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Search for "X-ray diffraction (XRD)" in Full Text gives 351 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Correction: Photocatalytic antibacterial performance of TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 against S. aureus. P. aeruginosa and E. coli

  • Kiran Gupta,
  • R. P. Singh,
  • Ashutosh Pandey and
  • Anjana Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 547–549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.43

Graphical Abstract
  • results of the article. XRD of TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize as-prepared TiO2 and Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The diameter of crystalline TiO2, 3 wt % Ag-doped TiO2 and 7 wt % Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticles annealed at 450 °C was calculated by the
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Published 03 Apr 2020

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

  • Nicole Fillafer,
  • Tobias Seewald,
  • Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
  • Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

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  • . The suspension was stirred for 1 h, then the particles were centrifuged, washed three times with 3 mL DCM and then dried under reduced pressure. The samples were kept under nitrogen atmosphere to prevent decomposition. Characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements of drop-cast particles on
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Published 17 Mar 2020

Synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic performance of 0D/2D CuO/tourmaline composite photocatalysts

  • Changqiang Yu,
  • Min Wen,
  • Zhen Tong,
  • Shuhua Li,
  • Yanhong Yin,
  • Xianbin Liu,
  • Yesheng Li,
  • Tongxiang Liang,
  • Ziping Wu and
  • Dionysios D. Dionysiou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 407–416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.31

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  • product was named CuO/tourmaline-1:1 (1:1 in mass ratio of the CuO/tourmaline). By controlling the dosage of Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O and NaOH in proportion the CuO/tourmaline composites in different mass ratios of the CuO/tourmaline were acquired. Characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained
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Published 02 Mar 2020

Facile biogenic fabrication of hydroxyapatite nanorods using cuttlefish bone and their bactericidal and biocompatibility study

  • Satheeshkumar Balu,
  • Manisha Vidyavathy Sundaradoss,
  • Swetha Andra and
  • Jaison Jeevanandam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 285–295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.21

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  • ) nanorods using cuttlefish bone powder as a precursor (CB-Hap NRs). The obtained CB-Hap NRs were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques to evaluate their
  • setup via an oil bath approach to synthesize Hap nanorods from cuttlefish bone powders and optimize their synthesis parameters. The systematic characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to
  • ]. Characterization of cuttlebone-Hap nanorods X-ray diffraction The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was carried out using an X-ray powder diffractometer (Bruker, Model D8 Advance) to study the crystallinity and phase formation of Hap nanorods. CB powder samples (ball milled) and CB-Hap NR powder was gently ground using a
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Published 04 Feb 2020

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

  • Pallellappa Chithaiah,
  • Madhan Mohan Raju,
  • Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
  • C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

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  • force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples were collected in the range of 10–70° (2θ) using a Bruker D8 diffractometer with a Cu Kα source (λ = 0.154178 nm). The morphology of the samples was examined using a Tescan
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Published 07 Jan 2020

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

  • Markus Tautz,
  • Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
  • Joachim Hertkorn,
  • Robert Weinberger,
  • Martin Welzel,
  • Arno Pfitzner and
  • David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

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  • ICP-OES analysis. Methods PLM images were recorded directly after epitaxy on an Olympus BX51 microscope combined with an Olympus U-RFL-T UV light source. For excitation, 408 nm wavelength light was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was measured on a Bruker/Jordan Valley QC Velox. Scanning electron
  • structure of a GaN layer stack grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) was varied in the unintentionally doped u-GaN bulk region. Different sequences of 2D and 3D grown layers led to a variation in dislocation density, which was monitored by photoluminescence microscopy (PLM) and X-ray
  • diffraction (XRD). Thin-film processing including laser lift off (LLO) was applied. The influence of epitaxial changes on the N-face etch kinetics was determined in aqueous KOH solution at elevated temperature. Inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to measure the etch
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Published 03 Jan 2020

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

  • Maximilian Wassner,
  • Markus Eckardt,
  • Andreas Reyer,
  • Thomas Diemant,
  • Michael S. Elsaesser,
  • R. Jürgen Behm and
  • Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

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  • (Shirley background; peak shape: 70% Gaussian/30% Lorentzian) was carried out using the CasaXPS software package. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed using a Bruker D8 Advance instrument (Bruker Karlsruhe), employing Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm) in a 2θ range of 5° to 80° (0.02
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Published 02 Jan 2020

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe2O4/rGO gas sensors

  • Kaidi Wu,
  • Yifan Luo,
  • Ying Li and
  • Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

