Silicon microgrooves for contact guidance of human aortic endothelial cells

• Sara Fernández-Castillejo,
• Pilar Formentín,
• Úrsula Catalán,
• Josep Pallarès,
• Lluís F. Marsal and
• Rosa Solà

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.72

• samples were treated in KOH (0.1 M) for 3 min and HNO3 (0.1 M) for 10 min to increase the density of surface hydroxy groups [39]. For collagen treatment of the substrates, the surface was chemically modified following the APTES–GTA–collagen sequence. In brief, oxidized samples were hydroxylated and

Association of aescin with β- and γ-cyclodextrins studied by DFT calculations and spectroscopic methods

• Ana I. Ramos,
• Pedro D. Vaz,
• Susana S. Braga and
• Artur M. S. Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.37

• with six (α-CD), seven (β-CD) and eight (γ-CD) units of α-D-glucose, which occur in nature from bacterial degradation of starch [13]. Their particular shape – a truncated cone with a hydrophobic cavity and a large number of hydroxy groups at the rims – enables them to include a variety of hydrophobic

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• -functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles are presented in Figure 5a. In case of pure TiO2, a significant mass loss assigned to hydroxy groups was observed until 400 °C. For the in situ surface-functionalized samples, the mass loss (at 230–460 °C) was assigned to the combustion of the organic part of the silane. The

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• %)-ZrO2 are shown in Figure 7. Peaks at 3446 and 1628 cm−1 corresponding to the ν(O–H) and δ(OH) vibrations of H2O can be seen. In general, residual water and hydroxy groups are found in the materials regardless of the used preparation method [37]. The FTIR spectra of both samples show bands between 500

Ordering of Zn-centered porphyrin and phthalocyanine on TiO₂(011): STM studies

• Piotr Olszowski,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Szymon Godlewski,
• Bartosz Such,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Res Jöhr,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 99–107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.11

• the hydroxy groups on the titania surface. However, it was shown that the two equivalent N–H–Obr bonds are formed in the most favored configuration for the porphyrin molecules on TiO2(110) [28]. Formation and ordering of ZnPc/ZnTPP heterostructures In our recent work on CuPc molecule overlayers on

• the STM image but not incorporated in the model) correspond to hydroxy groups [11][16]. The CuPc and ZnPc molecules were provided by Sigma-Aldrich, whereas ZnTPP by TriPorTech and was thermally evaporated from the Knudsen effusion cells with the rate calibrated at approximately 1 ML/h. The structural

• surface hydroxy groups. (b) Top, (c) cross-section and perspective views of the surface layer “ball model” following the interpretation of the STM image proposed by Woolcot et al. [32]. Light red, red, and dark red circles indicate O; gray small dots indicate Ti atoms. Chemical structure of the molecules

Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic "insect adhesives"

• Matthias W. Speidel,
• Malte Kleemeier,
• Andreas Hartwig,
• Klaus Rischka,
• Angelika Ellermann,
• Rolf Daniels and
• Oliver Betz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 45–63, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.6

• carbohydrate equivalent because of its numerous hydroxy groups. In our preparations, the gelatin was plasticized by the addition of glycerine. Our second generation of synthetic "insect adhesives" (containing less viscous components) consisted of the n-alkane octacosane (C28) and the hexamethyl-alkane squalane

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• oxidation of hydroxy groups of the carbohydrate as the precursor 1-thio-glucose contains no carbonyl group. The carboxylic acid in the stabilizing agent was confirmed by the XPS O–C=O signal and IR bands at 3270, 1732 and 1014 cm−1 (Figure S9, Supporting Information File 1). To confirm the XPS and IR

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• hydroxy groups) by carbonization in basic media. The FTIR spectra of the C-NPs obtained when carrots and tree leaves were carbonized in a NaOH 30% (w/v) media are shown in comparison (Figure S3, Supporting Information File 1). As can be observed, the functional groups of all nanoparticles seemed to be the

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• PVA with water molecules during immersion – the PVA molecular structure contains hydroxy groups, which interact with water molecules at the expense of the interaction with PEG molecules, which are consequently released faster. The lower polarity of PCL and PLA and therefore weaker interaction with

• derivatization agent phenyl isocyanate was added. Dibutyltin dilaurate (500 ppm) was used to increase the reaction rate between phenyl isocyanate and the hydroxy groups and to ensure the double derivatization of PEGs. The reaction solution was stirred for 7 h. The reaction yield was 89.5%. Preparation of

Transformations of PTCDA structures on rutile TiO₂ induced by thermal annealing and intermolecular forces

• Szymon Godlewski,
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymoński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1498–1507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.155

• located in between. The overall STM appearance is much different from the surface topography. Additional bright spots recorded within dark oxygen rows are attributed to oxygen vacancies (fainter spots) or single and double surface hydroxy groups (brighter spots). The oxygen vacancies are created during

