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Search for "solar cell" in Full Text gives 96 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Gas-sensing behaviour of ZnO/diamond nanostructures

  • Marina Davydova,
  • Alexandr Laposa,
  • Jiri Smarhak,
  • Alexander Kromka,
  • Neda Neykova,
  • Josef Nahlik,
  • Jiri Kroutil,
  • Jan Drahokoupil and
  • Jan Voves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 22–29, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.4

Graphical Abstract
  • materials and a variety of studies have been carried out to improve the response of these gas sensors [1][2][3][4]. In particular, ZnO nanorods with n-type semiconducting behaviour and large surface-to-volume ratio have attracted great interest due to their wide range of application possibilities in solar
  • cell electrodes, light emitting devices, quantum dots and gas sensors [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The improvement in response of metal-oxide sensors has been observed by several authors, due to the formation of isolated functional layers on the one-dimensional nanostructure surface using metal
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Published 03 Jan 2018

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

  • Bartosz Bartosewicz,
  • Marta Michalska-Domańska,
  • Malwina Liszewska,
  • Dariusz Zasada and
  • Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

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  • titania to be overcome: the limitation of photocatalytic capability to UV light (λ < 400 nm). In addition, they may serve as a precursor for plasmon-sensitized colloidal perovskites, which are materials of great interest for solar cell applications [20]. The limiting factor in the broader use of Ag@TiO2
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Published 05 Oct 2017

Growth and characterization of textured well-faceted ZnO on planar Si(100), planar Si(111), and textured Si(100) substrates for solar cell applications

  • Chin-Yi Tsai,
  • Jyong-Di Lai,
  • Shih-Wei Feng,
  • Chien-Jung Huang,
  • Chien-Hsun Chen,
  • Fann-Wei Yang,
  • Hsiang-Chen Wang and
  • Li-Wei Tu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.194

Graphical Abstract
  • replacement for the metal contact in semiconductor devices. When applied to solar cells, it can eliminate the optical shading effect induced by the conventional metal contact thereby effectively increasing solar cell photocurrent and efficiency. Granular ZnO thin films grown by low pressure chemical vapor
  • sunlight from the metals, but they can also serve the function of antireflection coating (ARC) films, given proper design of the film thickness. A ZnO thin film with appropriate doping could potentially act as the emitter with a Si substrate base to form a heterostructure solar cell. Therefore, in the most
  • optimal case, a single ZnO film can simultaneously act as a contact, ARC, and emitter for a wafer-based silicon solar cell. Such a device would dramatically reduce the manufacture process and associated cost of solar cell production. This example simply illustrates the importance and great potential
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Published 15 Sep 2017

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

  • Jayita Patwari,
  • Samim Sardar,
  • Bo Liu,
  • Peter Lemmens and
  • Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

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  • , Mendelssohnstraße 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.8.171 Abstract In the present study, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and squarine (SQ2) have been used in a co-sensitized dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) to apply their high
  • -circuit photovoltage of the solar cell. The intensity of the incident light (Pin) is 100 mW·cm−2. The wavelength-dependent photocurrent was measured using a custom-made setup, which consists of a Bentham monochromator and two light sources (tungsten and xenon). Results and Discussion In the present study
  • TiO2 surface to be attached with directly. As shown in Figure 6a, SQ2_PPIX is showing higher efficiency and higher photocurrent than PPIX_SQ2. The efficiency and other solar cell parameters are summarized in Table 5. In SQ2_PPIX the first active layer of sensitizer is SQ2. So, PPIX can absorb the
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Published 17 Aug 2017

Spin-chemistry concepts for spintronics scientists

  • Konstantin L. Ivanov,
  • Alexander Wagenpfahl,
  • Carsten Deibel and
  • Jörg Matysik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1427–1445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.143

