A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• membranes. To address this challenge, the development of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) is a promising strategy. MMMs are obtained by carefully integrating porous nano-fillers into polymeric matrices, enabling the simultaneous enhancement of selectivity and permeability. In particular, metal-organic

• the gas separation potential of MOF-based MMMs in CO2 capture applications are highlighted. Keywords: CO2 capture; gas separation; inorganic filler; metal-organic framework (MOF); mixed matrix membrane (MMM); Review 1 Introduction The continuous rise in global CO2 emissions has unfolded an era of

• improve CO2 permeability and selectivity to enhance the efficiency of CO2 capture. A promising approach in this field involves hybrid polymer composite membranes known as mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Among the diverse range of inorganic fillers integrated into MMMs

Clays enhanced with niobium: potential in wastewater treatment and reuse as pigment with antibacterial activity

• Silvia Jaerger,
• Patricia Appelt,
• Mario Antônio Alves da Cunha,
• Fabián Ccahuana Ayma,
• Ricardo Schneider,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Fauze Jacó Anaissi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 141–154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.13

• . Furthermore, the samples BEOx and BEPh displayed niobium relative concentrations of 6.4 wt % and 4.0 wt %, respectively. These results suggest the incorporation of niobium into the clay matrix. In Table 1, considering the montmorillonite phase with the empirical formula Mx(Al4−xMgx)Si8O20(OH)4, when it was

• in colorless paint (paint sample, square), respectively. The tables also include color difference values between the samples in powder form and those dispersed in colorless paint. Colorless paint does not contain white pigment in its matrix, enhancing the dispersed pigment color. The ΔE parameter

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• /hydrophobic properties than the samples hydrolyzed in pure water. It is known that the hydrophilicity of TiO2 depends on the crystalline phase and surface composition, but not on the size [43]. Moreover, it was found that introduction of TiO2 into an amorphous siliceous matrix increases the hydrophilicity of

• . Despite the still large bandgap, the immobilization of TiO2 on the zeolite matrix, combined with the mesopore structure important for high mass transfer properties, suggests that these materials may be promising catalysts under flow conditions. However, it is necessary to further search for parameters to

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• ], as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which promote extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and angiogenesis, playing a key role in conditions like fibrosis and wound healing [14][17]. The M2 activation state is mediated by the STAT6 pathway via

• their pro-angiogenic role. They produce VEGF and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are particularly relevant in tumor progression [17][21][22]. Therapeutic implications of macrophage polarization: Based on the aforementioned mechanisms, it is evident that macrophage dysregulation can be implicated

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon black, embedded within a polymer matrix [1]. The distinctive properties of carbon nanocomposites have positioned them as promising candidates for various applications, particularly in the development of advanced sensors. The small amounts of

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• density (kg·m−3), p is the pressure (Pa), F is the volume force vector (N·m−3), Cp is the specific heat capacity at constant pressure (J·kg−1·K−1), T is the absolute temperature (K), q is the heat flux vector (W·m−2), qr is the heat flux vector by radiation (W·m−2), I is the identity matrix (unitless

• and surface hydroxy groups, which leads to deposition. They are also responsible for the incorporation of Si–OH bonds into the silicon oxide matrix. The •H and •OH species attack unsaturated surface species with dangling bonds. Oxidation of surface hydrogens is the predominant reaction for O to

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• longitudinal absorptive bands. These are often rods of chitin embedded in a protein matrix [23]. The authors also suggested that there is a proteinaceous filling material, which tends to leach out during preparation of the specimens for SEM, leaving behind empty lacunae. Modelled reflectance of V. orientalis

• on top of each other (E and F). There are also dark transverse bands that interconnect two consecutive longitudinal bands of the same lamellae (arrow), or of two separate lamellae (A and B). Legend: L = lamellae; P = pillars; R = rugosity of chitin fibers embedded in a protein matrix. Scale bars: 100

The round-robin approach applied to nanoinformatics: consensus prediction of nanomaterials zeta potential

• Dimitra-Danai Varsou,
• Arkaprava Banerjee,
• Joyita Roy,
• Kunal Roy,
• Giannis Savvas,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Ewelina Wyrzykowska,
• Mateusz Balicki,
• Tomasz Puzyn,
• Georgia Melagraki,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1536–1553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.121

• real-world scenarios while having, at the same, time a clear understanding of their optimal operating parameters. The leverage method measures the similarity between the query samples and the training set using the leverage values, h, which are essentially the diagonal elements of the Hat matrix [61

• prediction is deemed reliable if its corresponding leverage value falls below this threshold (h < h*). where X is the table containing the descriptor matrix, p is the number of descriptors used in the model [60][61], and N is the number of samples in the training dataset. Results and Discussion In the next

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• shown here). It is worth noting that, within this concentration range, no ENR signal was detectable in the presence of CEF, OXA, or GLU. The experimental findings indicate that the sensor demonstrated good performance in detecting ENR in samples with a complex matrix. Analysis in real sample matrices

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• matrix, which can vary in its configuration depending on the specific requirements of the delivery system [12][13]. The lipid components, often phospholipids, cholesterol, and surfactants are integral for solubilizing lipophilic drugs. The polymer component, which can include materials such as

