ZnO-nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor: Effect of nanostructure morphology on the sensing of heavy metal ions

• Marina Krasovska,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Irena Mihailova,
• Andrejs Ogurcovs,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Andrejs Gerbreders and
• Pavels Sarajevs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2421–2431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.227

• , using aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 as analytes with different concentrations. It was found that the sensitivity of the resulting electrochemical sensors depends on the morphology of the ZnO nanostructures: the best results were achieved in the case of porous nanostructures (nanotubes and

• were carried out using these nanostructured ZnO coatings on the working electrodes using aqueous solutions of Pb(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2 as analytes with different concentrations. Experimental Design and fabrication of the ZnO nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor Three morphologies of well-aligned one

• -dimensional ZnO nanostructures were selected for the experiment: nanorods, nanoneedles and nanotubes. The samples were prepared according to the following description. Glass slides (76 × 26 × 1 mm) were precleaned via ultrasonication in aqueous solutions of KOH and H2SO4, followed by several rinses with

Droplet-based synthesis of homogeneous magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Christian D. Ahrberg,
• Ji Wook Choi and
• Bong Geun Chung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2413–2420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.226

• oxide nanoparticles Nanoparticles were synthesized using a coprecipitation reaction as previously described [17]. Briefly, two aqueous solutions were mixed. The first solution contained 0.06 M of FeCl3·6H2O (Alfa Aesar, USA) and 0.03 M of FeCl2∙4H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) dissolved in water. The second

Nanotribology

• Enrico Gnecco,
• Susan Perkin,
• Andrea Vanossi and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2330–2331, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.217

• India, China, Argentina, Cameroon, Russia and USA back to many countries in Old Europe). The covered topics include lubrication, surface preparation and theoretical models of friction at the nanoscale. Regarding the first topic, this Thematic Series gives examples of cutting-edge aqueous solutions

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• fragments [32] and appear due to the reaction conditions (see Experimental section). Because of the presence of mPEG groups, compound 3 can be considered a non-ionic surfactant. It is known, that in aqueous solutions of non-ionic surfactants increasing temperatures leads to phase separation. There are two

• , Supporting Information File 1). The solubilisation of Orange OT and QC in aqueous solutions of 3 and mPEG-550 demonstrated the advantage of the macrocycle in the encapsulation of these substrates (Figure 5a,b). UV–vis spectra of the obtained solutions showed a significant increase of the solubility of

• = 1.5418 Å, (b) Guinier plot ln(I) as a function of s2 with linear regression of the curve; Rg = 53.5 ± 1.8 Å, I(0) = 531 ± 18, r = 0.98. (a) The intensity-averaged particle size distribution of aqueous solutions of 3 at different concentrations; (b, c) TEM images of particles of 3, scale bars: (b) 500 nm

Fabrication of photothermally active poly(vinyl alcohol) films with gold nanostars for antibacterial applications

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Maria Moros,
• Claudia Tortiglione,
• Serena Bertoldi,
• Nicola Contessi,
• Silvia Faré,
• Angelo Taglietti,
• Agnese D’Agostino,
• Piersandro Pallavicini,
• Maddalena Collini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2040–2048, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.193

• surfactants, they were coated with either SH-PEG5000–OCH3 or SH-PEG5000–COOH before being incorporated in the PVA matrix, as PEGylation of gold nanostars leads to enhanced stability [9][10] and complete surfactant removal [6][8].The aqueous solutions of PEGylated GNSs were prepared with 0.6 mg/mL Au

• by spectrophotometric measurements as explained before. At least two biological replicas were conducted to calculate the mean and standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism v.6. Extinction spectra of aqueous solutions of PEGylated GNSs (A) and the PVA-GNS film (B

A visible-light-controlled platform for prolonged drug release based on Ag-doped TiO₂ nanotubes with a hydrophobic layer

• Caihong Liang,
• Jiang Wen and
• Xiaoming Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1793–1801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.170

• , toluene, oxydol, NaBH4, AgNO3, and Zn(AC)2 were purchased from KeLong Chemical (AR, Chengdu, China). Other chemical reagents used in these experiments were of analytical grade and were used directly without further purification. Deionized (DI) water was used to clean and prepare aqueous solutions

Uniform cobalt nanoparticles embedded in hexagonal mesoporous nanoplates as a magnetically separable, recyclable adsorbent

• Can Zhao,
• Yuexiao Song,
• Tianyu Xiang,
• Wenxiu Qu,
• Shuo Lou,
• Xiaohong Yin and
• Feng Xin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1770–1781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.168

• ) has proved to be one of the most effective strategies for enhancing their adsorption performance in aqueous solutions [10][11][12]. Torad et al. [13] reported the high adsorption capacity of porous carbon particles with magnetic Co nanoparticles towards methylene blue (MB) dye. They attributed this to

• used as an adsorbent for efficient removal of RhB dye from aqueous solutions. As illustrated in Scheme 1, firstly, CoAl LDH is synthesized with urea through a hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the LDH@PDA composite is obtained by coating CoAl LDH with PDA through self-polymerization of dopamine in