Graphical Abstract
  • (electron) acceptor, as the photoactive layer. These two materials are combined either as a blend (the resulting architecture is called bulk heterojunction solar cell) or as two adjacent layers, yielding a planar heterojunction solar cell. The key processes for photovoltaic energy conversion in these types
  • harvested by the solar cell concept as described above. This concept allows, therefore, internal up-conversion of incident photons, thus extending the absorption range of the photovoltaic system to the little exploited near-infrared regime of the solar spectrum. Spin dynamics in radical pairs Radical pairs
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Published 11 Jul 2017

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

  • Hanaul Noh,
  • Alfredo J. Diaz and
  • Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

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  • confirms that the aggregates exist on top of the solar cell structure, and is used to remove them and to reveal the underlying active layer. The systematic analysis of the surface aggregates suggests that the structure consists of PCBM molecules. Keywords: conductive atomic force microscopy; Kelvin probe
  • that forward and reverse currents are fully restored. Our systematic approach using combined KPFM, C-AFM and bimodal AFM in polymer solar cell studies can help elucidate unidentified structures at the nanoscale. Experimental Solution preparation Anhydrous 99.8% chlorobenzene (Sigma-Aldrich, 284513) and
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Published 08 Mar 2017

Study of the surface properties of ZnO nanocolumns used for thin-film solar cells

  • Neda Neykova,
  • Jiri Stuchlik,
  • Karel Hruska,
  • Ales Poruba,
  • Zdenek Remes and
  • Ognen Pop-Georgievski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 446–451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.48

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  • surface properties of ZnO NCs and the binding state of present elements were investigated before and after different plasma treatments, typically used in plasma-enhanced CVD solar cell deposition processes, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) was used to
  • . Solar cell deposition is a multistep process during which different plasma processes are being used. Oxygen plasma is applied for both, activation of the surface and stripping of the polymer mask used for fabrication of periodically ordered ZnO NCs, while hydrogen plasma is usually used immediately
  • before the deposition of the active solar-cell layer for directly increasing the electrical conductivity. The employed plasma treatments could significantly influence the concentration of defects and free carriers, reflected in the defect and free-carrier adsorption, and consequently impact the
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Published 16 Feb 2017

Role of oxygen in wetting of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces at elevated temperature

  • Tapas Ghosh and
  • Biswarup Satpati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 425–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.45

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  • voltage for a p-CuO/n-Si heterojunction solar cell is 0.33 V [26] and after improving the crystalline quality and the interface quality between the CuO and the Si, an increased open circuit voltage of 0.509 V and a high photocurrent density of 12 mA/cm2 have been achieved [25]. Therefore, it is important
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Published 13 Feb 2017

Functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

  • Antoine R. M. Dalod,
  • Lars Henriksen,
  • Tor Grande and
  • Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

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  • synthesis often leads to poorly crystalline particles [22]. Hydrothermal synthesis [23] is simple and cost efficient [24] and allows for improved crystallinity compared to sol–gel methods [22] giving improved TiO2 characteristics for applications such as photocatalysis and solar cell applications [2][25][26
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Published 31 Jan 2017

Performance of natural-dye-sensitized solar cells by ZnO nanorod and nanowall enhanced photoelectrodes

  • Saif Saadaoui,
  • Mohamed Aziz Ben Youssef,
  • Moufida Ben Karoui,
  • Rached Gharbi,
  • Emanuele Smecca,
  • Vincenzina Strano,
  • Salvo Mirabella,
  • Alessandra Alberti and
  • Rosaria A. Puglisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 287–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.31

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  • dyes extracted from henna and mallow plants. We discuss also their application to different semiconductor structures. The photoelectrode is regarded as an important part in the DSSC where it represents the electron generator of the cell. Solar cell parameters, such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short
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Published 30 Jan 2017

Performance of colloidal CdS sensitized solar cells with ZnO nanorods/nanoparticles

  • Anurag Roy,
  • Partha Pratim Das,
  • Mukta Tathavadekar,
  • Sumita Das and
  • Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 210–221, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.23

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  • AM 1.5). A standard silicon solar cell (serial number 189/PVM351) from Newport, U.S. was used as a reference cell. The active area of the fabricated cells used for photovoltaic measurement was 0.25 cm2. Further, the I–V characteristics under normal light on CdS-sensitized ZnO films were measured
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Published 23 Jan 2017

