Highly compact refractive index sensor based on stripe waveguides for lab-on-a-chip sensing applications

• Chamanei Perera,
• Kristy Vernon,
• Elliot Cheng,
• Juna Sathian,
• Esa Jaatinen and
• Timothy Davis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 751–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.66

• . First, the RI sensor designs and alignment marks were patterned on a 300 nm bilayer PMMA resist (950 k A4 / 495 k A4 PMMA resist from Microchem GmbH) using electron beam lithography (JEOL-7800 FE-SEM with Raith Quantum Elphy) with a beam current of ≈75 pA and 20 kV acceleration voltage under optimal

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Afterward, the catalytic performance of the prepared catalyst was investigated for the solvent-free synthesis of 1

• by FE-SEM (Cam scan MV2300). The chemical composition of the modified bentonite was measured by EDX performed in a SEM. TEM images were obtained using a Philips-EM-2085 transmission electron microscope with an accelerating voltage of 100 kV. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms were performed on a

• reductant, but also served as a stabilizer for the formation of Cu NPs on the surface of natural bentonite. The obtained Cu NPs/bentonite was fully characterized by XRF, FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, SAED and BET analyses. As depicted in Figure 1, the UV–vis spectra of the plant showed π→π* transitions of

Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte

• Sanghoon Ji,
• Waqas Hassan Tanveer,
• Wonjong Yu,
• Sungmin Kang,
• Gu Young Cho,
• Sung Han Kim,
• Jihwan An and
• Suk Won Cha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184

• deposited on BECs with different thicknesses, whose cross-sectional microstructure was investigated by focused ion beam and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FIB/FE-SEM) imaging: the BECs were 40 nm and 320 nm in thickness. In case of the thinner BEC, a significant amount of ALD YSZ certainly

• research [18][19]. One speculated reason of the longer TPB length for the Cell-A is that more infiltrated ALD YSZ electrolyte into the thinner BEC could have larger BEC–electrolyte contact area, referring to the cross-sectional FE-SEM imaging result of Figure 2A, than the counterpart. Consequently, the

• fabrication processes of the Pt films are close to the ways described in our preview work [24]. Thin film characterization The film density was determined by X-ray reflectometry analysis using the X’Pert Pro (PANalytical, Netherlands) instrument. The surface microstructure was investigated by FIB/FE-SEM

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM Hitachi SU8020) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EMAX Evolution X-Max). The structural properties of both synthesized samples were characterized at room temperature by a Bruker D2 Phaser diffractometer (XRD) equipped with a Cu sealed tube (X-ray source; λ

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• solutions in ultrapure water (for the mineralized TMV particle solution preparation see the previous section) were pipetted on n-Si wafer substrates and air dried. The samples were analyzed in an ultrahigh resolution field emission SEM (FE-SEM; S-5200, Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 30 kV. The TEM analysis

Preparation of Ni/Cu composite nanowires

• Hu Wang,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Ming Li,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1268–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.130

• and applications. The morphology of the samples was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, JSM-7500F, JEOL) operating at 10 kV accelerating voltage, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis was performed with the spectrometer attached to the same SEM. The composition

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• investigated with scanning (FE-SEM, Jeol 7600F) and transmission electron microscopes (TEM Jeol 2100, 200 keV). For the SEM analysis the samples were dispersed in water and the drop of dispersion was deposited on a polished Al sample holder. Prior to the SEM investigation an about 3 nm thick carbon layer was

• reflectance into the absorbance [46]. The optical band-gaps energy (Eg) was determined from the wavelength at which the tangent of the absorbance line intersected the abscissa coordinate. The chemical analysis of the sodium content was done using a FE-SEM equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry

Morphology control of zinc oxide films via polysaccharide-mediated, low temperature, chemical bath deposition

• Florian Waltz,
• Hans-Christoph Schwarz,
• Andreas M. Schneider,
• Stefanie Eiden and
• Peter Behrens

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.83

• CBD steps, HYA was added at different time intervals in order to optimize the quality of the resulting films. The properties of the films were studied by means of field emitting scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements

