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Search for "diffusion" in Full Text gives 717 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

  • Ha Tran Huu,
  • Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
  • Vuong Hoang Ngo,
  • Huy Hoang Luc,
  • Minh Kha Le,
  • Minh Thu Nguyen,
  • My Loan Phung Le,
  • Hye Rim Kim,
  • In Young Kim,
  • Sung Jin Kim,
  • Van Man Tran and
  • Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

Graphical Abstract
  • the low-frequency region. The former component is characteristic of charge transfer resistance, while the latter presents the diffusion of ions in the solid phase. Compared to the pure Ge electrode, the diameters of the semicircle are smaller in the Ge@C electrodes because of the higher electrical
  • elements (CPE) [65]. According to Table 2, the charge transfer resistances of all Ge@C electrodes are much lower than the values of the pure Ge electrode, and Ge/C-iM750 exhibits the lowest value. The ionic conductivity was evaluated using the lithium-ion diffusion coefficient () using the following
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Published 26 Jun 2023

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

  • Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
  • Norikhwan Hamzah,
  • Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
  • Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
  • Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

Graphical Abstract
  • difficult to achieve in a highly heterogeneous environment. Therefore, the analysis of the properties of the reaction zone within the flame is critical for the optimal growth of CNTs. In the present study, a comprehensive comparison between the CNT synthesis using a methane diffusion flame and a premixed
  • significant difference in temperature distribution between the two flames causes a difference in the characteristics of the growth products. In the diffusion flame, the growth is limited to specific regions at certain height-above-burner (HAB) values with a temperature range of 750 to 950 °C at varying radial
  • control to achieve stable growth conditions. Yet, achieving independent parametric control in flame synthesis is a challenging task. In a diffusion flame, specific locations within the flame are imperative and conducive for CNT growth, depending on height above burner (HAB), local distance from the flame
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Published 21 Jun 2023

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

  • Mattia da Lisca,
  • José Alvarez,
  • James P. Connolly,
  • Nicolas Vaissiere,
  • Karim Mekhazni,
  • Jean Decobert and
  • Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

Graphical Abstract
  • 1 × 1018 cm−3. The three Zn doping levels of InP layers were purposely inverted along the growth direction to facilitate electrochemical capacitance–voltage (ECV) characterization due to the strong Zn diffusion. The InP:Zn and the GaInAsP:Zn layers were epitaxially grown at a surface temperature of
  • KELSCAN [13], which evaluates the contact potential and surface photovoltage as a function of the position. The Silvaco ATLAS model solves the Poisson equation self-consistently coupled to carrier continuity and transport equations in the well-known drift diffusion model, which is given detail in [22] and
  • space charge that extends for around 0.16 μm inside the first InP:Zn region. As a matter of fact, the diffusion of Zn impurities is likely to occur due to the high temperatures required for the growth of the material and the high diffusion coefficient of Zn in InP [30]. Therefore, the true spatial
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Published 14 Jun 2023

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

  • Sanju Tanwar,
  • Aditi Sharma and
  • Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

Graphical Abstract
  • the electrode are diffusion-controlled, and the linear relationship (R2 = 0.9674) between peak height and scan rate suggests an enhanced electrochemical activity. Electrochemical detection of malathion Using the modified working GQDs/GCE electrode as electrochemical sensor, a differential pulse
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Published 09 Jun 2023

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

  • Jelena Kosmaca,
  • Juris Katkevics,
  • Jana Andzane,
  • Raitis Sondors,
  • Liga Jasulaneca,
  • Raimonds Meija,
  • Kiryl Niherysh,
  • Yelyzaveta Rublova and
  • Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

Graphical Abstract
  • , e.g., RH 73% and 95%, Figure 2a). A small tail at low frequencies (RH 95%, Figure 2a inset) corresponds to the appearance of a Warburg element W in the equivalent circuit (Figure 2b), which may be attributed to diffusion processes from liquids at high humidity. The values of impedance magnitude and
  • the physisorbed water layer grows [27][32]. At RH above 60% (Figure 4b) the Warburg element appears and it grows with increasing the humidity, which suggests increased contribution of the diffusion processes to the total impedance with increased thickness of the water layer adsorbed at the nanowire
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Published 05 Jun 2023

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

  • Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
  • Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
  • Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