Tandem polymer solar cells: simulation and optimization through a multiscale scheme

  • Fanan Wei,
  • Ligang Yao,
  • Fei Lan,
  • Guangyong Li and
  • Lianqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 123–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.13

Graphical Abstract
  • realized by increasing the applied voltage on one sub-cell and decreasing the voltage on the other one by the same amount, while keeping the total applied voltage constant. Applying the same rule, the whole J–V curve was acquired by going through all the voltage points. Tandem polymer solar cell
  • through both simplex algorithm and GA. The optimized tandem device parameters were in agreement with those reported in fabricated devices. This work not only provides promising guidance for tandem polymer solar cell fabrication, but also sheds light on the fundamental principles of tandem photovoltaic
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Published 12 Jan 2017

Sb2S3 grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

  • Erki Kärber,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Ilona Oja Acik,
  • Arvo Mere,
  • Valdek Mikli and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

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  • /cm2, a fill factor of 42% and a conversion efficiency of 1.3%. Conversion efficiencies up to 1.9% were obtained from solar cells with smaller areas. Keywords: absorber; chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP); hybrid solar cell; stibnite (Sb2S3); ultrasonic atomization; Introduction A solution-based
  • hole conductor coupled with inorganic materials leads to the notation of a hybrid solar cell [13]. Based on dense TiO2 covered by mesoporous TiO2 and then impregnated with a light harvester, the resulting solar cells are commonly referred to as mesoscopic solar cells [14] the first of which, based on
  • sulfide [27] and tin sulfide [28][29] grown by pneumatic CSP. At the time of the present study, no publications were available on ultrasonically spray-grown Sb2S3, and on the application of any CSP-grown Sb2S3 in a solar cell, apart from a photoelectrochemical cell that showed an efficiency of 0.3% [30
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Published 10 Nov 2016

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

  • Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
  • Lukasz Zajac,
  • Piotr Olszowski,
  • Res Jöhr,
  • Antoine Hinaut,
  • Thilo Glatzel,
  • Bartosz Such,
  • Ernst Meyer and
  • Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

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  • the titania–sensitizer interface. In the following paper, we review the recent scanning probe microscopic research of a certain group of molecular assemblies on rutile titania surfaces as it pertains to dye-sensitized solar cell applications. We focus on experiments on adsorption of three types of
  • ) utilizing titania as a semiconducting electrode has consistently increased [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. In the following paper, we review some of the recent research of molecular assemblies on rutile titania surfaces as it pertains to dye-sensitized solar cell applications. Review Prototypical systems
  • ) islands. Pc molecules There are very few reports available for TiO2 and phthalocyanines in planar heterojunction solar cell applications (see [42] and the references therein). In a few cases among these studies, scanning probe microscopy was used to examine the properties of the Pc/TiO2 interface itself
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Published 09 Nov 2016

The effect of dry shear aligning of nanotube thin films on the photovoltaic performance of carbon nanotube–silicon solar cells

  • Benedikt W. Stolz,
  • Daniel D. Tune and
  • Benjamin S. Flavel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1486–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.141

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  • by solution shearing. It was further suggested that perhaps such films may yield similar improvements in carbon nanotube–silicon solar cell performance [43]. To address this question, we report herein the results of a direct comparison between two sets of solar cells fabricated with either, a
  • trends are somewhat different; the relative difference in sheet resistance is lowest at the two ends of the transmittance range, and is greatest in the middle of the range, whereas the relative difference in the solar cell performance (as seen most clearly in the short circuit current density, Figure 3b
  • optical conductivity with film thickness for random and aligned SWCNT films. The variation of solar cell parameters with nanotube film thickness for films both before (red diamonds) and after (black triangles) DSA, a) open circuit voltage, b) short circuit current density, c) fill factor and, d) power
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Published 20 Oct 2016

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO2 nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

  • Protima Rauwel,
  • Augustinas Galeckas,
  • Martin Salumaa,
  • Frédérique Ducroquet and
  • Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

