interactions of the DNA strands with the metallic surface through the DNA bases, the plasmonic arrays were incubated in a 10 mM ethanolic solution of octanethiol, providing a lipophilic protection layer (here: Self assembled monolayer (SAM)) on the