Correlation of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) with the surface density of gold nanoparticles: evaluation of the critical number of SERS tags for a detectable signal

• Vincenzo Amendola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1016–1023, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.102

• water four times by centrifugation at 3000 rcf for 10 min and finally filtered with hydrophilic 0.45 µm cellulose filters. The reproducibility of the procedure was successfully verified on two distinct batches of MG-labelled AuNTs dispersed in water (Figure S2 in Supporting Information File 1). The

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• nanoparticles formed sonochemically from Pd(OAc)2 in imidazolium ionic liquids containing acetate ligands [33]. Au(III) also slowly reduces to Au(0) in imidazolium ionic liquids, and this process can be facilitated by addition of cellulose to the reaction mixture as a mild reducing agent [34]. Thus, there is

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• Liji Sobhana Lokesh Kesavan Jan Gustafsson Pedro Fardim Laboratory of Fibre and Cellulose Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FI-20500, Åbo, Finland Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Turku University Centre for Materials and Surfaces (MatSurf), University of

• composites by utilizing the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in natural materials. These materials include wood pulp fibers, abietic acid (resin acid) and inexpensive metal salts. In this work, a hybrid composite was created using bleached and unbleached kraft pulp fibers as cellulose platform. In situ co

• -precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) was performed to grow LDH crystals on the surface of the cellulose fibers, followed by the immobilization of abietic acid (AA) on LDH-grafted cellulose. Here we aimed to benefit from the hydrogen bonding between –OH groups of cellulose and LDH, and the –COOH

Mechanical and thermodynamic properties of Aβ₄₂, Aβ₄₀, and α-synuclein fibrils: a coarse-grained method to complement experimental studies

• Adolfo B. Poma,
• Horacio V. Guzman,
• Mai Suan Li and
• Panagiotis E. Theodorakis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 500–513, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.51

• . In the context of mechanical properties of various fibrils, for example, β-amyloids [4][5], cellulose [6] and collagen [7], all-atom models have been used to estimate the elastic moduli based on the response of the system, but mostly approximately. Still, molecular-level methods are necessary to

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• mortality rate due to cancer. Experimental Materials Calcium chloride and disodium hydrogen phosphate were procured from Himedia (Mumbai, India) and Merck (Germany), respectively. Dioctyl sulphosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Acridine orange (AO) and cellulose dialysis

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• continues to push for materials which are renewable, biocompatible, and less toxic as a replacement for CNTs. Given the abundance of plant resources, plant extracts are the most studied category to date for the synthesis of green nanomaterials [8]. Cellulose, one of the most abundant natural polymers, has

• the potential to overcome challenges pertaining to material biodegradability, renewability, cost, and energy. Furthermore, cellulose found in most lignocellulosic biomass, derived from agricultural waste, energy crops and forestry residues, provides a better option over food crops as a renewable

• resource for the production of new materials due to its availability in large amounts and low cost [9]. Moreover, cellulose is known as a nontoxic material [10][11][12]. In the past few decades, nanocellulose has demonstrated good performance in numerous applications, including paper making [13], water [14

Hydrothermal-derived carbon as a stabilizing matrix for improved cycling performance of silicon-based anodes for lithium-ion full cells

• Mirco Ruttert,
• Florian Holtstiege,
• Jessica Hüsker,
• Markus Börner,
• Martin Winter and
• Tobias Placke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2381–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.223

• preparation Composite electrodes with a composition of 90 wt % active material (Si/C composite, pure carbon matrix or mixture of pure carbon matrix and Si-NPs), 5 wt % sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) as binder (Walocel CRT 2000 PPA 12; Dow Wolff Cellulosics) and 5 wt % conductive agent (C-nergy Super

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

Biomimetic and biodegradable cellulose acetate scaffolds loaded with dexamethasone for bone implants

• Aikaterini-Rafailia Tsiapla,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Veroniki Bakola,
• Foteini Pappa,
• Panagiota Gkertsiou,
• Eleni Pavlidou and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1986–1994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.189

• synthetic polymeric scaffolds exhibit controllable degradation, good mechanical properties and can be modified easily, they cannot be as bioactive as natural polymers. Moreover, due to their hydrophobicity they hinder significant cellular growth and subsequent tissue formation [14]. Therefore, cellulose

• through electrospinning, in order to prevent the inflammation that can occur after a total hip replacement surgery. Experimental Materials and methods Materials Cellulose acetate (CA, Mw = 30,000 g/mol), dexamethasone (≥97%), acetone (≥99.8%), trypsin and methylene blue were all purchased from Sigma

• partial esterification of cellulose with acetic acid. The esterification of hydroxy groups of cellulose increases the hydrophobicity of CA while at the same time the existence of ester bonds makes it more susceptible to degrading in aquatic environments. So, in a 5 month period the change of the scaffold

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• added. Afterwards, sources of metal and nonmetal dopants and hydroxypropyl cellulose were added. Table 1 shows sample labels, types and amounts of added dopants, thermal treatment temperatures and calculated crystallite sizes for different samples. The measured atomic percentages of dopants were

