Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• enantiospecific adsorption on a ferromagnetic Ni surface was proven to arise from the adsorption kinetics rather than from thermodynamic stabilization. The adsorption rate of ᴅ-Cys and ʟ-Cys onto a ferromagnetic substrate showed a significantly different behavior according to the magnetic field direction and

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• a constant controlled rate according to zero-order kinetics [79][80][81]. Drug-loaded soft contact lenses can be classified as non-dissolving implants [82][83]. Satisfactory results are also obtained with in situ gelling liquid implants [84][85] or film forming liquids [86][87][88]. In addition to

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• ][13][14]. In particular, the ORR in alkaline environments with faster kinetics and lower over potential requires stable transition metal-derived electrocatalysts [15]. The major hurdles for Pt-based ORR electrode catalysts in alkaline media include high cost, low operational stability, fuel crossover

• effects, and carbon monoxide poisoning [16][17]. The electrocatalytic reactivity (mechanism and kinetics) of silver has similarities to that of Pt regarding the ORR performance, with considerably high onset potential, half-wave potential, current density, and number of transferred electrons. The important

• -workers reported the ORR activity of Ag–Co NPs dispersed on Vulcan XC72 carbon by incipient-wetness impregnation [22]. In general, the addition of a third metal to a bimetallic composition is considered to be an effective method to augment the absorption energy and improve the kinetics of the ORR [23]. Gu

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• . Therefore, we believed there would be a benefit of doping Ni to improve the photodegradation. In Figure 9, by taking the negative natural logarithmic value of C/C0, it was observed that all the degradation trends were in line with first-order kinetics: where k was the rate constants of MB degradation

• . LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3 had a larger crystal diameter and higher specific surface, which improved the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and the efficiency of the surface reaction. For comparison, the second-order kinetics analysis was also conducted for the samples prepared at pH 0 in Table 1. However, the R2

• values were too low to represent their kinetic model. Therefore, 1st order reaction kinetics was more suitable for describing the kinetic model of LaFexNi1−xO3. MB removal test under different conditions using LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3 prepared at pH 0 The pH value of the solution was a strong effect on

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• internalization, the stiffer particles show significantly faster kinetics [6]. Similar results could be shown in an experimental approach by Hui et al. in a study with silica nanocapsules. Softer particles showed a greater deformation, resulting in a slower and less efficient uptake for softer particles [7

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• environments, new opportunities arise for changing the properties of materials. Assembling ionic/molecular building blocks in a liquid that contains impurities generally does not change the intrinsic crystal structure of the obtained single crystals. However, the crystallization kinetics can be affected, which

• clusters (PNCs), transition phases, and actual second building units (SBUs) in the prenucleation and growth steps (Figure 1). Transition and attachment of these species are not only controlled by thermodynamics but also strongly depend on kinetics. The decisive factors involve diffusion, local flow, and

• vessels to be filled with liquid. When the coordination polymers nucleate and grow inside the connected vessels, the front of the crystals may swallow the networks under fast crystallization kinetics. Therefore, single crystals with encapsulated networks can be formed [41][42]. This strategy offers a

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• photogenerated electron−hole pairs. It is reported that the transient photocurrent responses of the samples depend on the amounts of photogenerated charges and the kinetics of charge separation of the corresponding electrodes under irradiation of light [62]. As shown in Figure 10a, under irradiation of visible

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• nanoparticles change thermal conductivity, as investigated by Zhu et al. [24]. In their research, CuO nanowires and nanospheres were dispersed in a dimethicone base fluid, and it was found that changes in the crystalline structure of nanoparticles change the kinetics of the base fluid [24]. In addition to this

• thermal properties of the studied systems. The thermal conductivity of water/CuO nanofluids is significantly higher than that of nonpolar nanofluids. It was also found that due to higher velocities, intermolecular collisions and high kinetics of metal oxide atoms happen in aqueous solution, which results

Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• kinetics. Figure 1d displays the reaction rate constant (k) of samples calcinated at 300–600 °C to be 0.0610, 0.0690, 0.0309, and 0.0259 min−1, respectively. The degradation rate constant of the samples at 300 and 400 °C was enhanced about two times in comparison to that at 500 and 600 °C. By comparison

