Utilizing the surface potential of a solid electrolyte region as the potential reference in Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Nobuyuki Ishida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1558–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.129

• -accumulation layer on the negative electrode side [14][15]. Consequently, a voltage drop occurs only close to the interface between the electrode and the solid electrolyte, with the potential within the solid electrolyte region becoming constant, as depicted in Figure 1b. In general, the magnitude of the

• toward the negatively biased electrode, resulting in an ionic current flow. The ion current decays with time and, in principle, becomes zero when the electric field in the solid electrolyte is shielded by the accumulation and depletion of Li ions. Before starting each KPFM measurement, we waited 2–4 min

• shielded by the accumulation and depletion of Li ions. In this experiment, the Au2 electrode was connected to the ground; therefore, the CPD changes at the Au2 electrode were negligibly small, and the potentials at the Au1 electrode were almost the same as the applied voltage. As mentioned above, analyzing

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• hybridisation. As an intercalator for dsDNA, MB was used. The MB intercalates within Watson–Crick base pairs of dsDNA through a thread-like embolism technique. Thus, the sensing signal is based on the accumulation of MB, which is proportional to the hybridised DNA concentration. Thus, it can easily

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• the successful endocytosis of AB-LNPs into 4T1 cells. However, free BDP did not show time-dependent cellular uptake (Figure 4c,d). Compared with free BDP, AB-LNPs showed significantly enhanced uptake efficiency, indicating that the nanoparticles can increase the internalization and accumulation of

• effect (EPR) of tumors, AB-LNPs will have a good tumor accumulation ability. The enhanced cellular uptake efficiency and the laser-responsive release properties of AB-LNPs could further improve the anti-tumor effects. The clinically applicable temperatures for hyperthermia range from 43 to 47 °C since

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• also increased the availability of charge carriers in MBN-80 (Nd: 2.97 × 1019 cm−3) which was found to be significantly greater than that in HBN (Nd: 7.38 × 1018 cm−3). The increased charge density in MBN could be attributed to the accumulation of electrons over the carbon atom which aids in the

• changes in the electronic structure by the formation of C–B and C–N moieties. This also led to the delocalization of electrons and accumulation of additional electrons from the graphitic carbon leading to an increase in charge carrier density within MBN-80. The removal of MB and phenol demonstrated LED

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• oscillation exists in the curve from the punch contacts with the workpiece to the workpiece fracture. This oscillation expresses the stick–slip phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the atomic-scale friction [14][61][62]. The stick phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of atoms in front of the punch, and

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• successfully controlled the long-range chirality recognition of 3-bromonaphthalen-2-ol (BNOL) on a Au(111) surface and proved the recognition force from the herringbone reconstruction-induced accumulation of dipoles at the stripe edge of BNOL [140]. Liu and Li et al. studied the enantiospecific adsorption of α

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• , MSP yielded much greater TA concentrations in the vitreous humor and choroid-retinal complex after 5 min of application. Moreover, the patches were tested with a rabbit eye model. In this case, after 24 h, significantly higher TA accumulation was observed for MSP in comparison to MCP and intravitreal

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• (Figure 2b,c) to prevent the accumulation of the photopolymer resist, inside the solidified concave polymer, when the sample is developed (SU-8 developer) and cleaned (IPA) to remove any remaining photoresist and developer, respectively, after the 2PP process is finished. Analytical design Geometrical

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• the valence band electrons to transition to the conduction band and produce electron-hole pairs. The lifetimes of electrons and holes are quite different [22] and result in accumulation of holes, and then, in order to maintain electrical neutrality of the laser, the electrons in the current are added

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• of structures that often do not correspond to the original wax type [20][42]. Due to the ring-shaped accumulation and the resulting pattern, this effect is called the “coffee drop effect” [47][48]. This undesirable effect can be avoided by the solvent-free process of physical vapor deposition (PVD

• temperatures, reduced humidity, increased UV radiation, or drought stress can lead to increased wax accumulation [55][64][69][70][71]. Therefore, it was also examined whether there were differences in the wax chemistry between the greenhouse plants and the outdoor plants. The results showed hardly any

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• particles. In this way, a higher passive drug targeting effect can be achieved, which was explained by enhanced deformability. The enhanced shape flexibility should lead to a higher extravasation rate and less effective clearance mechanisms. This combination leads to an enhanced particle accumulation in the

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• the autocatalytic response for the electrochemical oxidation/reduction process is an absorption process, the accumulation time is another vital parameter to achieve the highest response for monitoring the amount of parathion residue in samples [35][36]. It has been shown in Figure 6 that as the

• immersion time of the modified electrode in a PT solution increased, the accumulation of PT on the electrode surface also enhanced. It was found that the highest peak current for 10 μM PT was obtained after immersion for 240 s in the PT solution. A further increase in the accumulation time was unaffected as

• variation of reduction peak current with accumulation potential (A), starting potential of scan (B), frequency (C), and pulse amplitude (D) are shown Figure 8A–D. Analytical performance and selectivity of the proposed nanosensor Figure 9A represents SWV curves obtained from the ERGO modified electrode for

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• nuclear accumulation of the cardiomyosin-related transcription factor A, induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in osteosarcoma cells, and thus promote osteosarcoma metastasis [12]. Differences in ECM stiffness do not only affect the development of breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Recent studies on

The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG

• Yiru Wang,
• Xin Zhao,
• Yang Liu and
• Wenjun Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25