• . The volume of ethanol is 10 mL for 10 mg adsorbent each time. After the desorption process, the NPL samples are used for the removal of RhB from aqueous solutions for five cycles (Figure 9). It was found that the NPLs-2.5-800 adsorbent possesses the best adsorption capacity, where removal efficiency

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• possible for compact states [5][6][7]. Most often, aqueous solutions are used; however, solutions in organic solvents (e.g., acetic acid, benzene, tert-butanol, and toluene) can also be used when reasonable equilibrium pressure is applied in the solid state at low temperature. The low solubility of many

• inorganic salts in these solvents limits their application in cryochemical processing. Along with aqueous solutions, in the last few years the freezing of colloids (gels, suspensions) and precipitates has been increasingly used [8]. As a rule, salts solutions are treated by fast cooling [9]. For example

• , aqueous solutions of Al- and Fe-sulfates were used to obtain highly dispersed Al2O3 and Fe2O3 crystallites by a freeze-drying technique. The formation and growth of chain-like aggregates of crystallites was shown as a process followed the surface diffusion mechanism. It was observed that the orientation

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• as p(SRA-B) but using aqueous solutions of the dyes (5 mM) instead of water. After the synthesis, D@p(SRA-B) were dialyzed for three days. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of p(SRA-B) toward PTS and Fl is 9.3 and 9.6%, respectively (Table 2). Due to the poor solubility of Py in water and the

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• % PSS and 2 wt % PAH by alternately dipping into the respective aqueous solutions for 5 min with intermediate rinses in distilled water (Figure 1a). Successively, the polystyrene spheres were assembled both onto bare (as reference) and functionalized substrates in a three-phase process. Initially, the

Ag₂WO₄ nanorods decorated with AgI nanoparticles: Novel and efficient visible-light-driven photocatalysts for the degradation of water pollutants

• Shijie Li,
• Shiwei Hu,
• Wei Jiang,
• Yanping Liu,
• Yu Liu,
• Yingtang Zhou,
• Liuye Mo and
• Jianshe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1308–1316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.123

• AgNO3 and Na2WO4 aqueous solutions at room temperature [37]. Subsequently, AgI nanoparticles were readily anchored onto Ag2WO4 nanorods via an in situ anion-exchange between I− in the solution and the lattice W2O42− in Ag2WO4. The resulting catalysts were denoted as 0.1AgI/Ag2WO4, 0.2AgI/Ag2WO4, 0.3AgI

• Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Ltd. and used as received. Ag2WO4 nanorods were prepared according to a previous report [41]. Briefly, AgNO3 (0.01 mol L−1, 100 mL) and Na2WO4 (0.005 mol L−1, 100 mL) aqueous solutions were first prepared. Then, the AgNO3 aqueous solution was slowly poured into Na2WO4 aqueous

Surface characterization of nanoparticles using near-field light scattering

• Eunsoo Yoo,
• Yizhong Liu,
• Chukwuazam A. Nwasike,
• Sebastian R. Freeman,
• Brian C. DiPaolo,
• Bernardo Cordovez and
• Amber L. Doiron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1228–1238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.114

• SPIOs, PEG-SPIOs, and IPC-SPIOs. The relationship between nanoparticle coating properties and the velocity of particles in either water or aqueous solutions with varying salt concentrations were explored. We described analytical models explaining the effect of surface–waveguide interactions on the

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

• intensity ratio of the D to G-band can be employed to evaluate the structure disorder of carbon materials [30][31]. Thus, the Raman spectroscopy analysis of HACC-rGO suggests that there exist some structural defects in HACC-rGO. Particularly, the resulting HACC-rGO disperses well in aqueous solutions, and

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• CNTs [44][45]. 1 M standard aqueous solutions of the following nitrates have been prepared: Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (grade: ACS 99.0–100.2%) and Co(NO3)2·6H2O (grade: ACS 98.0–102.0% metal basis) supplied by VWR Chemicals and Alfa Aesar GmbH & Co KG (Karlsruhe, Germany). The nitrate salts were used as provided

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• face down in 5 cm over 10 mL of acid in a glass vessel. The film was treated for 10 min in vapor and then thoroughly washed with MilliQ pure water. The film, which changed in color, was then immersed into 100 mL of freshly prepared 0.1 M NaBH4 aqueous solutions of (the same concentration as was taken

Heavy-metal detectors based on modified ferrite nanoparticles

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Ewelina Wińska,
• Elżbieta Zambrzycka-Szelewa,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 762–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.69

• Aqueous solutions of Cu, Cd, or Pb were prepared and added to the nanoparticles. The mixtures were vigorously mixed on a magnetic stirrer. Then, nanoparticles were removed and the concentrations of Cu, Cd, or Pb in the obtained solutions were analyzed using AAS. The data collected in Table 4 show the

