Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• influencing the sensitivity of a gas sensor. In comparison with spherical materials or thin layers, 3D structures exhibit much more active sites, and a complex network of canals enables gaseous reagents to penetrate inside the structure. The smaller the grains, the higher the surface-to-volume ratio for a gas

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• the EQE result, the integrated product the EQE(λ) and solar irradiance IAM1.5(λ) was calculated by using the online tool Open Photovoltaics Analysis Platform, and compared with the JSC obtained from the current–voltage scan. Raman spectra A–D of thin layers grown by spraying solutions with Sb/S

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• copolymer films obtained by spin-coating deposition of block copolymer micellar solutions were transformed into silica nanoporous thin layers by thermal treatment performed in air. This way, the organic templating species (i.e., block copolymers) were degraded and removed, leaving voids which formed the

• the mesoporous silica thin layers Mesoporous silica thin films were synthesized by a sol–gel reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, ≥ 99.0%, Aldrich) in ethanol (≥ 95.0%, Carlo Erba Reagents) under acidic conditions (HCl 37 wt %, Fluka Chemika) as reported in [19]. Different sol–gel solutions

• cm × 15 mm, at 1000 rpm for 20 s, using an 8” Desktop Precision Spin Coating System, model P-6708D vs. 2.0. After deposition, the films were dried in a hood at rt for at least 12 h in order to reach complete evaporation of solvents. Hybrid films were then transformed into silica nanostructured thin

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• functionalized surfaces of implants or prosthesis could be easily modulated from the exterior (e.g., with an ultrasound field), making surfaces either more or less attractive for desired types. Experimental Preparation of GaN nanoparticles Thin layers of GaN were grown on ZnO nanoparticles by hydride vapor phase

The self-similarity theory of high pressure torsion

• Yan Beygelzimer,
• Roman Kulagin,
• Laszlo S. Toth and
• Yulia Ivanisenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1267–1277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.117

• the deformation in two thin layers near the plain surfaces of the anvils. One can verify by direct substitution that a velocity field in the form of two thin layers of simple shear separated by a cylindrical rigid zone is also a solution of the HPT problem for a perfectly plastic body when m = 0. This

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• acid) (PLA), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVBF), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP, poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)) reinforced with particles of SiO2, TiO2 and Bi2O3, particularly in thin layers, are very attractive because of

• , the most frequently used method for the preparation of polymer thin layers is the method of spin-coating, which uses centrifugal force to evenly distribute the polymer solution or melt on the selected substrate. In recent years can be observed a significant increase of interest of composite nanofibres

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• electron-induced chemistry [40]. The RAIRS results further reveal that only sufficiently thin layers are fully decomposed in accord with a limited mean free path of electrons in a solid material [41]. The faster degradation of copper(II) oxalate at 500 eV thus also relates to the ability of these electrons

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• suitable for the Si technology [81]. The first drawback can been resolved by growing thin layers (100–300 nm) of SiC on top of Si substrates, but further development is required for uniform deposition on a large diameter wafer with a low roughness and elimination of the terraces in order to guarantee high

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• exists inside the gap (in the lower row the particles have been marked for clarity). Thirdly, recent reports suggest that the nonlinearity of gold is very strong. The emission of thin layers, boosted by the presence of a plasmon resonance, yields strong signals [40][44]. We wanted to suppress the strong

Single pyrimidine discrimination during voltage-driven translocation of osmylated oligodeoxynucleotides via the α-hemolysin nanopore

• Yun Ding and
• Anastassia Kanavarioti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.11

• thin layers of inorganic materials [6][7][8][9] has led to exploration of both natural and synthetic pores for a number of applications [10][11]. The concept, reintroduced independently by David Deamer and George Church in the context of DNA sequencing, is based on applying a potential across an open

pH-Triggered release from surface-modified poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles

• Manuel Häuser,
• Klaus Langer and
• Monika Schönhoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2504–2512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.260

• higher amounts of counterions in the polyelectrolyte solution leads to a coiled conformation. Many multilayer studies show that in the former case thin layers are formed, while the latter case yields thicker layers [31]. Several studies have dealt in detail with the influence of salt on layer thickness

Nanostructured surfaces by supramolecular self-assembly of linear oligosilsesquioxanes with biocompatible side groups

• Maria Nowacka,
• Anna Kowalewska and
• Tomasz Makowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2377–2387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.244

• cyclic tetravinylsiloxanetetraols [50]. The thiol-ene additions were photoinitiated by 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) (full experimental data can be found in Supporting Information File 1). Thin layers of LPSQ-COOH/X were deposited onto freshly cleaved mica substrates by dip coating from their

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• presence of thin oxide layer on the surfaces of both investigated nanostructures. On the other hand, XRD is not sufficiently sensitive to determine the structures of very thin layers that are composed of several different or amorphous phases. Therefore, the transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy (TMS) has

Observing the morphology of single-layered embedded silicon nanocrystals by using temperature-stable TEM membranes

• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Daniel Hiller,
• Jan Laube,
• Margit Zacharias and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 964–970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.99

• preparation yield when ultrathin layers are concerned. We circumvent this issue in this work by using nanometer thin, free standing silicon nitride membranes to allow for plane view EFTEM analysis without further sample preparation. Thin layers of Si-rich silicon oxynitride (SRON) can be deposited directly on

Capillary and van der Waals interactions on CaF₂ crystals from amplitude modulation AFM force reconstruction profiles under ambient conditions

• Annalisa Calò,
• Oriol Vidal Robles,
• Sergio Santos and
• Albert Verdaguer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 809–819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.84