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  • 100 nm are the main choice for the design of electrochemical sensors. These characteristics all combine to improve the electrochemical process. A sensing or working electrode that acts as a transducer, an electrolyte, a diffusion barrier, and a reference counter electrode are the common components of
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Published 01 Jun 2023

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

  • Celia Martín-Morales,
  • Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
  • Pilar Aranda and
  • Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

Graphical Abstract
  • –alginate biohybrid beads strongly limit the diffusion of metabolites, as we determined by means of diffusion studies using Congo red and crystal violet dyes (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). It can be concluded that the developed sepiolite–biopolymer nanostructured materials exhibit interesting
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Published 25 Apr 2023

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

  • Chia-Yang Lin and
  • Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

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  • , yielding a temperature profile based on the optical absorption and bulk/surface recombination properties. Here, the photothermal effect refers to this temperature distribution caused by the diffusion and recombination of optically excited carriers. In organic materials, the delocalization of electrons in π
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Published 04 Apr 2023

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

  • Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

Graphical Abstract
  • water impermeability of the bilayer membrane causes one-dimensional swelling and diffusion, and the hydrophobic aggregates act as sacrificial bonds to yield high mechanical strength and toughness during deformation. The abovementioned general examples could be involved in parts of nanoarchitectonics
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Published 03 Apr 2023

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

  • A. R. Indhu,
  • L. Keerthana and
  • Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Graphical Abstract
  • through pump–probe laser spectroscopy [83]. From the slope of this transient reflectivity curve, the coupling constant is arrived at, from which the lattice temperature is calculated through the two-temperature model by means of two coupled diffusion equations, where Te and Tl are, respectively, the
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Published 27 Mar 2023

Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

  • Akif Hakan Kurt,
  • Elif Berna Olutas,
  • Fatma Avcioglu,
  • Hamza Karakuş,
  • Mehmet Ali Sungur,
  • Cansu Kara Oztabag and
  • Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

Graphical Abstract
  • strains of S. aureus (ATCC 25923), S. epidermidis (ATCC 12228), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and E. coli (ATCC 8739), which are generally opportunistic pathogens, were used in the study. The antibacterial activity of diluted nanoparticle solutions was investigated by the agar disc diffusion method. The
  • studied against Gram-negative (P. aeruginosa and E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) bacteria using the disc diffusion method. The inhibition zone diameters obtained after adding Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs in three different concentrations (1/1, 1/3, and 1/5 dilutions) are presented in
  • (ampicillin and amikacin) in terms of inhibition zone diameters by disc diffusion. Values in parentheses indicate the dilution ratios from the stock NPs and the measured diameters. A p-value of 0.05 was considered a statistical significance level. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 10
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Published 20 Mar 2023

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

  • Yao Yao,
  • Yeongun Ko,
  • Grant Grasman,
  • Jeffery E. Raymond and
  • Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

Graphical Abstract
  • within the nanoparticle and, thus, in preventing the diffusion and association of probe molecules [6]. For these types of assays, it is very common for the result of concentration measurements to be significantly lower than those obtained from free NAT systems with identical concentrations. Inclusion of
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Published 17 Mar 2023

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

  • Santiago Grijalvo and
  • Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

Graphical Abstract
  • the solvent can also be removed by selective diffusion [22]. The emulsion solvent evaporation method enables the use of biocompatible polymers, thermolabile compounds, and low-toxicity surfactants. The nanoparticle size can be tuned by formulation parameters and since the nanoparticles are directly
  • encapsulated in these ethyl cellulose nanoparticles by dissolving it in the hydrophobic droplet phase of the starting nanoemulsions. The drug release from the nanoparticles appeared to follow a coupled diffusion/relaxation model. Nanoemulsions containing ethyl cellulose have also been prepared at room
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Published 13 Mar 2023

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

  • Magdalena Lasak and
  • Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

Graphical Abstract
  • on the physiology of the organ. The continuous endothelium is characterized by the lowest permeability. Most organs possess a continuous endothelium, which allows for diffusion of water and small molecules. Transporters, pumps, transcytosis, and ligand–receptor interactions are used to transport
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Published 08 Mar 2023

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

  • Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
  • Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