• adsorption of heavy metals in comparison to unmodified particles, but not as efficiently as SA. To conclude, succinic anhydride may be a good potential modifier of the Mn0.5Fe2.5O4 particles to enhance the selective adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. Therefore, in future, experiments with

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• , visible and sunlight). To demonstrate the photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared catalysts more precisely, the kinetics of the photodegradation of RhB aqueous solutions was studied by fitting the obtained degradation results to a pseudo-first-order reaction model [54][55] and modified Freundlich

Optimisation of purification techniques for the preparation of large-volume aqueous solar nanoparticle inks for organic photovoltaics

• Furqan Almyahi,
• Thomas R. Andersen,
• Nathan A. Cooling,
• Natalie P. Holmes,
• Matthew J. Griffith,
• Krishna Feron,
• Xiaojing Zhou,
• Warwick J. Belcher and
• Paul C. Dastoor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 649–659, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.60

• ). The second step is macro-emulsion formation (≈736 g), which is the vigorous mixing of organic and aqueous solutions with stirring at 1200 rpm and 33 °C for 60 min. The third step is formation of a mini-emulsion (≈736 g) by ultrasonic treatment of the macro-emulsion (10 min, 60% amplitude and 450–500 W

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• to 21.5 ± 0.65 GPa. Deconvoluted XPS C 1s spectra of (a) pristine MWNT, (b) MWNT soaked in aqueous solution of 20% AN without irradiation, and (c) MWNT soaked in aqueous solution of 20% AN and irradiated at 27 kGy (c). Raman spectroscopy results for CNT yarn treated with aqueous solutions of 80% AN

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• (NH3) in the concentration range from 10−2 to 103 ppm to develop an optical sensor for NH3 in aqueous solutions. Ammonia affects the features of the nanoparticles obtained in a concentration-dependent manner as determined by UV–vis absorption analysis and TEM observations. Structural and morphological

• Colloidal silver nanoparticles were monitored at different reaction times (from 0 until saturation) and at different concentrations of ammonia. Aqueous solutions containing AgNO3 and increasing ammonia concentrations were used as references. A Varian Cary 5 spectrophotometer with a quartz cuvette of 10 mm

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• cut-off wavelengths shorter than 350 or 420 nm, respectively. The experimental procedure was as follows: Nd-TiO2 powder (125 mg) was suspended in aqueous solutions of phenol (0.21 mM) or terephthalic acid (0.5 mM) or in an aqueous solution of scavenger and phenol in a quartz photoreactor (working

Blister formation during graphite surface oxidation by Hummers’ method

• Olga V. Sinitsyna,
• Georgy B. Meshkov,
• Anastasija V. Grigorieva,
• Alexander A. Antonov,
• Inna G. Grigorieva and
• Igor V. Yaminsky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 407–414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.40

• HOPG anodes at the initial stages of electrochemical oxidation in the presence of electrolytes capable of intercalating graphite (i.e., aqueous solutions of KNO3 [15], LiClO4, (NH4)2SO4, HNO3, H2SO4) [16][17]. The electrochemical oxidation of graphite in H3PO4 solutions resulted in the formation of the

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• dyes (anionic type MO and cationic type RhB) was assessed by measuring a decrease in concentration in the dark and under UV irradiation. It is known that the efficiency of dye removal from aqueous solutions on TiO2-pillared MM is determined by the additive process of photolysis, adsorption, and

• of the process of adsorbing model anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solutions on TiO2-pillared MM, we used well-known pseudo-first order kinetic models of Lagergren [44], pseudo-second order models by Ho and McKay [45], and intraparticle diffusion models by Morris and Weber [46] and others [47

Co-reductive fabrication of carbon nanodots with high quantum yield for bioimaging of bacteria

• Jiajun Wang,
• Xia Liu,
• Gesmi Milcovich,
• Tzu-Yu Chen,
• Edel Durack,
• Sarah Mallen,
• Yongming Ruan,
• Xuexiang Weng and
• Sarah P. Hudson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 137–145, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.16

• in all experiments. Synthesis of carbon nanodots The C-dots were synthesized by mixing different amounts of thiourea, urea or sodium citrate in 30 mL of distilled water (see Table 1 in Results and Discussion). The aqueous solutions were subsequently transferred to a 50 mL teflon-lined autoclave and

Hyperthermic intracavitary nanoaerosol therapy (HINAT) as an improved approach for pressurised intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC): Technical description, experimental validation and first proof of concept

• Daniel Göhler,
• Stephan Große,
• Alexander Bellendorf,
• Thomas Albert Falkenstein,
• Mehdi Ouaissi,
• Jürgen Zieren,
• Michael Stintz and
• Urs Giger-Pabst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2729–2740, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.272

• performance of the LAU (injection nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm) based on compressed air showed that the volumetric aerosol flow rate as well as the liquid mass flow rate increase linearly with increasing system pressure for aqueous solutions. At a liquid temperate of 20 °C, the LAU provides a volumetric aerosol