• the preparation procedure, leading to a slight reduction of the sample and decreasing the intrinsic band gap from approximately 3.0 eV to 1.5–2.5 eV. Hydroxy groups are created as a result of atomic hydrogen adsorption and dissociative adsorption of water at oxygen vacancies. The surface is very

• sensitive to the presence of water among residual gases and therefore the maintenance of the high vacuum level during sample preparation plays a crucial role. The adopted experimental procedure enables us to obtain clean surfaces with several oxygen vacancies and some hydroxy groups after final annealing

PLGA nanoparticles as a platform for vitamin D-based cancer therapy

• Maria J. Ramalho,
• Joana A. Loureiro,
• Bárbara Gomes,
• Manuela F. Frasco,
• Manuel A. N. Coelho and
• M. Carmo Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1306–1318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.135

• (Figure 1, white arrow) [29]. Both forms of vitamin D3 were used for the formulation of the nanocarrier system and variations in the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were noticed. The observed differences may be based on their chemical structure, since calcitriol has two extra hydroxy groups

Self-assembled anchor layers/polysaccharide coatings on titanium surfaces: a study of functionalization and stability

• Ognen Pop-Georgievski,
• Dana Kubies,
• Josef Zemek,
• Neda Neykova,
• Roman Demianchuk,
• Eliška Mázl Chánová,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Milan Houska and
• František Rypáček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 617–631, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.63

• wettability of the surface, yielding enhanced osteoblast differentiation [19]. The success of these modifications is highly dependent on the chemical state, reactivity and surface concentration of the hydroxy groups, as well as the presence of contaminants [12]. Therefore, one of the main objectives of this

• XPS spectra of the studied titanium surfaces. The O 1s envelope could be resolved into surface oxide contributions at 530.3 ± 0.1 eV, 531.5 ± 0.1 eV and 533.0 ± 0.3 eV arising from titanium oxides (TiO2 and Ti2O3), Al2O3 and SiO2, respectively. The presence of hydroxy groups on the surface was

• change in the ratio between surface hydroxy and oxide from 0.04 for the untreated titanium surfaces to values in the range 0.1–0.2 for the activated ones. The careful analysis of the obtained high resolution O 1s spectra enabled the estimation of the concentration of hydroxy groups on the titanium

Tm-doped TiO₂ and Tm₂Ti₂O₇ pyrochlore nanoparticles: enhancing the photocatalytic activity of rutile with a pyrochlore phase

• Desiré M. De los Santos,
• Javier Navas,
• Teresa Aguilar,
• Antonio Sánchez-Coronilla,
• Concha Fernández-Lorenzo,
• Rodrigo Alcántara,
• Jose Carlos Piñero,
• Ginesa Blanco and
• Joaquín Martín-Calleja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 605–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.62

• electrons and holes react with oxygen, water or hydroxy groups to produce highly reducing or oxidizing species that are capable of degrading different organic and inorganic compounds [4]. For this reason, there have been many studies on the synthesis of TiO2 regarding the control of its physical and

• for the 5.8 atom % Tm-doped TiO2 sample annealed at 973 K, which is considered as representative of the spectra obtained. The most intense contribution appeared around 529.8 eV and is assigned to O2− in the TiO2 lattice. The other contributions are assigned to adsorbed species, such as hydroxy groups

• demonstrates how the amount of O in the adsorbed species increases with the Tm concentration. This is due to the increase in oxygen vacancies produced, and thus in the number of adsorption centers available. The adsorption of hydroxy groups onto the surface is of interest in photocatalytic applications

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• measurements. As shown in Figure 2, these results highlight that the films are hydrophilic with a contact angle of 65°. This value is independent of the film thickness, but decreases with ethanol dilution up to 34° (inset of Figure 2). This suggests a correlation between the distribution of hydroxy groups

Caveolin-1 and CDC42 mediated endocytosis of silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in HeLa cells

• Nils Bohmer and
• Andreas Jordan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 167–176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.16

• oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) SPIONs were provided and characterized by MagForce AG. SPIONs with an iron oxide core of 15 nm and a silica shell of 5 nm were modified by coupling the respective functional groups as an ethoxy- or rather methoxysilane to the free hydroxy groups of the surface (Figure 2

Multifunctional layered magnetic composites

• Maria Siglreitmeier,
• Baohu Wu,
• Tina Kollmann,
• Martin Neubauer,
• Gergely Nagy,
• Dietmar Schwahn,
• Vitaliy Pipich,
• Damien Faivre,
• Dirk Zahn,
• Andreas Fery and
• Helmut Cölfen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 134–148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.13

• helical (Gly–Hyp–Pro)n peptide [44] of 100 Å length with two associated iron clusters. a) The ferric ion (light blue) is coordinated by seven oxygen atoms of which the three hydroxides show the strongest interaction and an Fe–O distance of 2.7 Å. The Fe–O distances to the solvent and to carbonyl/hydroxy