• originating from the amorphous glass (data not shown). FE-SEM also failed to visualize the seeds on the glass slides, probably due to their small size and the strong electric charging of the substrate. However, indirect evidence of a successful seeding was possible. Contact angle measurements showed that the

• % were observed in the visible range. Combining the results from XRD and FE-SEM investigations to form a cohesive theory, we propose the following mechanism for the film formation, as illustrated in Figure 7. First, the seeds deposited during the first step support the growth of ZnO. On such seeds, an

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

• spheres. Both FE-SEM and TEM images suggested that the average diameter of the magnetite–mesoporous silica spheres was around 150 nm. The mesoporous property of the prepared NPs was demonstrated by N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm studies and the pore size was found to be ca. 3.5 nm. The drug release

Tunable white light emission by variation of composition and defects of electrospun Al₂O₃–SiO₂ nanofibers

• Jinyuan Zhou,
• Gengzhi Sun,
• Hao Zhao,
• Xiaojun Pan,
• Zhenxing Zhang,
• Yujun Fu,
• Yanzhe Mao and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 313–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.29

• a tube furnace in air at 1200 °C for 2 h to obtain pure crystalline Al2O3–SiO2 nanofibers. Characterization The crystalline structure, morphology and PL properties of the final products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Philips X’pert Pro), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE

• -SEM, Hitachi S4800), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM 3000F, JOEL), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, IFS66v/S, 400–4000 cm−1), and fluorescence spectroscopy (RF-540, Shi-Madzu) using a 15 mW, 325 nm, He–Cd laser (spot size of about 1 mm) in addition to a spectroscopy with a FLS

Boosting the local anodic oxidation of silicon through carbon nanofiber atomic force microscopy probes

• Gemma Rius,
• Matteo Lorenzoni,
• Soichiro Matsui,
• Masaki Tanemura and
• Francesc Perez-Murano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 215–222, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.20

• -sputtered atomic carbon in the apex of the silicon tip as a CNF results from the re-deposition of ejected carbon atoms, which have diffused along the surface of the Si conical tip. As-grown CNF morphology is characterized by FE-SEM (Hitachi S-4700 operated at 20 keV) and checked (occasionally) at different

Sequence-dependent electrical response of ssDNA-decorated carbon nanotube, field-effect transistors to dopamine

• Hari Krishna Salila Vijayalal Mohan,
• Jianing An and
• Lianxi Zheng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2113–2121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.220

• scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) image of the as-grown SWCNT array and a fabricated FET containing a single SWCNT connecting the source and drain electrodes. Figure 1c,d shows the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of a single SWCNT with its height profile, and the diameter distribution of SWCNTs

• sequence-dependent trend with sequences G22 and (GA)22 with the best response to dopamine. Furthermore, the sequence-dependent response of ssDNA-decorated SWCNT FETs to DA highlights the discriminating ability of the different SWCNT–ssDNA systems in recognizing different ssDNA–DA interactions. FE-SEM image

Synthesis of Pt nanoparticles and their burrowing into Si due to synergistic effects of ion beam energy losses

• Pravin Kumar,
• Udai Bhan Singh,
• Kedar Mal,
• Sunil Ojha,
• Indra Sulania,
• Dinakar Kanjilal,
• Dinesh Singh and
• Vidya Nand Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1864–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.197

• pattern of pristine and irradiated films. For SEM measurements, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, MIRA II LMH from TESCAN) installed at IUAC with a resolution of 1.5 nm at 30 kV was used. This model has a secondary electron (SE) and a backscattered electron (BSE) detector for imaging

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• . Morphologies of the samples were obtained by a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Hitachi S-4800S. The specific surface areas of the prepared samples were determined by the BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) method on a micromeritics system - AutoChem II 2920. The photoluminescence (PL) signals

Integration of ZnO and CuO nanowires into a thermoelectric module

• Dario Zappa,
• Simone Dalola,
• Guido Faglia,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Matteo Ferroni,
• Caterina Soldano,
• Vittorio Ferrari and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 927–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.106

