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Search for "catalysts" in Full Text gives 295 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

  • Marta Bartel,
  • Katarzyna Markowska,
  • Marcin Strawski,
  • Krystyna Wolska and
  • Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

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  • [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The resulting composites exhibit a double function, they support the metal nanoparticles and prevent their aggregation. For example, polystyrene microspheres have been decorated with silver nanoparticles and were used as catalysts, Raman-enhancing materials
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Published 14 Apr 2020

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

  • Hyung Jun An,
  • Jong Min Park,
  • Nazmul Abedin Khan and
  • Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

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  • synthesis, high conductivity and nitrogen content. Porous carbon materials, with high porosity and nitrogen content, have also been obtained from PANI. In other words, functional carbon, for catalysts and supercapacitors can be derived from high temperature carbonization of PANI, especially in the co
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Published 08 Apr 2020

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

  • Munaiah Yeddala,
  • Pallavi Thakur,
  • Anugraha A and
  • Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

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  • gaining tremendous attention due to its importance in many fields, including water treatment technologies. Oxidized graphitic carbon-based materials have been recently proposed as an alternative to metal-based catalysts in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and in this work we unravel
  • also demonstrated at low potential (0.358 mV vs RHE), yielding ≈34 mg/L peroxide with highly functionalized (≈23 atom %) graphene and ≈16 g/L with low functionalized (≈13 atom %) graphene, which is on par with the peroxide production using state-of-the-art precious-metal-based catalysts. Hence this
  • method opens a new scheme for the single-step large-scale production of functionalized carbon-based catalysts (yield ≈45% by weight) that have varying functionalities and can deliver peroxide via the electrochemical ORR process. Keywords: electrochemical oxygen reduction; functionalized carbon
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Published 09 Mar 2020

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

  • Pallellappa Chithaiah,
  • Madhan Mohan Raju,
  • Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
  • C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

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  • in ca. 7 minutes, respectively. The present protocols for synthesizing rGO and N-rGO are simple and environmentally friendly as we do not use any harmful reagents, metal catalysts and solvents. Along with that, this method offers an inexpensive route with high yields to prepare rGO with a high
  • any solvents, metal catalysts, reagents and hazardous chemicals. Similarly, N-rGO nanosheets have also been synthesized using glycine as precursor. Results and Discussion The typical XRD patterns of rGO and N-rGO nanosheets are shown in Figure 1. The XRD pattern of the as-prepared rGO (Figure 1a
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Published 07 Jan 2020

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

  • Maximilian Wassner,
  • Markus Eckardt,
  • Andreas Reyer,
  • Thomas Diemant,
  • Michael S. Elsaesser,
  • R. Jürgen Behm and
  • Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

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  • . Both rely on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The best established ORR catalysts are so far based on Pt nanoparticles or Pt alloys. However, Pt is expensive and its stability under fuel-cell working conditions is limited. Therefore, alternative catalysts based on noble-metal-free, less expensive
  • and stable materials are highly needed. Metal-free carbon materials, single- or multi-doped with N, B, P, S, halogens, Si or Se, have turned out to be promising ORR catalysts [1][2][3][4][5][6]. N-doped carbon materials show promising ORR activities along with high electric conductivity, in addition
  • they can result in further advantages such as an improved tolerance towards impurities compared to Pt-based catalysts [1]. A wide variety of N-doped carbon materials is known from the literature, reaching from N-doped graphene and graphite, N-doped carbon nanotubes, carbon cages, carbon cups and carbon
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Published 02 Jan 2020

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

  • Ghada Ayoub,
  • Mihails Arhangelskis,
  • Xuan Zhang,
  • Florencia Son,
  • Timur Islamoglu,
  • Tomislav Friščić and
  • Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