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• 1T phase of MoS2 and is in good agreement with Raman analysis. Under dark conditions, the Rct1 value for MoS2 CE-based DSSCs (from 52.6 to 78.5 Ω·cm2) was found to be significantly higher than that of Pt CE-based DSSCs (3.6 Ω·cm2), indicating slower charge transfer kinetics at the MoS2/electrolyte

• lifetime (τ) indicates the recombination kinetics of electrons in the mesoscopic TiO2 film of the DSSCs. This parameter can be calculated from the peak frequency (fmax) of the low-frequency semicircles (τ = 1/2πfmax). The τ values measured under dark conditions for DSSCs devices fabricated from various CEs

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• release kinetics were investigated. The formulations used had PSs in the nanoscale range and drug encapsulation efficiency values were over 97.2% and 77% [34]. In our study, both the ETHs and ETHG systems have been proven to be effective and safe in treatments with the cell permeation rate and

• were determined and degradation kinetics profiles were obtained (Figure 3 and Figure 4, respectively). As seen in Figure 4, EGCG degradation was found to show first-order kinetics for ETHs. The degradation of EGCG in suspended ETHs was slower and lower at 4 °C compared to its degradation at 25 °C. No

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• density of the dark spots is estimated to be (2.0 ± 1.0) × 1012 cm−2 and the corresponding area fraction is approximately 3.2%. Analogous to the formation of 2D polymers on a surface or interface [6], the cross-linking could proceed either by step-growth or chain-growth kinetics. In the step-growth

• , consist of almost exclusively dimers and, to a much lesser extent, trimers. An area fraction of 30% results in areas with up to ten monomers. The comparison reveals inconsistencies between the STM data and the step-growth kinetics. Therefore, we look into the chain-growth scenario, in which a radical

• observed dark spots (in black) as a function of the molecular area (0.288 nm2) in the β-phase. Simulated size distributions of cross-linked molecules with an area fraction of 3% and 30%, respectively, based on step-growth kinetics. Structural evolution of TPT SAMs upon 50 eV electron exposure. (a) Low

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• using separate loading systems may provide desirable kinetics for the sequential controlled release of growth factors. In line with this, a two-growth-factor system consisting of TGF-β2-loaded NPs encapsulated in a BMP-7-loaded alginate hydrogel enabled a slower release of TGF-β2 and a faster release of

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• ]. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) co-jetting is a versatile technology that has been utilized to fabricate compartmentalized microparticles and nanoparticles [20][21][22]. Key properties of these drug delivery carriers include tunable payload delivery kinetics, the presence of multiple drug-loaded compartments, and

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• demonstrated enhanced osseointegration [58]. Additionally, drug release kinetics and duration from titania nanotubes (TNTs) can be controlled by modifying nanotube dimensions, surface chemistry, or by a polymer coating on the TNT implant surface through dip coating or plasma polymerization. Losic and co

• , a positively charged molecule will have strong ionic interaction, and the release rate will be slower. This can be described mathematically using Fick’s law, compared to a negatively charged molecule that follows first-order kinetics [104]. Some recent studies indicated that nanostructured Ti wires

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• sensors with a visual recording of analysis results. Kinetics of interaction between the sensor and solvent vapors Of interest is the use of a 3D PhC-based sensor for online measurements of the concentration of nonpolar solvents and their vapors. Exposure to saturated solvent vapors allows the analyte to

• SCI and SCE modes. The studies of kinetics have been carried out using a mini-spectrophotometer “eye-one Pro” (X-Rite, Inc., USA). The thickness of the stimuli-responsive layer (PDMS and CCA) has been measured by using a “Constant K5” thickness gauge (KONSTANTA LLC, Russia) with an ID2 induction

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

•  2), that is, well below and above the magnetization and angular momentum compensation temperatures. Their kinetics, however, may well depend on temperature. We mentioned already that the boundaries between switched and unswitched regions of the sample are expected to be smooth and follow a line of

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• misunderstanding of physicochemical basics of this technique. For this purpose, a presentation of the underlying processes leading to NP production is first provided. This part is constituted of a brief introduction to (i) sputtering and (ii) the kinetics of NP nucleation and growth in solutions. Then, the