• ). Samples were then placed in the furnace and oxidized at 400 °C for 12 h in 80% oxygen/20% argon atmosphere (300 sccm flow). Morphological and structural characterization The morphology of the nanowires has been investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM LEO 1525). Samples were attached to

Gas sensing with gold-decorated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Prasantha R. Mudimela,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Oriol González-León,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Rony Snyders,
• Eduard Llobet,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.104

• have a mean diameter of 6 ± 2 nm [24]. Material characterization The alignment and the length of the VA-CNT samples were investigated using field emission SEM (FE-SEM) on a JEOL 7500F microscope. TEM was used to determine the metal cluster size and their localization on the CNTs. For that, a part of

• characterized by using SEM, TEM, and XPS. The FE-SEM images present VA-CNT rugs with different lengths used in the experiments (Figure 1). The length of the CNTs increases linearly with growth time at the beginning and the growth rate decreases after a certain time (depending on the experimental conditions) due

• by the highest effective surface area obtained with 300 µm CNT length for interaction with NO2. Upon studying the influence of humidity level from dry to 50% R.H., a global increase in the sensing response was observed for all the sensors regardless of their lengths. FE-SEM images of sensor devices

Encapsulation of nanoparticles into single-crystal ZnO nanorods and microrods

• Jinzhang Liu,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Llew Rintoul and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.56

• aqueous suspension of 40 nm diameter NDs (0.1 mg/mL) with NV luminescent centres was purchased from Adamas Nanotech. Polystyrene nanobeads (200 nm size) dispersed in water (0.5 mg/mL) were purchased from Polyscience Inc. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Zeiss Sigma) was employed to

• nanorod containing NDs. FE-SEM images showing the encapsulation of 10-nm-diameter NDs into ZnO nanorods and microrods. (a) Thin nanorods with NDs attached to their surfaces. (b) After a second growth process of ZnO nanorods. (c) A close-view of the nanorod, showing the embedment of NDs into the rod and

• regrowth time. FE-SEM images showing the encapsulation of 40-nm-diameter NDs into ZnO nanorods. (a) ZnO nanorods covered with NDs. (b and c) Top- and side-view images of the nanorods after a second growth process, showing the complete encapsulation of NDs into the nanorods. (d) A nanorod shows the

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• carbonization technique. And a polyphenol biosensor was fabricated by blending the obtained CNFs with laccase and Nafion. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were, respectively, employed to investigate the structures and

• electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to examine the surface morphologies of the ECNFs and the laccase–Nafion–ECNFs/GCE. The Raman spectrum analysis was carried out at room temperature using a 3D Nanometer Scale Raman PL Microspectrometer (Tokyo Instruments, Inc., with a 785 nm He–Ne laser). Fourier

Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi^® bionanocomposite

• Hamonangan Nainggolan,
• Saharman Gea,
• Emiliano Bilotti,
• Ton Peijs and
• Sabar D. Hutagalung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 325–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.37

• electron microscope (FE-SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the FBC/Mater-Bi composites. All samples were coated with gold and observed by using an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) experiments were carried out by using a Perkin Elmer Pyris DSC-7 calorimeter

Towards atomic resolution in sodium titanate nanotubes using near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure spectromicroscopy combined with multichannel multiple-scattering calculations

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Peter Krüger,
• Maureen J. Lagos,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo,
• Chris Ewels,
• Polona Umek and
• Peter Guttmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 789–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.88

• 5000, equipped with a monochromatic Al Kα X-ray source. The relative amount of sodium was evaluated to be 12% in accordance with EDS (11%) [FE-SEM (Carl Zeiss, Supra 35 LV)]. TEM image of sodium titanate nanotubes (a) typical region used to record the NEXAFS–TXM data. (b) HRTEM image revealing the

Ordered arrays of nanoporous gold nanoparticles

• Dong Wang,
• Ran Ji,
• Arne Albrecht and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.74

• . The samples were investigated using an ultra-high-resolution scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, Hitachi S-4800). Particle diameters were recalculated as circular diameters and measured by thresholding the image contrast in the SEM images and counting pixels. The average ligament size, which is