Graphical Abstract
  • nanodots), dimension, and particle size of the photocatalyst. Functional properties such as bandgap, optoelectronic properties, surface area, photoresponse, and magnetic properties depend on particle size and morphology of Bi-based photocatalysts. For instance, the charge diffusion path can be decreased by
  • photocatalysis over the past few years due to their distinct optical and electronic characteristics [42][88][106]. Simple strain relaxation and short diffusion paths are benefits of 1-D nanostructured materials and are advantageous for the separation of photogenerated carriers [102]. 1-D spindle-like BiVO4
  • nanostructures with oriented carrier transport, high optical performance, and a short carrier diffusion length, for instance, were prepared by Li and co-workers [42]. The photodegradation rates of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were, respectively, 94.8% and 81.1% after 1 h. Additionally, Lin et al. [122
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Published 03 Mar 2023

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

  • Filip Gorachinov,
  • Fatima Mraiche,
  • Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
  • Ola Hishari,
  • Yomna Ismail,
  • Jensa Joseph,
  • Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
  • Marija Glavas Dodov,
  • Nikola Geskovski and
  • Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

Graphical Abstract
  • targeting efficacy of nanomedicines. Various solutions have been proposed to improve mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) evasion, extravasation at the tumor site, and diffusion through the dense collagen matrix of the solid tumors. Biomimetic, multifunctional, and multistage targeted nanoscale delivery
  • nanosized drug delivery carriers: Mixed-layer and multilayered nanocarriers with bioresponsive and cleavable layers, possessing different functional properties for improving the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, diffusion in the tumor microenvironment, cellular internalization and
  • , the pH-responsive linker between HA and PEG is hydrolyzed, leading to the cleavage of the HA layer. This, in turn, decreases the NP size and enables faster tumor diffusion, improved internalization, and drug release at the site of action. These nanocarriers exhibited a high degree of tumor homing, low
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Published 22 Feb 2023

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

  • Yaroslav V. Turkin and
  • Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

Graphical Abstract
  • superconducting condensate in the weak proximity effect regime can be described via the nonstationary Usadel equation [18][19][30]: where is the stationary BCS superconducting order parameter matrix [28], D is the diffusion constant, is the auxiliary matrix in Nambu–spin-Keldysh space, is the time convolution
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Published 21 Feb 2023

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

  • Bogusław Budner,
  • Wojciech Tokarz,
  • Sławomir Dyjak,
  • Andrzej Czerwiński,
  • Bartosz Bartosewicz and
  • Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

Graphical Abstract
  • to deposit Pt for the cathode of PEM fuel cells only in a few studies, and in all of them only on gas diffusion layers of carbon fabric or on proton conductive Nafion membrane [27][32][33]. According to our knowledge, no studies have been reported on the PLD deposition of Pt catalyst on carbon
  • losses [33]. These losses result accordingly from the necessity to overcome the activation barriers of electrode reactions, the non-zero internal resistance of the cell, and resistance of diffusion and convection of the substrates and products of the electrode reactions. All losses coincide at each point
  • the catalytic and diffusion layers. The microscopic water droplets must leave the MEA and the cell, but in some cases, they are temporarily trapped in the diffusion layer or the flow fields. The presence of water results in a temporary decrease of the current due to the transport resistance increase
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Published 02 Feb 2023

Formation of nanoflowers: Au and Ni silicide cores surrounded by SiOx branches

  • Feitao Li,
  • Siyao Wan,
  • Dong Wang and
  • Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 133–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.14

Graphical Abstract
  • ][4], dewetting of the Au/Ni bilayers and diffusion of Au and Ni atoms from the bilayers to the SiO2/Si interface begin at high temperatures. Simultaneously, decomposition is initiated at the SiO2/Si interface, and it can be strengthened by the diffused Au and Ni atoms to finally form the
  • nm. XRD patterns of the dewetted systems after annealing at 1050 °C. The standard data of Au (PDF 03-065-2870) and Ni (PDF 03-065-0380) are listed. Formation mechanisms at elevated temperatures. (a) As-deposited bilayers and Au/Ni diffusion along nanochannels (dashed lines) in the SiO2 layer. All
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Published 20 Jan 2023

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

  • Jessica Plé,
  • Marine Dabert,
  • Helene Lecoq,
  • Sophie Hellé,
  • Lydie Ploux and
  • Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