• observed for samples S3_N0.5+2% Pt (k1 = 0.53 h−1) and S3_N0.5+0.015M Pt (k1 = 0.55 h−1). Conclusion Nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and platinum (Pt)-doped titania thin films were prepared by a particulate sol–gel synthesis. An organic polymer (hydroxypropyl cellulose; HPC) was added to increase the porosity of

• nitrate (NH4NO3) from Zorka Šabac; hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC, Mw = 100.000 g/mol) from Sigma-Aldrich; plasmocorinth B (PB, dye content ≈60%) from Sigma-Aldrich; thiourea (pro analysis) from Kemika and urea (98%) from Acros Organics. Synthesis Titanium dioxide was prepared by a particulate sol–gel

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• ]. The isolation of nanocellulose from natural sources is possible through nanotechnology, which requires combined methodologies including mechanical, chemical and other processes. The resulting cellulose nanofibers could have distinct morphologies such as a rod-like NPs (whiskers) or an entangled

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

• the cell wall can be seen in Figure 7A(a). Cell walls are formed from complex polysaccharides, cellulose and pectin in the case of land-based plants. Adjacent cellulose walls of different plant cells are “glued” together by a pectin middle lamella. Plants grow based on a system of selective division

• those plants that survive above ground all year, encompassing trees, shrubs, and lianas (woody vines). Wood, the characteristic tissue in these plants, is fibrous cellulose composite. Primary growth refers the elongation of plant tissue that is seen across most plant species. While some herbaceous

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from spices for in vitro imaging and tumour cell growth inhibition

• Nagamalai Vasimalai,
• Vânia Vilas-Boas,
• Juan Gallo,
• María de Fátima Cerqueira,
• Mario Menéndez-Miranda,
• José Manuel Costa-Fernández,
• Lorena Diéguez,
• Begoña Espiña and
• María Teresa Fernández-Argüelles

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 530–544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.51

• . Experimental Chemicals Cinnamon, red chilli, turmeric and black pepper powders were purchased from the local grocery store. 0.22 µm cellulose ester mixed Whatman filter paper, and 29.3 mm diameter dialysis tube (MWCO: 3.5 kDa) were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Portugal). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

• coated autoclaves. Once finished, the resultant black carbonized solution was cooled down to room temperature. Subsequently, this solution was filtered through a 0.22 µm cellulose ester mixed Whatman filter paper in order to remove large particles. The brownish yellow filtrate solution was dialyzed in 1

Ultralight super-hydrophobic carbon aerogels based on cellulose nanofibers/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (CNFs/PVA/GO) for highly effective oil–water separation

• Zhaoyang Xu,
• Huan Zhou,
• Sicong Tan,
• Xiangdong Jiang,
• Weibing Wu,
• Jiangtao Shi and
• Peng Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 508–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.49

• 10.3762/bjnano.9.49 Abstract With the worsening of the oil-product pollution problem, oil–water separation has attracted increased attention in recent years. In this study, a porous three-dimensional (3D) carbon aerogel based on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO

• facile preparation process of carbon aerogels, these materials are viable candidates for use in oil–water separation and environmental protection. Keywords: 3D network structure; carbon aerogel; cellulose nanofibers; graphene oxide; oil absorption; poly(vinyl alcohol); Introduction In recent years, oil

• low adsorption capacity, secondary pollution and poor selectivity [3][4]. Therefore, there is a demand for the synthesis of renewable, effective and environmentally friendly sorbent materials to address the oil spill accidents. Cellulose is considered to be the most abundant renewable natural polymer

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• membrane could be coated by cellulose acetate (CA) solution. Frictional orientation The frictional orientation method is known as the doctor blade (DB) technique or tape casting. This technique is widely used to produce a variety of thin layers and coat substrates with wet films. A blade or a spiral film

• the nylon layer leading to the aligned CNTs, (d) mask CNT composite film with cellulose acetate (CA) casting solution, and (e) SEM images of aligned CNTs. Adapted with permission from [40], copyright 2013 Nature Publishing Group. Schematic setup of a spiral film applicator (a) and SEM image of

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• , we have successfully used this advantage in the preparation of TiO2 particles by the biotemplate technique while impregnating cellulose with a concentrated solution of titanium polyhydroxo complexes [17]. In order to improve the textural and photocatalytic properties of pillared MM, researchers have

Liquid-crystalline nanoarchitectures for tissue engineering

• Baeckkyoung Sung and
• Min-Ho Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 205–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.22

• DNA, collagen, chitin, viruses, as well as phospholipids and cellulose [23][24]. In test tubes, biocolloidal systems can be finely tuned to form self-organized structures by complex interplays between entropic and enthalpic driving forces, electrostatic and viscoelastic effects, and hydrophilic and

• cholesteric droplets of concentrated suspensions of α-chitin and chitosan have been reported [45], and nematic order was also confirmed in the solutions of collagen type IV [46]. Similarly, the cholesteric phase behavior of cellulose fibrils is well established. For all these cases, the isotropic–nematic