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  • quantum yields and whose absorption wavelengths span the ultraviolet–visible spectrum. Moreover, singlet oxygen could be generated from homogenous [23] or heterogeneous catalysts, the latter of which will allow for the ease of separation at the end of the reaction, recyclability of the catalyst, wide
  • oxygen saturation. The photocatalytic activity of NU-400 enabled singlet oxygen-induced conversion of CEES to CEESO with a half-life of 13.5 minutes under air, a milestone in the development of MOFs as new, highly efficient catalysts for mustard gas degradation. NU-400 constituents: a) the pyrene-based
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Published 09 Dec 2019

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

  • Muhammad A. Zaheer,
  • David Poppitz,
  • Khavar Feyzullayeva,
  • Marianne Wenzel,
  • Jörg Matysik,
  • Radomir Ljupkovic,
  • Aleksandra Zarubica,
  • Alexander A. Karavaev,
  • Andreas Pöppl,
  • Roger Gläser and
  • Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

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  • , Linnéstraße 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.200 Abstract In this contribution, the preparation of hierarchically structured ETS-10-based catalysts exhibiting notably higher activity in the conversion of triolein with methanol compared to microporous titanosilicate is presented. Triolein, together
  • maximum conversion of 83% after 24 h, the ETS-10-based catalyst reached 100% after 8 h, revealing its higher stability compared to CaO. The following characteristics of the catalysts were experimentally addressed – crystal structure (X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy), crystal shape and
  • implementation on the industrial scale [5]. The preparation and application of different types of catalysts for homogeneous, heterogeneous, and even enzymatic transesterification processes have been extensively investigated [6]. However, the most commonly used commercial process for biodiesel production is the
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Published 28 Oct 2019

Pulsed laser synthesis of highly active Ag–Rh and Ag–Pt antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts

  • Kenneth A. Kane and
  • Massimo F. Bertino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1958–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.192

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  • for Ag–Pt and Ag–Rh compared to the monometallic constituents, and persisted at lower loading ratios and consecutive reduction cycles. The enhancement is attributed to the Rh and Pt nanoparticles forming antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts with the Ag nanostructures. Keywords: Ag; antenna
  • of the reduction can be directly observed via UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. Ag–Rh/Pt heterostructures exhibited a significantly increased catalytic activity compared to the constituents. The observed increase is attributed to the heterostructures forming antenna–reactor-type plasmonic catalysts
  • . [18] and Zhang and co-workers [19]. The aim of the present study is to lay the foundation for future work and illuminate the potential efficacy of pulsed laser ablation as an effective method for the production of multicomponent plasmonic catalysts. The reported method possesses several inherent
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Published 26 Sep 2019

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

  • Matthew E. Potter,
  • Lauren N. Riley,
  • Alice E. Oakley,
  • Panashe M. Mhembere,
  • June Callison and
  • Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

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  • : aluminophosphate; catalysis; hierarchical catalysts; nanoparticles; porosity; Findings The controlled synthetic design of metallic nanoparticles has generated significant interest in recent decades due to their implementation in a range of fields, including medicine [1], optics [2] and catalysis [3]. Given the
  • ) helps the systems maintain higher pore volumes and surface areas after nanoparticle inclusion. In principle this should translate into the hierarchical systems being improved catalysts with better diffusion. To probe the influence of the support on the deposited metal, a range of characterisation
  • complete reduction of the Au species, during the activation (calcination/reduction) process. We have thus shown that pore blockage can be minimised by immobilising metal nanoparticles onto hierarchical systems, allowing tailored zeotype catalysts to act as hosts through the inclusion of mesopores, with
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Letter
Published 25 Sep 2019

Nanoarchitectonics meets cell surface engineering: shape recognition of human cells by halloysite-doped silica cell imprints

  • Elvira Rozhina,
  • Ilnur Ishmukhametov,
  • Svetlana Batasheva,
  • Farida Akhatova and
  • Rawil Fakhrullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.176

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  • of various functional composite materials [26]. The anisotropic shape (hollow tubules having lengths from 300 nm to 1–2 µm, 50–70 nm diameter, and 20 nm lumen) and surface chemistry (outer surface of SiO2, inner surface of Al2O3) make these nanotubes ideal carriers for novel catalysts, polymer
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Published 04 Sep 2019