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  • rate of 5 °C/min to reduce GO to rGO [33][34], and five samples were obtained: hollow spheres of pure ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/rGO composite spheres with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 wt % of rGO. Characterization methods The crystal phases of pure ZnFe2O4 and the ZnFe2O4/rGO composites were characterized by X-ray
  • diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance) using Cu Kα radiation at room temperature. The 2θ range was 10−80°, and the scanning rate was 5°·min−1. The microscopic morphology and the size of all samples were observed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer
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Published 16 Dec 2019

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

  • Cynthia Kembuan,
  • Maysoon Saleh,
  • Bastian Rühle,
  • Ute Resch-Genger and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

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  • , 20 and 40 ppm) or erbium standard for ICP (c(Er3+) = 1, 5 and 10 ppm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements A minimum amount of 10 mg of dried particles were used for the XRD measurements. The XRD device was a Rigaku SmartLab 3 kW with a DTex Ultra 250 detector (40 kV, 30 mA) equipped with a Cu Kα1
  • particles of similar sizes [58][60][61]. Since the surface of the particles corresponds to that of particles from a standard Stöber synthesis, the colloids can be functionalized with the same diverse methods as Stöber silica particles [58]. Figure S5 in Supporting Information File 1 shows X-ray diffraction
  • (XRD) measurements of the oleate-coated UCNP cores C1 and the same particles after the growth of two, three, four and five additional silica shells (samples C1_2S, C1_3S, C1_4S, and C1_5S). These data exclude a possible influence of the silica shell on the crystallinity of the UCNP core. The cores have
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Published 09 Dec 2019

Semitransparent Sb2S3 thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

  • Jako S. Eensalu,
  • Atanas Katerski,
  • Erki Kärber,
  • Lothar Weinhardt,
  • Monika Blum,
  • Clemens Heske,
  • Wanli Yang,
  • Ilona Oja Acik and
  • Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

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  • and back contact is needed to attain an AVT in excess of 20% for the complete solar cell. As-deposited Sb2S3 layers on glass/ITO/TiO2 substrate were amorphous (Figure 1d), as only signals of anatase-TiO2 and In2O3 from the substrate were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In contrast, the XRD
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Published 06 Dec 2019

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

  • Chen Du,
  • Shuo Wang,
  • Xu Miao,
  • Wenhai Sun,
  • Yu Zhu,
  • Chengyan Wang and
  • Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

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  • SUPRA55. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected with a SmartLab from Rigaku at 40 kV and 150 mA by using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15405 nm). The photovoltaic performance of the PSCs was recorded using a Keithley 4200 source meter under one-sun AM 1.5G (100 mW·cm−2) illumination with a solar light
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Published 05 Dec 2019

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS2/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

  • Chengxiang Tian,
  • Juwei Wu,
  • Zheng Ma,
  • Bo Li,
  • Pengcheng Li,
  • Xiaotao Zu and
  • Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

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  • Libra 200). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted to determine the phase of the as-synthesized composites with Cu Kα radiation operated at 40 kV and 30 mA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on a Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD instrument using monochromated Al Kα X
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Published 14 Nov 2019

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe2O4/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

  • B. Rabindran Jermy,
  • Vijaya Ravinayagam,
  • Widyan A. Alamoudi,
  • Dana Almohazey,
  • Hatim Dafalla,
  • Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
  • Abdulhadi Baykal,
  • Muhammet S. Toprak and
  • Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

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  • multifunctional biomedical applications. The crystalline phase, morphology, magnetization, and coordination environment of various spinel species were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis
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Published 12 Nov 2019

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

  • Andrea Giaccherini,
  • Giuseppe Cucinotta,
  • Stefano Martinuzzi,
  • Enrico Berretti,
  • Werner Oberhauser,
  • Alessandro Lavacchi,
  • Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
  • Giordano Montegrossi,
  • Maurizio Romanelli,
  • Antonio De Luca,
  • Massimo Innocenti,
  • Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
  • Matteo Mannini,
  • Antonella Buccianti and
  • Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

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  • . We synthesized three samples using a solvothermal approach, which was carried out under mild conditions in ethylene glycol as a green solvent. We tackled the aforementioned difficulties in phase assignment by means of thorough characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
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Published 29 Oct 2019

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

  • Muhammad A. Zaheer,
  • David Poppitz,
  • Khavar Feyzullayeva,
  • Marianne Wenzel,
  • Jörg Matysik,
  • Radomir Ljupkovic,
  • Aleksandra Zarubica,
  • Alexander A. Karavaev,
  • Andreas Pöppl,
  • Roger Gläser and
  • Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

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  • catalysts were characterized to obtain quantitative information on properties such as crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystal size by laser diffraction, crystal morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pore width by N2 sorption and Hg
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Published 28 Oct 2019