• stabilizer [79]. The final amount of NPs in the solution and their final size depend on the kinetics of NP formation and, mainly, on the ratio between the rates of nucleation and growth steps [77]. The stability of obtained NPs depends on many factors but the affinity of the stabilizer reagent to the NP

• his work stayed almost unnoticed. There had been no sufficient progress regarding the kinetics of NP formation during the 35 years after Takiyama’s work. Studies of pulse radiolysis reduction of silver (Ag) ions showed the presence of small ionic Agрz+ clusters (p = 2–9, z = 1–2) that grow and become

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• applications [30]. All samples have lower PDI values (0.13–0.33) which indicates a uniform distribution of NPs in different dispersion media (Table 5). pH-dependent drug-loading and drug-release kinetics The UV–vis-based confirmation of drug (DOX and MTX) attachment to PMA-coated MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Zn, Ni

• 0.5 mM of drugs for the loading on NPs. The encapsulated and loaded drug % for DOX and MTX are given in Table 6. For pH-dependent drug-release kinetics, drug-loaded NPs were dispersed in solutions with different pH values (1× PBS; pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.4) at room temperature and the amount of release

• release kinetics Drug release kinetics of DOX- and MTX-loaded MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Co, Zn, Ni) NPs were studied at different pH values [68]. The nanoparticles were dispersed in PBS with pH values ranging from 5.5–7.4 and spectrophotometric data were measured at different time intervals (0, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• overall performance [3]. The lack of discharge performance is attributed to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the air cathode [4], which reduces the practical power density. Further improvements of the cathode are essential for the long-term success of metal–air batteries

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• -assembly with modified amino acids is of great interest, most of which focuses on 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-terminated materials [40][41][42][43]. Due to the inherent hydrophobicity and aromaticity of Fmoc, many Fmoc-modified amino acids exhibit relatively fast self-assembly kinetics, excellent

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• the release kinetics and saturation amounts were identical in both the pH (5 or 7.4) of the release media, irrespective of whether NOR@IONPpH5 or NOR@IONPpH10 was used (Figure 5). Free drug is observed to have rapid release profile which saturates by 4 h. NOR@IONPpH5 displays an initial burst release

• profile from NOR@IONPpH10 resembled that of free NOR where the release was rapid over the first 4–6 h and saturated out there after (Figure 5b, inset). The release of NOR from metal oxides, NiO, is found to follow first order rate kinetics thus we too fitted out drug release plots to a first order model

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• constituted by lipophilic and hydrophilic polymers which contribute to increase their systemic mobility and residence time [86]. The advantages of this hybrid system include high encapsulation efficiency, well-defined release kinetics, well-tolerated serum stability, and well-triggered tissue, cellular, and

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• prepared via the hot-injection approach. In contrast to earlier work, the reaction temperature was decreased to 150 °C so that the reaction was slowed down and could be stopped at defined reaction stages. Thereby, the formation mechanism of the nanomaterial and the associated kinetics could be revealed

• syntheses for Sb2S3 particles can be developed, allowing tuning of the particle properties in a broad range. In this way, the selective use of this material in a wide range of applications will become possible. Keywords: band gap; kinetics; nanoparticles; Sb2S3; solar cells; Introduction The search for

• mechanisms, and in particular the associated kinetics of Sb2S3 nanoparticles, is therefore still lacking. Nevertheless, it is necessary to understand the nanomaterial formation mechanism to achieve control over the morphological and optical properties of the particles, which is crucial for the further

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• , Na dendrite growth, and slow reaction kinetics by nanostructuring both the sulfur cathode and the Na anode. Moreover, a survey of recent patents on room temperature (RT) Na–S batteries revealed that nanostructured sulfur and sodium electrodes are still in the minority, which suggests that much

• ]. In order to overcome the consequences of the limited reactivity, a small amount of selenium can be added to the cathode and uniformly distributed through selenium–sulfur bonds. A significant improvement in redox reaction kinetics is achieved since selenium has a higher conductivity than sulfur and

• pyrolyzed PAN/SeS2 composite that results in a cathode with excellent reaction kinetics, high capacity, and extremely stable cycle life. The multichannel framework of the composite provides more surface area of PAN to react with SeS2, leading to an enhancement of the sulfur load on the cathode to about 63