Low temperature co-fired ceramic packaging of CMOS capacitive sensor chip towards cell viability monitoring

• Niina Halonen,
• Joni Kilpijärvi,
• Maciej Sobocinski,
• Timir Datta-Chaudhuri,
• Antti Hassinen,
• Someshekar B. Prakash,
• Peter Möller,
• Pamela Abshire,
• Sakari Kellokumpu and
• Anita Lloyd Spetz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1871–1877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.179

• sacrificial carbon tape (C12, Advanced Technologies). The intention was to attach suitable tubes between the fluidic channels and a reservoir and to use, for example, a peristaltic pump to transport the liquid to the sensor chip. The packaged chip was connected, using a zero insertion force (ZIF) connector

Thickness-modulated tungsten–carbon superconducting nanostructures grown by focused ion beam induced deposition for vortex pinning up to high magnetic fields

• Ismael García Serrano,
• Javier Sesé,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow,
• Sebastián Vieira,
• Manuel Ricardo Ibarra and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1698–1708, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.162

• ] and insertion of structural defects [35][37][43] are other common pinning strategies. The use of a focused ion beam (FIB) for enhanced vortex pinning through local removal of the superconducting material has been explored as well [40][42][46][47][48]. In contrast to our approach followed here, such

Enhanced detection of nitrogen dioxide via combined heating and pulsed UV operation of indium oxide nano-octahedra

• Oriol Gonzalez,
• Sergio Roso,
• Xavier Vilanova and
• Eduard Llobet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1507–1518, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.144

• cleaned before their insertion in the CVD reactor by three consecutive, five minutes long steps of sonication in acetone, ethanol and deionized water, respectively. Finally cleaned substrates were dried using a flow of pure dry air. In a typical synthesis, 0.3 g of high purity In metal powder (99.99% pure

An efficient recyclable magnetic material for the selective removal of organic pollutants

• Clément Monteil,
• Nathalie Bar,
• Agnès Bee and
• Didier Villemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1447–1453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.136

• atomic absorption spectroscopy in the supernatant. The decreasing of effectiveness is already under study. Conclusion The modulation of positive and negative charges of phosphonated polyethylenimine, through the controlled insertion of phosphonate groups on polyethylenimine, can be considered as an

Microwave synthesis of high-quality and uniform 4 nm ZnFe₂O₄ nanocrystals for application in energy storage and nanomagnetics

• Christian Suchomski,
• Ben Breitung,
• Ralf Witte,
• Michael Knapp,
• Sondes Bauer,
• Tilo Baumbach,
• Christian Reitz and
• Torsten Brezesinski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1350–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.126

• -size particles can better accommodate the strain from the Li insertion, nanocrystallinity seems to be playing the key role to achieving “good” charge storage characteristics or, in other words, high performance. Various synthetic methods to produce single-phase spinel ferrite nanoparticles have been

• numbers in the first cycle differential capacity plot in Figure 8b) occur depending upon the potential, which is consistent with findings of others [54][55][56]. According to their study, the weak peak (I) at around 1.45 V can be assigned to the reversible insertion of ≈0.4 Li per f.u., while the shoulder

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• conversion potential and small voltage hysteresis [8][12][13]. However, as a typical perovskite semiconductor, MnO usually suffers inherently poor conductivity and severe volume change during Li+ insertion/extraction, which can seriously lead to capacity fading and further limit its application [4][5][8

• , and the robust beaded nanofiber network with structural endurance that effectively alleviates the volume change of the electrode during lithium insertion–extraction. Conclusion A novel beaded nanofiber carbon network anchored with MnO and N was fabricated via a synthesis route of electrospinning

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• ., detergents, oligosaccharides or enzymes on polymer–lipid miscibility and membrane stability has been analyzed [45]. Although the insertion and distribution of OmpF and the potassium channel MloK1 in lipopolymer films has been studied, the functionality of both proteins in a lipopolymer environment has not

• (Figure 5A). Current recordings taken at a low membrane potential of 50 mV or 60 mV showed characteristic steps of current increase reflecting the insertion of OmpF into all membranes, independent of the molecular weight of the PIPEO present. At higher voltages, in particular above 100 mV, gating in the

• transmembrane current was observed for all lipopolymer membranes (Figure 5B). This was attributed to reversible closing and opening of individual channels of OmpF [60][61][62]. A total of 31 insertion events revealed an average conductance level of OmpF in the membranes of about 2.1 nS to 2.3 nS at low membrane

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• covalent conjugation of triptycene derivatives with any biomolecules has not yet been reported. Using the functionalization of tryptycene with DNA, the construction of tailorable porous structures is envisioned here. The insertion of synthetic molecules into DNA could alter the assembly outcome as well as

Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

• Claudia Koch,
• Fabian J. Eber,
• Carlos Azucena,
• Alexander Förste,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Alexander M. Bittner,
• Holger Jeske,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Fania C. Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 613–629, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.54

• shown as a black line. Assembly of TMV starts with insertion of the RNA origin of assembly (OAs)-loop into the central hole of a protein disk, resulting in its conformational change into a helical “lockwasher” and the formation of an RNA “traveling loop” (indicated with arrow) and integration of the

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of hybrid metallic–dielectric plasmonic nanoantennas

• Mario Hentschel,
• Bernd Metzger,
• Bastian Knabe,
• Karsten Buse and
• Harald Giessen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 111–120, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.13

• caused by a change in the linear response than by the insertion of the nanocrystals. These findings indicate that we do not observe second harmonic generation from the nanocrystals. First of all, it is puzzling why the structures without the crystals already show a significant SH emission. In the

Vibration-mediated Kondo transport in molecular junctions: conductance evolution during mechanical stretching

• David Rakhmilevitch and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2417–2422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.249

• rupture. After the introduction of CuPc to the bare Ag junction, new counts at conductance values mostly below 0.2G0 can be observed, as demonstrated in Figure 3b. This is an indication for the insertion of molecules into the junction. The formation of molecular junctions was further verified by

• observed for four junctions. Conductance–length histograms, indicating the most probable conductance of the junction during the final stages of junction elongation before (a) and after (b) CuPc insertion. Both histograms were taken at a voltage of 50 mV, and the lower limit of the conductance scale was

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• incorporated in the Ppy films was higher when electropolymerization was carried out by chronopotentiometry (CP). Besides, cogeneration method allowed for the incorporation of a higher number of AuNPs than trapping. Impedance experiments demonstrated that the insertion of AuNPs increased the conductivity. As an

• been reported that the insertion of NPs into the sensing layer provides remarkable properties compared to conventional polymeric matrices. Several examples have been reported in the literature. For instance, electrochemically deposited Ppy/AuNP films have demonstrated a great potential to detect DNA

• conductivity changes resulting from the insertion of AuNPs in the Ppy films. The complex impedance can be plotted as the real (Zreal) vs imaginary (Zimaginary) components (Nyquist plot), which are related to the resistance and capacitance of the cell, respectively. At high frequencies (left part of the diagram

Nitrogen-doped graphene films from chemical vapor deposition of pyridine: influence of process parameters on the electrical and optical properties

• Andrea Capasso,
• Theodoros Dikonimos,
• Francesca Sarto,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Giovanni De Bellis,
• Maria Sabrina Sarto,
• Giuliana Faggio,
• Angela Malara,
• Giacomo Messina and
• Nicola Lisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2028–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.206

• pyridine on copper substrates. Pyridine-CVD is expected to lead to doped graphene by the insertion of nitrogen atoms in the growing sp2 carbon lattice, possibly improving the properties of graphene as a transparent conductive film. We here report on the influence that the CVD parameters (i.e., temperature

• profound effect on the insertion of nitrogen atoms into the graphene lattice (and hence on the doping level). Pyridine decomposes mainly into hydrogen, acetylene (C2H2) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) [34], which is the compound expected to be at the basis of the heterogeneous doping of graphene. The

• grown by pyridine (0.92 at 1 sccm H2 and 1.16 at 100 sccm H2) are consistently higher than those of the ethanol samples (0.68 at 1 sccm H2 and 0.25 at 100 sccm H2). This ID/IG increment for pyridine-CVD might be thus ascribed to the insertion of nitrogen in the graphene film. It was shown that the ID/ID

Attenuation, dispersion and nonlinearity effects in graphene-based waveguides

• Almir Wirth Lima Jr.,
• João Cesar Moura Mota and
• Antonio Sergio Bezerra Sombra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1221–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.125

• this case, for μg ≈> 0.43 eV, the mode suffers almost no attenuation. Therefore, since the graphene-based waveguide we are analyzing has a length smaller than 1 Lp, we can neglect the attenuation inside the waveguide. However, we must consider the insertion loss. A schematic view for insertion of an

• optical signal in a nanophotonic waveguide is shown in Figure 5. The optical signal from an optical source is inserted into a monomode optical fiber via a connector with an insertion loss of 0.5 dB, mainly due to misalignment between the two portions of the optical fibers. The insertion loss of the

• optical fiber can be neglected due to its short length. The signal output to be coupled to the graphene-based waveguide (Figure 5) suffers an estimated insertion loss of 2.5 dB (for safety) before entering the graphene nanoribbon due to misalignment and control of the proper distance between the optical