Graphical Abstract
  • and plate diffusion assays) of AgNP@polymer nanocomposites-coated textiles against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains. The mechanical properties (flexibility, adhesion, abrasion) were also studied using a Mini-Martindale device, a standard scratch test kit, scanning
  • is denser than in the case of PEG600DA diacrylate monomer, which ultimately limits not only the increase in particle size but also the migration/diffusion of silver ions and NPs towards the surface. This affects the final thickness of the top metal layer, the depth of the concentration gradient and
  • diffusion of silver ions towards the surface, resulting in the observed thin top metal layer (90 nm) of the Ag@PEG600DA/PETIA film, as confirmed in the TEM images (Figure 5). The metal layer is not thick enough to withstand the damage inflicted by the abrasion process. Rheological properties Potential
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Published 12 Jan 2023

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

  • Adrien Chauvin,
  • Walter Puglisi,
  • Damien Thiry,
  • Cristina Satriano,
  • Rony Snyders and
  • Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

Graphical Abstract
  • diffusion of Ag atoms, and the reaction between Cl− and Al proceeds faster than that for other anions [47]. To complete the optimization of the SERS nanoporous silver substrate towards the detection of RhB, films with different silver compositions (i.e., 18, 30, and 36 atom %) were dealloyed using H3PO4 and
  •  6a). For AlAg18, the ligament size is similar (≈30 nm) for HCl and H3PO4 dealloying media. However, for higher initial silver contents, samples dealloyed in HCl reveal larger ligaments than those dealloyed in H3PO4 and NaOH. This observation can be related to the fast diffusion of Ag promoted by Cl
  • in a different way according to the initial silver content since smaller pores are observed for a lower amount of initial silver content. This effect is more pronounced for samples dealloyed in HCl since the Cl− ions accelerate the diffusion of the silver atoms and promote dealloying [47]. After 120
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Published 11 Jan 2023

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

  • Bin Liu,
  • Etienne Duguet and
  • Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

Graphical Abstract
  • diffusion-controlled” stage, which can be attributed to the fact that the sedimentation of the chains becomes the rate-limiting factor when they become relatively long. We recently reported that the length of the chains made of 105 nm or 130 nm 2-PSN can be controlled by the addition of 1-PSN with a PPSR of
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Published 06 Jan 2023

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

  • Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
  • Antonio Leo,
  • Federico Chianese,
  • Loredana Parlato,
  • Giovanni Piero Pepe,
  • Angela Nigro,
  • Carla Cirillo and
  • Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

Graphical Abstract
  • Figure 4a). In fact, kF = 3Dm/ℏ [47], where D = [48] is the quasiparticle diffusion coefficient and m is the mass of the electron. From the value of D reported in Table 1, we get kF ≈ 1.3 and then α = 0.51. In contrast, data are very well reproduced by the WHH theory with α = 0, even though the points
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Published 05 Jan 2023

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

  • Chang-Ming Wang,
  • Hong-Sheng Chan,
  • Chia-Li Liao,
  • Che-Wei Chang and
  • Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

Graphical Abstract
  • and device fabrication [13][14]. Nevertheless, pattern resolution and reproducibility in contact printing approaches are affected by several factors, most notably the ink molecule lateral diffusion, gas phase transportation, and rubber stamp deformation [15][16]. These are unavoidable issues in soft
  • lithography operations and could severely limit the obtainable feature resolution if neglected. Chemical lift-off lithography (CLL) is a rapidly emerging subtractive lithographic technique that aims to overcome the lateral diffusion and gas phase transfer obstacles present in conventional soft lithography [17
  • master mold is placed in contact with the SAM, which initiates a covalent bonding between stamp surface siloxyl groups and alkanethiol hydroxy tails. Removal of the stamp from the SAM-covered surface lifts off alkanethiol molecules at the contact region, and thus circumventing the lateral diffusion issue
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Published 04 Jan 2023

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

  • Fernanda R. Leivas and
  • Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

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  • addition to the hydrophobicity described above. The phenomena of density increasing with temperature at constant pressure and diffusion coefficients increasing with density at constant temperature were observed in experiments and simulations in bulk water [22][23][24]. Water presents both super flow and
  • ). Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using the LAMMPS [48] package using an NVT ensemble with a timestep of 0.1 fs. The TIP4P/2005 [49] water model was used since it provides a satisfactory description of self-diffusion coefficient [50], phase diagram, vapor–liquid equilibria [51][52], vapor
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Published 02 Jan 2023
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