• coherence within local microenvironments in vivo, similar to our native tissue function [128]. Lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase transition of a dispersion of rod-like particles as a function of rod volume fraction (i.e., rod concentration). A biopolymer (such as dsDNA, collagen, chitin and cellulose) or a

Bombyx mori silk/titania/gold hybrid materials for photocatalytic water splitting: combining renewable raw materials with clean fuels

• Stefanie Krüger,
• Michael Schwarze,
• Otto Baumann,
• Christina Günter,
• Michael Bruns,
• Christian Kübel,
• Dorothée Vinga Szabó,
• Rafael Meinusch,
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 187–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.21

• , Goutailler et al. deposited an anatase/brookite NP mixture on cellulose from tetrabutylammonium bromide (N(n-Bu)4Br)/titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)4) solutions in hexane [32]. These NPs strongly interact via non-covalent interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonds [33][34]) with the cellulose fibers and the

Electrical properties of a liquid crystal dispersed in an electrospun cellulose acetate network

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Octavian Danila,
• Pedro L. Almeida and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 155–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.18

• in a similar fashion as PDLCs (polymer-dispersed liquid crystals), produced from cellulose acetate (CA) electrospun fibers deposited onto indium tin oxide coated glass and a nematic liquid crystal (E7), were studied. CA and the CA/liquid crystal composite were characterized by multiple investigation

• dielectric loss with the Havriliak–Negami functions. To determine the electrical characteristics of the studied samples, impedance measurements results were treated using the Cole–Cole diagram and the three-element equivalent model. Keywords: cellulose nanocomposite; dielectric spectroscopy; impedance

• optoelectronics (light valves, polarizers), architectural windows, reduction of solar heat load [2][6], nonlinear optics [7][8][9] and nanotechnological applications [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The macroscopic electro-optical effect in electrospun cellulose acetate/LC composites is similar to

Review on optofluidic microreactors for artificial photosynthesis

• Xiaowen Huang,
• Jianchun Wang,
• Tenghao Li,
• Jianmei Wang,
• Min Xu,
• Weixing Yu,
• Abdel El Abed and
• Xuming Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 30–41, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.5

• (e.g., sugar, cellulose). The global demand for food is increasing dramatically with the continuous growth of the world population [47]. An increase in population requires more land, water and energy, which in turn decreases the ability to produce food. Meanwhile, the requirement for more land results

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) [49], mercaptoundecanoic acid [38][39], 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one (PVP) [33][41], or hydroxypropyl cellulose [45][46][47]. In addition, in some studies, an adhesion layer was formed on the metal NP surface in order to better control the TiO2 shell growth [48]. The

Development of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrin nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery

• Gamze Varan,
• Juan M. Benito,
• Carmen Ortiz Mellet and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1457–1468, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.145

• -Aldrich, Germany. The chitosan used for coating the nanoparticles (Protasan UP G-113; MW: <200 kDa, viscosity: <20 mPa·s), was purchased from Novamatrix, Norway. Cellulose membrane dialysis tubing (avgerage flat width 25 mm, MWCO: 14,000 Da) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. All other chemicals

• dialysis membrane (Sigma, cellulose membrane, MWCO: 100,000 Da, Sigma Chemicals). The nanoparticle-containing dialysis bags, closed with stoppers on both ends, were placed in PBS pH 7.4 containing 0.1% Tween 80 at 37 °C to provide sink conditions. The samples were taken from the medium at specific time

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• than 100 nm and a net positive surface charge to facilitate cellular internalization of drug-loaded nanoparticles. Hydroxypropyl cellulose films were prepared to incorporate these nanoparticle dispersions to complete the implantable drug delivery system. Results: The diameter of core–shell

• particles, and the drug release rate from the nanoparticles was slowed down to 48 h by dispersing the nanoparticles in a hydroxypropyl cellulose film. Cell culture studies revealed that docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles cause higher cytotoxicity compared to the free docetaxel solution in DMSO. Conclusion

• . Dialysis tubing cellulose membrane (average flat width 25 mm, MWCO: 14,000 Da) and all organic solvents and chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Ultrapure water was obtained from a Millipore Simplicity 185 ultrapure water system, France and used without further purification. Methods Pre

Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy

• Isabella Tavernaro,
• Christian Cavelius,
• Henrike Peuschel and
• Annette Kraegeloh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.130

• particles were purified by dialysis against water (4 L, water exchange after 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 12 h) with dialysis membrane (Nadir, regenerated cellulose membrane, molecular weight cut-off: 10–20 kDa) from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), followed by filtration using a sterile 0.22 µm cellulose acetate

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• methanol, dried under ambient conditions and subsequently dissolved in water by neutralizing with 25 wt % aqueous ammonia solution. The clear polymer solution was transferred into dialysis tubing (Aldrich, cellulose membrane, typical molecular weight cut-off: 3500 kDa) and the dialysis was carried out