Release behaviour and toxicity evaluation of levodopa from carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes

• Julia M. Tan,
• Jhi Biau Foo,
• Sharida Fakurazi and
• Mohd Zobir Hussein

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 243–253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.23

• groups from carboxylated CNTs. In this case, the solubility of the nanocarrier increases with an increase in pH value [24], resulting in more carboxylate anions (–COO−) produced in pH 7.4 as compared to pH 4.8. In addition, the different release mechanisms of LD at different pH levels could be also due

Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines

• Maryna Abacilar,
• Fabian Daus and
• Armin Geyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.10

• simultaneously cleaved from the resin. This peptide bears an additional cationic charge instead of the unproductive C-terminal carboxylate, which would be obtained from traditional solid-phase peptide synthesis. CTC-resin has a double function here because it acts as a protecting group and as a solid support

Coating with luminal gut-constituents alters adherence of nanoparticles to intestinal epithelial cells

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Katrin Ramaker and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2308–2315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.239

• 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 10% CO2 and the medium was changed every 2–3 days. Nanoparticles Carboxylate-modified polystyrene NPs 24 ± 4.0, 100 ± 6.0 and 210 ± 10 nm in size (in this study referred to as 20, 100 and 200 nm) were purchased from Life Technologies (Invitrogen Molecular

The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake

• Heike Sinnecker,
• Thorsten Krause,
• Sabine Koelling,
• Ingmar Lautenschläger and
• Andreas Frey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2092–2101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.218

• translocation events, and in light of the huge dilution which the particles were prone to undergo if reaching the vascular system, we decided to use high doses of NPs and to instill them into the gut lumen as a highly concentrated bolus. As anthropogenic model NPs we chose fluorescent, carboxylate

• determined. Nanoparticle quantitation Fluorescent, carboxylate-modified polystyrene NPs (FluoSpheres®, Table 1) were purchased from Invitrogen (via Life Technologies; Darmstadt, Germany). The fluorescence of the 20 nm and 200 nm NPs was directly measured in suspensions (standards and samples) by using a

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• using large, defect rich CNOs, synthesized from wood waste, for imaging the life cycle of D. melanogaster (Figure 5) [17]. The authors claim that solubility in water was achieved by the presence of a large number of carboxylate groups on the CNO surface that originate from the production process. These

• carboxylate functional groups, together with the defective nature of the CNOs, also led to the observed fluorescence emission in the visible and NIR, which was imposed by spontaneous surface passivation and quantum confinement and allowed for multicolor biological imaging. The specimens were fed with

Real-time monitoring of calcium carbonate and cationic peptide deposition on carboxylate-SAM using a microfluidic SAW biosensor

• Anna Pohl and
• Ingrid M. Weiss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1823–1835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.193

• the interaction of calcium carbonate with standard carboxylate self-assembled monolayer sensor chips. Different fluids, with and without biomolecular components, were investigated. The pH-dependent surface interactions of two bio-inspired cationic peptides, AS8 and ES9, which are similar to an

• minerals in biomineralization processes. Acidic macromolecules comprise a significant fraction of the organic matrix of many mollusc shells [43][44][45], therefore a carboxylate-terminated self-assembled monolayer (COO-SAM) sensor chip was used to investigate under which conditions interactions related to

• organic biomolecules and calcium carbonate in the presence of carboxylate surfaces could be reproducibly quantified in real-time assays. Here, we report a case study with calcium carbonate, both in pure aqueous systems and in the presence of citric acid. We also investigated the two cationic peptides ES9

Different endocytotic uptake mechanisms for nanoparticles in epithelial cells and macrophages

• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Benjamin Michen,
• Fabian Blank,
• Peter Gehr,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1625–1636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.174

• were grown to confluence for 7 days prior to exposure experiments and J774A.1 cells for 1 day and allowed to adhere prior to use. Particle characterization and exposure The commercially available carboxylate Fluoresbrite™ plain yellow green (cataloged as 1 µm hydrodynamic diameter) and red (cataloged