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

  • Natalia E. Gervits,
  • Andrey A. Gippius,
  • Alexey V. Tkachev,
  • Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
  • Sergey S. Starchikov,
  • Igor S. Lyubutin,
  • Alexander L. Vasiliev,
  • Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
  • Maxim A. Abakumov,
  • Alevtina S. Semkina and
  • Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

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  • nanoparticles designed for use as MRI contrast media are precisely examined by a variety of methods: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZF-NMR) spectroscopy. TEM and XRD measurements reveal
  • nanoparticles, has been repeatedly emphasized, and the exact composition of the MNPs is usually determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) or Mössbauer spectroscopy with and without magnetic field [12][13][14]. In this work, we show other options for solving this problem using Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance
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Published 02 Oct 2019

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe2O3 for all-solid-state supercapacitors

  • Shengming Zhang,
  • Xuhui Wang,
  • Yan Li,
  • Xuemei Mu,
  • Yaxiong Zhang,
  • Jingwei Du,
  • Guo Liu,
  • Xiaohui Hua,
  • Yingzhuo Sheng,
  • Erqing Xie and
  • Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

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  • -SEM, Hitachi S-4800) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai F30) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Crystal structures were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Philips, X’pert Pro, Cu Kα, 0.154056 nm). The vibrational information of chemical bonds of samples was
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Published 23 Sep 2019

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

  • Yongcai You,
  • Ruirui Xing,
  • Qianli Zou,
  • Feng Shi and
  • Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

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  • domains (red regions) (Figure 2B) and beta-sheet secondary structures (blue regions) (Figure 2C). Intriguingly, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the presence of sharp peaks, indicating that the hydrogel has long-range, ordered, crystal patterns (Figure 2D). The crystal patterns were further
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Published 18 Sep 2019

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF6 gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

  • Hana Bunzen,
  • Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
  • Leo van Wüllen and
  • Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

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  • molecules left in the pores, thus ensuring that the whole pore volume was available for trapping the SF6 guest. The bulk sample was analyzed before and after the gas loading by conventional analytical methods, including FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SF6-loading
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Published 10 Sep 2019

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

  • Yuuki Hata,
  • Yuka Fukaya,
  • Toshiki Sawada,
  • Masahito Nishiura and
  • Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

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  • discussed further below. The crystal structure of the representative products was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) absorption spectroscopy. The XRD profiles showed three peaks at 2θ (θ is the Bragg angle) of 12.2, 19.9
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Published 26 Aug 2019

TiO2/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

  • Ning Liu,
  • Lu Wang,
  • Taizhe Tan,
  • Yan Zhao and
  • Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

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  • , which guarantees the excellent cyclic stability and desirable rate performance of Li/S batteries. Figure 2a shows X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-spun and as-dealloyed sample. The TiAl foil exhibits Al3Ti (JCPDS 65-2667) and Al (JCPDS 65-2869) phases. After dealloying, the specimen shows a
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Published 19 Aug 2019

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

  • Ediana Paula Rebitski,
  • Margarita Darder and
  • Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

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  • following alginate–zein (A-Z) bionanocomposite beads were prepared: A-Z@MCPA-LDH and A-Z@MCPA-LDH/Sep0.5:1_60C, incorporating the intercalation compound or the hybrid nanoarchitecture, respectively. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer
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Published 09 Aug 2019

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

  • David Hespeler,
  • Sanaa El Nomeiri,
  • Jonas Kaltenbach and
  • Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

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  • a heating rate of 20 K/min between 25 and 300 °C under 80 mL/min nitrogen purge. X-ray diffraction (XRD) To determine the amorphous state and possible residual crystal fractions of rutin in smartPearls, XRD was performed using a Bruker D8 (Bruker, USA) instrument (n = 1). A scan rate of 0.02°/s (2θ
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Published 08 Aug 2019

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

  • Hejin Jiang,
  • Huahua Fan,
  • Yuqian Jiang,
  • Li Zhang and
  • Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

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  • monitored by CD did not show inversion. X-ray diffraction analysis To understand the different structure of the three NCLG compounds, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were further adopted to evaluate the assembled structures of the three gelators. As shown in Figure 4a, for 2NCLG xerogels, a series of
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Published 05 Aug 2019

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

  • Vadim B. Platonov,
  • Marina N. Rumyantseva,
  • Alexander S. Frolov,
  • Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
  • Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

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  • the components in a single homogeneous paste with subsequent thermal annealing. The composition and microstructure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
  • × 0.5 mm in size with the thickness of 5–7 μm. The list of the samples is given in Table 1. Materials characterization The phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a DRON-3 diffractometer (radiation Co Kα, λ = 1.7903 Å). The crystallite size (dXRD) of SiC and ZnO phases in
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Published 26 Jul 2019
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