• groups of collagen were found to be about 3 Å. b) The ferrous ion (green) is also coordinated by seven oxygen atoms, but does not show a bipyramidal structure. More importantly, one of the hydroxide ions dissociated into the solvent. The Fe–O distances for iron–collagen and iron–water contacts were found

Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• effect of the surface layer on the NP density becomes particularly evident for NPs smaller than 50 nm, and thus, the density of nanoparticles is size dependent. Keywords: density; hydrothermal synthesis; hydroxy groups; nanometrology; nanopowders; zirconia; Introduction Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) has a

• improvement in the density was attributed to the higher crystallinity of the nanoparticles, that is, a smaller amount of amorphous hydroxides were present as the synthesis temperature was increased. The presence of hydroxy groups on the nanoparticle surface may strongly influence many of their properties such

• as their chemical reactivity and hydrophilic properties. The hydroxy groups on the NP surface can also operate as effective adsorption sites for organic substances from the atmosphere [23]. Grave and colleagues attributed the increase of the nanopowder luminescence intensity with gain growth to the

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescence-labelled silica core-shell and noble metal-decorated ceria nanoparticles

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• Markus Rennhak and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2413–2423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.251

• Figure 1 containing triethoxysilyl groups to ensure easy connections to hydroxy groups at the surface of oxidic nanoparticles (MPD: [5]; BPD: [6][7]). A similar asymmetric dye is reported in [8]. The fluorescence emission spectrum of MPD in ethanol (Figure 2, left) upon excitation at 488 nm shows an

• media not exceeding one weak of duration. At 120 °C at ceria NP the dye is completely destroyed within 90 min, the typical conditions for sterilization prior to biological experiments. Oxidic nanoparticles like SiO2, TiO2, CeO2, ZnO and Al2O3 generally contain hydroxy groups at their surface to saturate

• dangling bonds at the margin of the three-dimensional networks. These groups can react with the triethoxysilyl group of APS-modified dyes and connect them covalently to the surface. In principle, each −Si(OEt)3 group can form three M–O–Si bonds, provided that the density of the hydroxy groups at the

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• electron donor and C60 were added to GO through an esterification reaction between the carboxyl groups of GO and the hydroxy groups present on ZnPc as well as on the fullerene derivative. Photoexcitation of ZnPc–GO–C60 at 390 nm, the wavelength at which ZnPc was predominantly excited, resulted in the

Ionic liquid-assisted formation of cellulose/calcium phosphate hybrid materials

• Ahmed Salama,
• Mike Neumann,
• Christina Günter and
• Andreas Taubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1553–1568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.167

• 3500 cm−1, which suggests that these precipitates are relatively free from water or hydroxy groups. In contrast, all other samples (CPGAA48, CPNaOH24, CPNaOH48) show strong bands at 3350 to 3360 cm−1 indicating the presence of significant amounts of hydroxy- or water-containing calcium phosphate phases

A sonochemical approach to the direct surface functionalization of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane

• Bashiru Kayode Sodipo and
• Azlan Abdul Aziz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1472–1476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.160

• sonochemically assisted silanization process. More fundamental research needs to be carried out. In the silanization reaction, the ethoxy groups of the APTES molecule react with the terminal hydroxy groups (OH) on the SPION binding site to form silanol (Si–O–H) groups. The Si–O–H further condenses with other

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• hydroxy groups are gradually removed from GO, resulting in an increase of sp2 π-conjugated domains and defect carbons with holes for the formed RGO. The RGO conductivity increases due to the restoration of sp2 π-conjugated domains. The photocatalytic activity of EY-RGO/Pt for hydrogen evolution was

• through controlling irradiation time. After the irradiation, the epoxy, carbonyl and hydroxy groups of GO are gradually removed, sp2 π-conjugated domains increase, and the formed RGO sheets have holes. The conductivity of RGOx and the adsorption amount of EY on the surface of RGOx increase with the

Photoactivation of luminescence in CdS nanocrystals

• Valentyn Smyntyna,
• Bogdan Semenenko,
• Valentyna Skobeeva and
• Nikolay Malushin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 355–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.40

• exhibited a photostimulation of the short-wavelength luminescence with λmax = 480 nm. The determining factor of the photostimulation effect is the phenomenon of adsorption of water molecules on the surface of the nanocrystals. Hydroxy groups of the water molecules participate in the passivation of surface

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• peaks was 5.7 eV, which is consistent with the binding energy separation observed for stoichiometric TiO2 [16]. The O 1s peak was deconvoluted into three peaks at 529.8, 530.7 and 532.2 eV for all samples. These can be assigned to oxygen in the O−Ti bonds and O−H bonds of the hydroxy groups and in O−C