• used to test inhibition of caveolin-mediated endocytosis. Ctx-b was dissolved in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) containing 1% NaN3 and diluted to a final concentration of 0.6 μg/mL 1× PBS (pH 7.4) in RPMI prior to use. To test macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, 1 µm carboxylate modified

PEGylated versus non-PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles as camptothecin delivery system

• Paula M. Castillo,
• Mario de la Mata,
• Maria F. Casula,
• José A. Sánchez-Alcázar and
• Ana P. Zaderenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1312–1319, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.144

• acid (CH2 scissoring, 1419 cm−1) and the symmetric stretching of the carboxylate group (around 1467 cm−1, total area = 11.2), and the other at 512 cm−1 that is dependent on the amount of USM nanoparticles (δFe-O, area = 6.6) yields an area ratio of 1.7. In comparison, the skeletal carbon signal in [41

• carboxylate group plus the asymmetric stretching at 1574 cm−1 supports that binding to the magnetic core occurs through carboxylate groups, whereas free acid groups are also detected in the spectrum (around 1700 cm−1) that must be located on the outside of the particles, as illustrated in Scheme 1. In order

Cyclodextrin-poly(ε-caprolactone) based nanoparticles able to complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate

• Daniela Ailincai and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.76

• complex phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate. The nanoparticles are characterized by a distinct morphology, i.e., a hydrophobic core formed by the polyester chain and a shell containing the CD part. Moreover, the formed nanoparticles have been proven to encapsulate umbelliferone in the polyester

• hydrophobic compounds, including phenolphthalein and adamantyl carboxylate. The ability of the click reaction product to complex umbelliferone was also investigated, based on its structural similarity with other hydrophobic compounds previously described in the literature as guests for CD. Experimental

• carboxylate complexation by the formed nanoparticles A suspension of the nanoparticles (A) was obtained as previously described. A solution of phenolphthalein in water was prepared, to which trace amounts of NaOH were added to increase the pH and obtain a pinkish solution (B). A was added to B, while stirring

Friction behavior of a microstructured polymer surface inspired by snake skin

• Martina J. Baum,
• Lars Heepe and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 83–97, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.8

• anhydride (NSA) (61.3%), (2) 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3,4-epoxycyclohexyl-carboxylate (ERL 4221) (23.6%), (3) diglycidyl ether of polypropyleneglycol (D.E.R. 736) (14.2%), and (4) N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) (0.9%). The polymerization of the resin took place over night at 70 °C. The surface roughness

Spin relaxation in antiferromagnetic Fe–Fe dimers slowed down by anisotropic Dy^III ions

• Valeriu Mereacre,
• Frederik Klöwer,
• Yanhua Lan,
• Rodolphe Clérac,
• Juliusz A. Wolny,
• Volker Schünemann,
• Christopher E. Anson and
• Annie K. Powell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 807–814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.92

• (µ2-alkoxo) bridges, to a Dy atom and to an Fe atom in the butterfly. Peripheral ligation is provided by four µ-pivalato ligands in their common syn,syn bridging mode. Two further unidentate pivalates each coordinate to a dysprosium, with the non-coordinated carboxylate oxygen atom accepting a

Site-selective growth of surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks on self-assembled monolayer patterns prepared by AFM nanografting

• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Alexander Welle,
• Stefan Heißler,
• Christof Wöll and
• Hartmut Gliemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 638–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.71

• carried out using an ATR FT-IR microscope. Figure 5c shows the lateral distribution of the band intensities between 1510 cm−1 and 1780 cm−1, which includes the typical region for the asymmetric stretching vibrations of carboxylate groups. It is obvious that the highest intensity can be recognized on the

• stretching vibrations of the carboxylate groups can be detected between 1610 cm−1 and 1550 cm−1, while the bands between 1420 cm−1 and 1300 cm−1 represent the symmetric –COO vibration bands of the deprotonated linker [33][34]. The band at 1446 cm−1 corresponds to the C–C vibration of the aromatic ring of the