• . There is no potential at this stage, so the transferred charge will accumulate in the gap of metal nanoparticles, and the charge accumulation will have a positive impact on the output performance. However, when the substrate area without nanoparticles is too large, the decrease in the number of metal

Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass

• Haoran Ma and
• Roland Bennewitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18

• anodic polarization results in a net positive surface charge [36][37], caused by the accumulation of the dissolved metal cations on the inner layer and strengthens the adhesion of the negatively charged silicon AFM tip [38][39]. Figure 5d depicts schematically this charge buildup at the surface of the

• buffer, the ion transfer is limited by the dissolution rate. Anodic polarization in phosphate buffer with its stronger metal ion dissolution leads to an accumulation of cations on the surface and, thus, to a higher surface charge. In NaCl solution, adhesion increases with immersion time, indicating an

• precipitates into the outer layer. The latter process may be enhanced as a result of hydrate accumulation into supersaturation close to the surface. As the immersion continues, the friction coefficient of the outer layer increases sublinearly with immersion time in phosphate buffer (Figure 5c). The corrosion

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• conversion efficiency and by an accumulation of photosensitizers in tumor sites. ROS-related cancer therapeutics such as photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and chemical dynamic therapy showed great potential to significantly enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer therapeutics [14]. Neoplastic

• ([48V]TiO2NP) anatase nanoparticles by injecting them intravenously into female Wistar rats. The analysis presented higher accumulation in the liver (95.5% after one day), spleen (2.5%), carcass (1%), skeleton (0.7%), and blood (0.4%) while a detectable quantity of nanoparticles was found in all other

• bacterial accumulation in implants, surface modification is increasingly gaining attention. Dental implants have been modified with drug-releasing TiO2 nanotubes to overcome the infection caused by the presence of persistent oral pathogenic microbial biofilms [57]. Their nanometer-sized roughness and

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• oil to spill into water reservoirs. The lipophilic nature of the oil results in the accumulation of oil–water emulsions. Chemical treatments, mechanical recovery, in situ burning, and bioremediation are some of the primary clean-up methodologies for oil spills [65]. ENH membranes have found

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• coordinated threefold with surface tin (Sn 5f); 4-oxygen coordinated fivefold with surface tin (Sn 5f). Figure 4b was reprinted from [53], Surface Science, vol. 577, by Mäki-Jaskari, M. A.; Rantala, T. T.; Golovanov, V. V. “Computational study of charge accumulation at SnO2(110) surface”, pages 127–138

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• space charge polarization). As the frequency decreases, more and more charge accumulation occurs at the electrode and electrolyte interfaces, which leads to a decrease in the number of mobile ions and eventually to a drop in the conductivity at low-frequency values. In the high-frequency region, the

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• structure, inherent rough surfaces, and gaps acting as diffusion channels. Gas-sensing mechanism of fractal structures There are a number of models to explain the function of conductometric SMO gas sensors. For instance, electron depletion layer (for n-type materials) or hole accumulation layer theory (for

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• electrons leading to slow fragmentation and accumulation of the residual precursors. In the case of the molecule-limited regime, the number of secondary electrons exceeds the number of adsorbed precursors, causing dissociation of a larger number of molecules. The realistic experimental time scale for the

• . New precursor molecules are deposited over the area of 14 nm × 14 nm to cover the beam spot while preventing the accumulation of the non-fragmented molecules along the perimeter of the simulation box where the fragmentation probability is very low (see Figure 3B). The density of new molecular layers

• accumulation of Pt atoms enabling the formation of larger metal clusters. The growth of the deposits can be quantified by the total number of atoms and the number of metal atoms in the largest cluster. Figure 5 shows the evolution of maximal cluster size for Edep = 205 and 300 kcal/mol as a function of

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• , facilitating tumor therapy. Selective tumor accumulation was still observed up to 12 h in mice injected with fluorescently labeled (FL-labeled) B-Cur NPs or S-Cur NPs, while mice injected with FL-labeled curcumin showed no significant tumor accumulation after 4 h. In addition, antitumor activity experiments

• exhibited high accumulation and ultra-long tumor retention effects. Importantly, animal experiments demonstrated complete eradication of tumor in mice after injection of PWG NPs and laser irradiation, demonstrating the efficacy of PWG nanoparticles in vivo. Indocyanine green (ICG) is widely used in

• linked by ester bonds, which help to maintain the camptothecin ring stability. The assembly can effectively enhance blood circulation, tumor accumulation and cellular uptake. In addition, arginine-modified camptothecin can be combined with anionic cisplatin–polyglutamic acid through electrostatic

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• . Furthermore, only the former (pH 5 system) exhibited a desirable slower drug release profile, compared to the free drug. NOR-coated IONPs also enable a 22 times higher drug accumulation in macrophages, compared to identical extracellular concentrations of the free drug. Thus, lowering the drug coating pH to 5

• the center-stage in drug delivery applications, wherein they can improve drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and may also increase drug accumulation in both animal cells and bacteria, proving beneficial to overcome drug resistance [1][2]. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), due to their

• have also proven to be beneficial in overcoming multidrug resistance by enabling an increased drug uptake [8]. Similarly, physical combination of stabilized IONPs and anti-tuberculosis drugs improve intracellular drug accumulation through efflux pump inhibition [9] or by enhanced membrane

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• selenide (SnSe); Introduction Thermoelectric (TE) materials convert the direct and reversible heat energy into electrical energy and offer a probable solution and feasible route for power generation alternatives as well as refrigeration through the accumulation of waste heat [1][2][3] or solar energy [4