Tattoo ink nanoparticles in skin tissue and fibroblasts

• Colin A. Grant,
• Peter C. Twigg,
• Richard Baker and
• Desmond J. Tobin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.120

• repaired through the action of fibroblasts, ultimately laying down scar tissue. Over long periods of time the tattoo ink particles can be found to gradually move to the deeper dermis (i.e., reticular dermis), which gives the tattoo a faded and blurred appearance. Importantly, after tattoo ink insertion

• opportunity to visualise how tattoo ink particles may interact with dermal cells replicating the first moments following tattoo ink insertion in the skin. The AFM image of the fibroblast (Figure 7a) shows that the fixed cell is quite large, over 2 μm in height, therefore the small ink nanoparticles are

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• that can be stored during this process is therefore limited and the capacities of positive insertion-type and intercalation-type electrode materials are around 120–180 mAh/g. Employing graphite as a negative electrode (372 mAh/g), the theoretical energy densities of single cells for current Li-ion

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• in order to increase the available surface for insertion or conversion reactions. To ensure the mechanical stability of the electrode, binder has to be added, which in turn is not without consequences for the electrochemical properties of the batteries. Therefore the nano- and micrometer-scale

• simulations the determination of Gibbs free energies, entropies and insertion properties (e.g., kinetic barriers, chemical potential of adsorbed species, solvation energies) are obtained. The relation of these quantities to the actual heat production has to be derived from systematic thermodynamic theories

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• requires a chemically stable and optically tunable, dielectric platform, which should be properly functionalized: given these requirements, the silica layer coating represents a highly suitable method. However, the insertion of a silica layer between a plasmonic metal surface and a target molecule is not

Mammalian cell growth on gold nanoparticle-decorated substrates is influenced by the nanoparticle coating

• Christina Rosman,
• Sebastien Pierrat,
• Marco Tarantola,
• David Schneider,
• Eva Sunnick,
• Andreas Janshoff and
• Carsten Sönnichsen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2479–2488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.257

• nanoparticle infiltration into a tissue lesion or by insertion of nanoparticle patterned implants. This can potentially influence cell migration, which has implications in wound healing [13]. Recently, a study by Yang et al. tracked the migration behavior of prostate carcinoma cells (PC3, epithelial) and human

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• anions of Ru4POM in the charged functional moieties by complementary electrostatic interactions were introduced. Comparing the insertion of a shorter moiety by the diazonium arylation reaction with the positively charged dendrons attached by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition described before, we confirmed

Influence of the supramolecular architecture on the magnetic properties of a Dy^III single-molecule magnet: an ab initio investigation

• Julie Jung,
• Olivier Cador,
• Kevin Bernot,
• Fabrice Pointillart,
• Javier Luzon and
• Boris Le Guennic

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2267–2274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.236

• embedded in its crystalline matrix does not behave as an isolated object. This sensitivity of SMM to their environment makes their insertion into devices [13][14][15] trickier than expected. If SMM are considered for quantum information processing [16][17][18][19], supramolecular interactions are expected

In situ metalation of free base phthalocyanine covalently bonded to silicon surfaces

• Fabio Lupo,
• Cristina Tudisco,
• Federico Bertani,
• Enrico Dalcanale and
• Guglielmo G. Condorelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2222–2229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.231

• of a flat substrate the proposed strong surface interaction of the fraction of 1-Pc lying down close the substrate prevents an efficient insertion of Co in the Pc ring, whilst in the case of porous samples, less strong surface interactions allow for a more efficient metalation. Further information

Photodetectors based on carbon nanotubes deposited by using a spray technique on semi-insulating gallium arsenide

• Domenico Melisi,
• Maria Angela Nitti,
• Marco Valentini,
• Antonio Valentini,
• Teresa Ligonzo,
• Giuseppe De Pascali and
• Marianna Ambrico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1999–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.208

• with subsequent reduction of the forward current. Then evidently the insertion of the CNT layer improves the ohmic behaviour with respect to the ITO/GaAs interface and consequently the diode performance. The net photocurrents for negative bias of the devices in the vis–UV spectral region have been used

Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications

• T. O. Menteş,
• G. Zamborlini,
• A. Sala and
• A. Locatelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198

• a well-collimated e-beam on the sample. In XPEEM operation, instead, the sample is illuminated by the monochromatized X-ray beam produced by the insertion device in the synchrotron ring. A photograph of the experimental apparatus is shown in Figure 4. Traces indicating the optical path of the

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• dithiolated conjugated molecules are allowed to form molecular bridges between neighboring nanoparticles [6][8]. Although molecular insertion cannot be driven to completeness for thermodynamic reasons [9][10], this protocol has proven successful in molecular electronics, e.g., by providing access to