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

  • Ilka Simon,
  • Julius Hornung,
  • Juri Barthel,
  • Jörg Thomas,
  • Maik Finze,
  • Roland A. Fischer and
  • Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

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  • presence of small quantities of alkynes significantly reduces the efficiency of catalysts in the subsequent polymerization reactions. Semihydrogenation reactions are an interesting way not only to remove but also to convert the alkynes to the respective polymerizable alkenes [25]. The addition of main
  • -group metals such as gallium to transition metals can significantly improve the catalytic selectivity towards semihydrogenation reactions, e.g., PdGa [26][27][28] and RhGa [29]. Intermetallic nanoparticles of nickel and gallium have been proven as efficient catalysts in semihydrogenation reactions
  • catalysts indicated that using Ni3Ga (α) yielded the highest activity with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 5.16 × 10−3 h−1 with the highest selectivities [10][30][32][42]. Bimetallic nanoparticles containing Ga are difficult to synthesize from Ga3+ precursors, because of the high negative redox potential of
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Published 21 Aug 2019

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

  • Ediana Paula Rebitski,
  • Margarita Darder and
  • Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

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  • value. This procedure and other protocols of synthesis together with the possibility to stabilize solids involving a large variety of metal ions have provided a large variety of LDH compounds of interest in numerous applications as adsorbents of anionic pollutants, catalysts, additive of polymers, as
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Published 09 Aug 2019

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

  • Hejin Jiang,
  • Huahua Fan,
  • Yuqian Jiang,
  • Li Zhang and
  • Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

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  • value [29][30], solvents [31][32], temperature [33][34], and photo-irradiation [35][36]. Inverse chiral nanostructures have exhibited their tunable functions in the field of asymmetric catalysts [37][38][39], chiral separation [40][41], and circular polarized luminescence [42][43]. In this case, tunable
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Published 05 Aug 2019

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

  • Katsuhiko Ariga,
  • Michio Matsumoto,
  • Taizo Mori and
  • Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

Graphical Abstract
  • perturbations such as microwave and plasma irradiation [45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Carbon nanotubes, representative one-dimensional objects, were produced using catalysts as well [52][53][54][55]. Recently, two-dimensional materials such as graphene and MoS2 nanosheets attracted the interests of researchers
  • systems fabricated with low-dimensional materials are actively investigated. For example, Lvov and co-workers reported the immobilization of small functional materials such as metal clusters and metal catalysts within one-dimensional halloysite clay nanotubes to make them work under appropriate protection
  • from external disturbances [82][83][84]. Zhong and Xu summarized, in their recent review, the preparation of metal nanoparticles for hydrogen generation from liquid chemical hydrides [85]. In their review, the usage of effective catalysts within low-dimensional cages of metal-organic frameworks was
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Published 30 Jul 2019

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

  • Rieko Kobayashi,
  • Takafumi Ishii,
  • Yasuo Imashiro and
  • Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

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  • acid; oxygen reduction reaction; phosphoric acid treatment; PN-doped carbon catalysts; polymer electrolyte fuel cells; Introduction The widespread application of fuel cells as clean energy sources is the most desirable way of realizing a low-CO2-emission society. In conventional polymer electrolyte
  • application as domestic, back-up, and vehicle power sources. The cost of cathode catalysts can be reduced in a number of ways, e.g., by alloying Pt with base metals [2], forming core–shell particles with base-metal cores covered by thin Pt layers [3], and developing non-Pt catalysts. In particular, the
  • implementation of non-Pt or non-precious-metal cathode catalysts is the ultimate goal of PEFC development. Since the discovery of the ORR activity of cobalt phthalocyanine in 1964 [4], numerous studies have focused on the synthesis of non-precious metal ORR catalysts such as those based on carbon [5]. The
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Published 25 Jul 2019

Flexible freestanding MoS2-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

  • Florian Zoller,
  • Jan Luxa,
  • Thomas Bein,
  • Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
  • Daniel Bouša and
  • Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