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  • conduction via the CNT. To date, numerous studies have been reported on the decoration of CNTs with metal oxides including TiO2 [7][8] and ZnO [9] for solar cell applications and SnO2 for gas sensors. Reports on the fabrication of an all carbon nanocomposite combining CNTs, graphene and carbon quantum dots
  • (CQDs) are available [10]. Recently, Yu et. al studied the charge transfer mechanism in CQD–graphene composite and have emphasized its potential as a hot carrier, solar cell material [11]. However, CQDs still need further investigation as their optical properties tend to vary with the synthesis route
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Published 26 Jul 2016

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

  • Saurav Kumar,
  • Sudeshna Bagchi,
  • Senthil Prasad,
  • Anupma Sharma,
  • Ritesh Kumar,
  • Rishemjit Kaur,
  • Jagvir Singh and
  • Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

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  • inorganic materials in order to overcome the intrinsic limitations of ZnO (i.e., poor selectivity and high working temperature) [31][32][33]. Metal/metal oxide–bR hybrids were previously reported for bio-optoelectronic and solar cell applications [7][20]. However, a hybrid structure employing ZnO and bR
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Published 04 Apr 2016

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

  • Marco Notarianni,
  • Jinzhang Liu,
  • Kristy Vernon and
  • Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

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  • ]. Figure 31 shows the best solar cell efficiencies reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in the United States over the last 40 years. Of note is that the organic solar cell efficiencies increased from 4 to 12% (record established by Heliatek in 2013 for a tandem, organic solar cell
  • with fullerene derivatives (electron acceptor material) [188]. The generation of a photocurrent due to light incident upon an organic solar cell device consists of three steps (Figure 32) [189][190]: Photon absorption in the conducting polymer (donor material). Creation of an exciton. An exciton is a
  • 10 years for energy generation and storage. In particular, the possibility to include these nanostructured materials using lightweight flexible substrates, printable inks, low temperature and ambient pressure fabrication tools allows for a dramatic reduction in production costs [15]. Organic solar
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Published 01 Feb 2016

Dependence of lattice strain relaxation, absorbance, and sheet resistance on thickness in textured ZnO@B transparent conductive oxide for thin-film solar cell applications

  • Kuang-Yang Kou,
  • Yu-En Huang,
  • Chien-Hsun Chen and
  • Shih-Wei Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 75–80, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.9

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  • used for thin film, solar cell applications is investigated. The residual strain induced by the lattice mismatch and the difference in the thermal expansion coefficient for thicker ZnO@B is relaxed, leading to an increased surface texture, stronger absorbance, larger grain size, and lower sheet
  • deposit such a transparent, textured, and highly conductive TCO [9]. For thin-film solar cell applications, the LPCVD-grown ZnO can possess an as-grown textured structure to enhance light scattering and to increase the optical path through the solar cell without any post-treatment. Because the structural
  • better transparency. Second, a textured surface can be easily achieved for a ZnO@B film grown by LPCVD, which can enhance light scattering and increase the optical path through the solar cell without any post-treatment. However, many important issues regarding optical and material characteristics in
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Published 20 Jan 2016

Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

  • Benedikt Ifland,
  • Patrick Peretzki,
  • Birte Kressdorf,
  • Philipp Saring,
  • Andreas Kelling,
  • Michael Seibt and
  • Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

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  • resistances describe losses, which reduce the efficiency of a solar cell. The series resistor, RS, consists of all bulk, interface and cable resistances and the parallel resistor, RP, represents losses, for example, leakage currents across the junction due to imperfections. Another important variable is the
  • current in the reverse direction stems from a voltage dependence of JS, where breakdown mechanisms can be excluded. The measurements are performed during the cooling down and heating of the solar cell and deliver reproducible data (the data from heating process is not shown here). In contrast to this
  • across the interface at lower temperatures is increased. Both effects are an important prerequisite for the analysis of the polaronic carriers on the energy conversion in a correlated oxide solar cell. Evaluation of the measured diffusion
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Published 07 Jul 2015