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• Fe nanocrystals at the CNT tips. The final product was a nanoporous membrane with carboxylate functions at the CNT tips. After further chemical functionalization, the nanoporous membrane showed an improvement of the selectivity of the chemical transport across its peculiar architecture. The

The oriented and patterned growth of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks onto functionalized surfaces

• Jinliang Zhuang,
• Jasmin Friedel and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 570–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.66

• groups, such as carboxylate and pyridyl groups, capable of coordinating to the constituents of the MOF. It could be demonstrated that this directed coordination also orients the nanocrystals deposited at the surface. Using two different patterning methods, i.e., microcontact printing and electron-beam

• (F4bdc), naphthalene­1,4-dicarboxylate (ndc); P = dabco, 4,4′-bipyridine (bipy)) type SURMOFs [42], two different principal growth directions are expected on MTCA and PPP1 surfaces, which correspond to the directionality of the attachment, either of carboxylate ([110] direction) or of pyridyl groups

• observed, which can be assigned to the reflections of the (110) and (220) planes according to the powder XRD pattern of [Zn2(adc)2(dabco)]. The [110] orientation of the SURMOF is in agreement with the expectation deducible from the crystal structure: The surface carboxylate groups replace, e.g., the

Variations in the structure and reactivity of thioester functionalized self-assembled monolayers and their use for controlled surface modification

• Inbal Aped,
• Yacov Mazuz and
• Chaim N. Sukenik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 213–220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.24

• dimension to the versatility and utility of the SAMs [4][5][6][7]. Our laboratory has reported in situ transformations of siloxane-anchored SAMs in which SAM surface functionality was changed from benzene rings to arylsulfonic acids [8][9], from nitrate esters to hydroxyls [10], and from carboxylate esters

Parallel- and serial-contact electrochemical metallization of monolayer nanopatterns: A versatile synthetic tool en route to bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits

• Jonathan Berson,
• Assaf Zeira,
• Rivka Maoz and
• Jacob Sagiv

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.14

• dense –COOH functionality of the organic monolayer facilitates the establishment of a sufficiently high local concentration of chemisorbed Ag+ ions through the conversion of carboxylic acid groups to the carboxylate salt (–COO−Ag+). In contrast with OTSeo, metal deposition by this mechanism on a

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• electrons to titanium dioxide upon illumination with visible light [86] led to the study of a system in which the C60 is anchored to the titanium dioxide through a SAM mediator. The mediator comprised salicylic acid (attached to the TiO2 surface through its carboxylate group) connected to a pyrrodine group

Ceria/silicon carbide core–shell materials prepared by miniemulsion technique

• Lars Borchardt,
• Martin Oschatz,
• Robert Frind,
• Emanuel Kockrick,
• Martin R. Lohe,
• Christoph P. Hauser,
• Clemens K. Weiss,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Bernd Büchner and
• Stefan Kaskel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 638–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.67

• illustrates that the shape of the PCS spheres was conserved during pyrolysis. Figure 4B shows SiC-Acr spheres synthesized from PCS/acrylic acid. The carboxylate groups were used for molecular binding of ceria [36]. Although a CeO2 shell cannot be seen on SEM pictures, the EDX-analysis of the discrete spheres

Novel acridone-modified MCM-41 type silica: Synthesis, characterization and fluorescence tuning

• Maximilian Hemgesberg,
• Gunder Dörr,
• Yvonne Schmitt,
• Andreas Seifert,
• Zhou Zhou,
• Robin Klupp Taylor,
• Sarah Bay,
• Stefan Ernst,
• Markus Gerhards,
• Thomas J. J. Müller and
• Werner R. Thiel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 284–292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.33

• have been described for carboxylate complexes of Eu(III) [21]. The fluorescence spectrum of the modified silica shows a distinct shoulder at around λem.≈ 515 nm. This indicates a complex radiative relaxation of the formed transition metal species, the fluorescence originating from at least two