• ]. This is particularly true when working in air under ambient conditions, where the presence of thin layers of water is ubiquitous even on highly hydrophobic surfaces [8][9][10] and specific interactions (hydration, capillary forces) [11] need to be accounted for, which can be effective at relatively

Kelvin probe force microscopy in liquid using electrochemical force microscopy

• Liam Collins,
• Stephen Jesse,
• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Alexander Tselev,
• M. Baris Okatan,
• Sergei V. Kalinin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 201–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.19

• be effectively described by Equation 2. The extension of KPFM to operation in ionically-active liquids provides an opportunity to study, e.g., multi-layered charge structures in non-polar electrified interfaces and electrochemical potentials of thin layers and surfactants. In isopropanol or milli-Q

Towards bottom-up nanopatterning of Prussian blue analogues

• Virgile Trannoy,
• Marco Faustini,
• David Grosso,
• Sandra Mazerat,
• François Brisset,
• Alexandre Dazzi and
• Anne Bleuzen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1933–1943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.204

• , nanoperforated thin layers, exhibiting hexagonal arrays of nanoperforations aligned perpendicular to the surface of the film surface have been developed [12][13]. These nanoperforated films are particularly appealing to organize isolated bistable dots on a solid surface [14][15]. The elaboration of the oxide

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• precursor for the fabrication of nanostructures by using EBISA on silicon oxide surfaces. An alternative approach could be to use different substrates for EBISA: It was shown recently by our group that it is possible to activate thin layers of large organic molecules (2H-tetraphenyl porphyrin) on metal

Highly NO₂ sensitive caesium doped graphene oxide conductometric sensors

• Carlo Piloto,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Mahnaz Shafiei,
• Elena Taran,
• Dilini Galpaya,
• Cheng Yan and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1073–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.120

• been proven by Yuan et al. [50] that reducing the thickness of the sensing layer below 5 nm results in a significant enhancement of the sensitivity [50]; although other authors claim that very thin layers would result in a not uniform conducting path [18]. The decoration of rGO with Pd nanoparticles

Effect of contaminations and surface preparation on the work function of single layer MoS₂

• Oliver Ochedowski,
• Kolyo Marinov,
• Nils Scheuschner,
• Artur Poloczek,
• Benedict Kleine Bussmann,
• Janina Maultzsch and
• Marika Schleberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 291–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.32

• . 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany Solid State Electronics Department and CeNIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 55, 47058 Duisburg, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.5.32 Abstract Thinning out MoS2 crystals to atomically thin layers results in the transition from an indirect to a direct bandgap material

Kelvin probe force microscopy of nanocrystalline TiO₂ photoelectrodes

• Alex Henning,
• Gino Günzburger,
• Res Jöhr,
• Yossi Rosenwaks,
• Biljana Bozic-Weber,
• Catherine E. Housecroft,
• Edwin C. Constable,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 418–428, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.49

• extraction of Eg by means of SPS is superior to the usual transmission spectra since it is also applicable to thin layers, nanowires, or single nanoparticles and also for opaque samples [18]. Under illumination with a sufficiently low light intensity, the SPV can be assumed to be proportional to the

Probing three-dimensional surface force fields with atomic resolution: Measurement strategies, limitations, and artifact reduction

• Mehmet Z. Baykara,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren,
• Todd C. Schwendemann,
• Harry Mönig,
• Eric I. Altman and
• Udo D. Schwarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 637–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.73

• -spectroscopy experiments [1]. Lastly, let us note that a recently reported alternative method to control tip-apex chemistry involves the in situ deposition of metallic thin layers on commercial Si cantilever apices [56]. In combination with theoretical calculations, maxima in NC-AFM images provided by such

Low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanotubes on indium tin oxide electrodes for organic solar cells

• Andrea Capasso,
• Luigi Salamandra,
• Aldo Di Carlo,
• John M. Bell and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.60

• terms of Voc (40%) and Jsc (30%). Experimental MWCNTs were grown by CVD on borosilicate glass substrates coated by ITO stripes (Kintec Company, 15 Ω/sq, 100 nm thick). The substrates were cleaned by ultrasonic baths in acetone, ethanol and deionized water. Thin layers of Fe (~3 nm) were deposited as a

Imaging ultra thin layers with helium ion microscopy: Utilizing the channeling contrast mechanism

• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Vasilisa Veligura,
• Stefan Lorbek,
• Tijs F. Mocking,
• Antony George,
• Raoul van Gastel,
• Harold J. W. Zandvliet and
• Bene Poelsema

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 507–512, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.58

• demonstrate how thin organic and inorganic layers as well as self-assembled monolayers can be visualized on heavier element substrates by changes in the backscatter yield. Thin layers of light elements on heavy substrates should have a negligible direct influence on backscatter yields. However, using simple

• ion microscopy; ion scattering; thin layers; Introduction The helium ion microscope (HIM) has established itself as a high-performance alternative to the classic scanning electron microscope (SEM). The superior resolution and the outstanding performance on insulating samples are well-known facts [1

• contrast mechanism for BSHe images extends this capability to backscatter images. We demonstrate how hard-to-visualize thin layers of light elements on top of heavier element substrates can be detected in BSHe mode by clever utilization of channeling into the substrate. Experimental All data presented were

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• patterned, ultra-thin layers of ZrO2 were deposited by atomic-layer deposition on the exposed parts of the silicon substrate. The reported spatial resolution was striking: The nominal width of ZrO2 lines and SAM-coated Si lines was approximately 0.5 µm. This relatively high resolution should be attributed