Electronic interaction in composites of a conjugated polymer and carbon nanotubes: first-principles calculation and photophysical approaches

  • Florian Massuyeau,
  • Jany Wéry,
  • Jean-Luc Duvail,
  • Serge Lefrant,
  • Abu Yaya,
  • Chris Ewels and
  • Eric Faulques

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1138–1144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.115

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  • fascinating perspectives to improve exciton dissociation and carrier transport in conjugated polymer composite systems by adapting the polymer properties, for example for solar cell development. PL quantum yields and photoconductivity data of PPV/SWNT composite films converted at Tc = 573 K. (a) photocurrent
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Published 08 May 2015

A simple approach to the synthesis of Cu1.8S dendrites with thiamine hydrochloride as a sulfur source and structure-directing agent

  • Xiaoliang Yan,
  • Sha Li,
  • Yun-xiang Pan,
  • Zhi Yang and
  • Xuguang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 881–885, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.90

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  • attention due to its versatile applications in solar cell, electrochemistry, catalysis, and as a gas sensor [1][2][3][4][5]. Many strategies have been developed to prepare Cu1.8S. A solvent-mediated methodology was employed to synthesize highly crystalline Cu1.8S by element copper and sulfur at room
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Published 01 Apr 2015

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

  • Manuela Scarselli,
  • Paola Castrucci,
  • Francesco De Nicola,
  • Ilaria Cacciotti,
  • Francesca Nanni,
  • Emanuela Gatto,
  • Mariano Venanzi and
  • Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

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  • -sensitized solar cell (DSC) [26]. The CNT-sponge was directly transferred onto a conductive substrate to make a counter electrode (CE), exploiting its good electrical and mechanical properties. A photoelectric conversion efficiency of about 6.2% was achieved for the DSC with a CNT-sponge CE, compared to 7.6
  • % of that with Pt CEs. Recently, our research group showed that 2D films made of pristine MWCNTs can be used as optically active medium for light energy conversion in a solar cell device [27]. Accordingly, we performed a similar measurement using a piece of CNT-sponge, which possesses a self-supporting
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Published 23 Mar 2015

Carrier multiplication in silicon nanocrystals: ab initio results

  • Ivan Marri,
  • Marco Govoni and
  • Stefano Ossicini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 343–352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.33

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  • Engineering, The University of Chicago, 5555 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States 10.3762/bjnano.6.33 Abstract One of the most important goals in the field of renewable energy is the development of original solar cell schemes employing new materials to overcome the performance
  • limitations of traditional solar cell devices. Among such innovative materials, nanostructures have emerged as an important class of materials that can be used to realize efficient photovoltaic devices. When these systems are implemented into solar cells, new effects can be exploited to maximize the harvest
  • of solar radiation and to minimize the loss factors. In this context, carrier multiplication seems one promising way to minimize the effects induced by thermalization loss processes thereby significantly increasing the solar cell power conversion. In this work we analyze and quantify different types
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Published 02 Feb 2015

Low-cost plasmonic solar cells prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis

  • Erki Kärber,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Ilona Oja Acik,
  • Valdek Mikli,
  • Arvo Mere,
  • Ilmo Sildos and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2398–2402, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.249

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  • external quantum efficiency spectra were used to evaluate the solar cell performance. This work investigates the effect of the location of the Au-NP layer deposition (front side vs rear side) in the solar cell and the effect of varying the volume (2.5–10 mL) of the sprayed Au precursor solution. A 63
  • % increase (from 4.6 to 7.5 mA/cm2) of the short-circuit current density was observed when 2.5 mL of the precursor solution was deposited onto the rear side of the solar cell. Keywords: Au nanoparticles; chemical spray pyrolysis; extremely thin absorber; plasmon resonance; solar cell; Introduction The cost
  • , while providing a technologically simple method for solar cell production. Chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) is a simple method to produce thin semiconductor oxide- and sulphide layers and metal nanoparticles (NPs) via thermal decomposition of metal precursor salts. CuInS2 (CIS) is a semiconductor material
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Letter
Published 12 Dec 2014
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