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  • materials [26]. Another popular related field in the context of energy storage and sustainable energy production is water splitting to produce hydrogen. The best catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are unequivocally based on platinum and iridium, however the scarcity and the high cost of
  • these materials are tremendous disadvantages for the production of hydrogen on an industrial scale [16]. Hence, it is necessary to develop new catalysts which are abundant, inexpensive and chemically robust [16]. MoS2 is again a promising candidate. Theoretical and experimental studies have successfully
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Published 24 Jul 2019

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

  • Pei Wang,
  • Katarzyna Kulp and
  • Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

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  • ][5][6][7][8]. Besides the above-mentioned applications, CNTs have also been investigated as catalysts or catalyst supports for various electrocatalytic reactions [8][9][10][11][12][13], including methanol oxidation in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). DMFCs are promising power sources for future
  • typical appearance of the CVs for methanol oxidation over Pt-based catalysts. Methanol is oxidized to CO2 in the forward CV scan until Pt is oxidized, leading to a surface passivation and a sudden decrease in the oxidation current. During the backward CV scan, MeOH oxidation starts as soon as the
  • CNT growth was investigated, where gas flow rates were adjusted by mass flow controllers (Bronkhorst High-Tech, Germany). Prior to CVD, the Fe catalysts were conditioned at 750 °C for 30 min in a H2/Ar gas mixture. After the CNT growth, the surface of CNT/GC is highly hydrophobic. To remove remaining
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Published 24 Jul 2019

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi2WO6 nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

  • Hong-long Shi,
  • Bin Zou,
  • Zi-an Li,
  • Min-ting Luo and
  • Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

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  • of the Aurivillius phases, perovskites with the general formula of (Bi2O2)(Am−1BmO3m+1) and a crystal structure of tilted WO6 octahedra layers sandwiched between Bi–O layers. The W–O layers in the Bi2WO6 crystal transfer electrons to the surface of catalysts, and Bi–O layers act as insulating layers
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Published 18 Jul 2019

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

  • Machiko Takigami,
  • Rieko Kobayashi,
  • Takafumi Ishii,
  • Yasuo Imashiro and
  • Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

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  • Abstract Carbon-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts are regarded as a promising candidate to replace the currently used Pt catalyst in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs); however, the active sites remain under discussion. We predicted that warped graphitic layers (WGLs) are responsible for
  • the ORR catalytic activity in some carbon catalysts (i.e., carbon alloy catalysts (CACs)). To prove our assumption, we needed to use WGLs consisting of carbon materials, but without any extrinsic catalytic elements, such as nitrogen, iron, or cobalt, which effectively enhance ORR activity. The present
  • maximum specific ORR activity after 1 h of oxidation time. WGLs were found to lower the heat of adsorption for O2 and to increase the occurrence of heterogeneous electron transfer. Keywords: carbon alloy catalysts; fullerene extraction residue; oxygen reduction reaction (ORR); polymer electrolyte fuel
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Published 12 Jul 2019

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

  • Mohamad Azani Jalani,
  • Leny Yuliati,
  • Siew Ling Lee and
  • Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

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  • ; Introduction Mesoporous silica nanomaterials with pore size between 2 to 50 nm [1] have been recently applied to the development of biomedical adsorbents [2][3][4], drug delivery systems [5][6][7], catalysts [8][9][10], as well as supports for metal nanoparticles [11][12][13] due to their large surface area
  • wastewaters due to its high solubility properties [33], it is very crucial to find an effective method for the degradation and transformation of 4-NP. Generally, the reduction of 4-NP by heterogeneous catalysts in powdered form usually involves a tedious and time-consuming recovery process such as filtration
  • and centrifugation in order to retrieve the catalysts. Hence, we highlight the utilization of thin film nanocomposites [AuNPs]red/silicahex as a heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP), where a thin film was simply dipped into the reaction system containing an excess
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Published 05 Jul 2019

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi2O4 microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

  • Weilong Shi,
  • Mingyang Li,
  • Hongji Ren,
  • Feng Guo,
  • Xiliu Huang,
  • Yu Shi and
  • Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

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  • photocatalytic activity after three cycles. This decrease of photocatalytic performance is mainly due to the mass of catalysts being inevitably lost in the recycling process [39]. Photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out to obtain some insights into the
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Published 04 Jul 2019

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

  • Yongxin Lu,
  • Yan Luo,
  • Zehao Lin and
  • Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

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  • nanoarchitectures developed so far have prominent application potentials in the areas of sensors and devices [26][27][28][29][30], catalysts [17][31][32], energy materials [16][32][33], as well as bio-oriented applications [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. In the current work, a functional nanoarchitecture
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Published 24 Jun 2019

Alloyed Pt3M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

  • Stéphane Louisia,
  • Yohann R. J. Thomas,
  • Pierre Lecante,
  • Marie Heitzmann,
  • M. Rosa Axet,
  • Pierre-André Jacques and
  • Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

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  • reaction (ORR) have been evaluated in a rotating ring disk electrode experiment. The Pt3M/N-CNT catalysts revealed excellent electrochemical properties compared to a commercial Pt3Co/Vulcan XC-72 catalyst. The nature of the carbon support plays a key role in determining the properties of the metal
  • -based alloys can also been used [24][25]. Therefore, it seems important to develop nanostructured catalysts supported on a material with electronic conductivity and surface area close to the common CB but with more resistance towards corrosion. Interestingly, it has recently been shown that the
  • introduction of small amounts of ionic liquids (ILs), which are known as NP stabilizers, including on carbon supports [26], into Pt-based catalysts can further improve the ORR performance. This is likely due to the high O2 solubility in the IL phase [27]. It was also demonstrated that the choice of the carbon
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Published 21 Jun 2019

Playing with covalent triazine framework tiles for improved CO2 adsorption properties and catalytic performance

  • Giulia Tuci,
  • Andree Iemhoff,
  • Housseinou Ba,
  • Lapo Luconi,
  • Andrea Rossin,
  • Vasiliki Papaefthimiou,
  • Regina Palkovits,
  • Jens Artz,
  • Cuong Pham-Huu and
  • Giuliano Giambastiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1217–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.121

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  • ). Moreover, following our recent achievements in the field of steam- and oxygen-free dehydrogenation catalysis using CTFs as metal-free catalysts, the new samples with highest N contents have been scrutinized in the process to provide additional insights to their complex structure–activity relationship
  • stability) as metal-free catalysts in gas-phase processes. Our recent achievements in the use of highly porous and N-rich carbon nanomaterials as metal-free catalysts for the steam- and oxygen-free dehydrogenation catalysis (DDH) of ethylbenzene (EB) to styrene (ST) have shown unique outcomes in terms of
  • -dicyanoimidazole (DCI) or its equimolar mixtures with the aforementioned dicyanoaryl units (see Scheme 1 below) [45]. The as-prepared samples have been investigated as CO2 storage materials as well as metal-free catalysts for the gas-phase DDH of EB to ST. Notably, mixed CTF samples from this series have shown CO2
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Published 12 Jun 2019

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

  • Binjing Hu,
  • Qiang Sun,
  • Chengyi Zuo,
  • Yunxin Pei,
  • Siwei Yang,
  • Hui Zheng and
  • Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

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  • most suitable catalysts in many industries given its inexpensive, non-toxic, efficient and anti-corrosion properties [7]. Nevertheless, it still has some disadvantages with respect to photocatalysis. For example, it has a narrow response range, low quantum efficiency, and its photogenerated electron
  • morphology and better photocatalytic activity. Surface field The unique shape and porous microstructure are believed to have a great impact on the photocatalytic activity of catalysts by concentrating the reactant and scattering the light (high-performance rods). As an initial attempt to verify this
  • , XPS, SEM and ICP, respectively. Furthermore, to supply a helpful reference for large-scale dye degradation, the optimum photocatalytic conditions of undoped and doped catalysts were also screened. Sample preparation Materials and instruments In this study, zinc acetate dihydrate was purchased from
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Published 03 Jun 2019
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