• crucial for maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods of time [20][21]. By adjusting the polymer composition and lipid matrix, researchers can fine-tune the release kinetics of phytochemicals, ensuring sustained therapeutic effects. This controlled release mechanism is particularly

• both polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles. PLHNPs represent higher encapsulation efficiency, ensuring that a higher proportion of the phytochemical payload is successfully encapsulated within the hybrid matrix of nanoparticles [38][39]. This improved encapsulation leads to enhanced bioavailability

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• can be amorphized at an irradiation dose of 0.9 dpa, whereas bulk zirconia remains stable with respect to amorphization up to 680 dpa [5]. Additionally, experimental data indicate that materials containing coherent-to-the-matrix dispersed particles may experience reduced swelling under irradiation

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• element and finally give rise to the collective E field solution. Similarly, for the reflectance calculation on the structure, COMSOL utilizes the transfer matrix method (TMM). The analytical expression for reflectance at the desired wavelength for a lossless even-number-layered 1D PhC is the following

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• ± 20.7 nm for SS (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1). A two-tailed t-test showed that the increase in roughness after each successive coating was significantly different compared to the previous layer, suggesting successful attachment of a porous matrix onto a variety of different substrates. The

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• from their highly specialized form, also the elemental structure of this organ evolved to increase drilling ability while limiting abrasion and wear. Indeed, trace metals such as Zn, Mn, and Cu were variably found within the cuticle matrix of Hymenoptera ovipositors and stings [159][160]. The mechanics

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• modeling, including reactive classical molecular dynamics and ab initio calculations, we reveal that TA preferentially binds to the most reactive sites on GO surfaces via the oxygen-containing groups or the carbon matrix; van der Waals interaction forces dominate the binding energy. TA exhibits a dose

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• Au3+ into Au(0) during the synthesis of the nanocomposite AuNPs@GluN/Alg without additional chemicals. Alginate serves as a stabilizing agent. In the ionotropic gelation mechanism, the cross-linking matrix of Ca–alginate, formed by Ca2+ ions and carboxyl groups in sodium alginate, becomes insoluble

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• (Supporting Information File 1) shows the correlation matrix between the ten most relevant quantum descriptors used to obtain the mathematical models. There are significant correlations between the molecular weight and the polarizability of about 0.93 and between polarizability and the number of rings of

• several drugs. The quantitative descriptors included in the produced models are discussed next. Table 3 contains the used quantitative descriptors and the importance that each one has in the mathematical models. The docking score was the predicted variable in all cases. In addition, the correlation matrix

• (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) was used to build the models. Among the IBM Watson AI models, the first one was obtained using all the initially proposed quantitative descriptors (Table 1). In the second and fourth models, polarizability was not used because, as shown in the correlation matrix, it

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• photocatalytic efficiency. For years, doping of metal nanoparticles (NPs) into a semiconductor matrix has been extensively studied to enhance photocatalytic CH4 oxidation performance. Metal NPs in, for example, Au/TiO2, Au@Pd/ZnO, and Pt@Cu/TiO2 composites act as electron scavenger centers and own more free

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• . Compared to the typically obtained granular structure of metallic nanoparticles in a carbonaceous matrix, the deposit composition and chemistry evolution are unexpected. The resulting deposit exhibits a carbon-rich body with a surface decorated with silver nanoparticles and an interfacial layer of

• ’, transitioning into the typical granular deposit structure of elemental metal particles embedded in a carbonaceous matrix sitting on top of the relatively uniform interfacial layer of elemental silver (cf. Figure 1e). The second halo region H2 depicted in Figure 1f becomes thinner overall and shows a high

• or Hhfac, removing most of the ligand elements. A second important factor here could be the thermal energy input from the elevated stage temperature of 60 °C, which increases the mobility of the formed silver atoms and clusters in the carbonaceous matrix. Finally, collisional momentum transfer from

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• to the trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) into collagen-producing myofibroblasts, resulting in the progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein [12]. The condition may be caused by various etiologies, including viral hepatitis infection, alcohol abuse, and

• , including the reduced expression of collagen I and alpha smooth muscle actin. These NPs also contributed to proteolytic breakdown of collagen by up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and down-regulation of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). TiO2 NPs also could induce enhanced leakiness and drug

• overexpressed in activated HSCs and strongly related to the transformation of HSCs into matrix-producing myofibroblasts during liver fibrinogenesis [68][69]. The HSC-mediated antifibrotic drugs work through several mechanisms, including inhibition of fibrogenesis (ECM synthesis), inhibition of HSC proliferation

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• , these nuclei grow and accumulate within the alginate matrix, resulting in the formation of alginate-based nanoparticles. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting various specifications of materials such as the concentration of alginate, metal ion precursor, pH, and

• therapy [78]. Alginate-based fully natural nanoparticles were developed and used for cancer treatment. Pakistani scientists investigated amygdalin in an alginate–chitosan-based matrix [79]. Amygdalin is a natural material and it has very strong anticancerous activity. Scientists achieved over 90% drug

• alginate matrix in which carboxyl groups of alginate were cross-linked with methacrylate and dialdehyde. They used this matrix as a sealant patch for the lungs and for the controlled delivery of soluble drugs such as DOX. The oxidation of alginate produces functional aldehyde groups, which that can form

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• because of the efforts required for achieving a homogenous dispersion in an inorganic–organic matrix [22][23][24]. In this short review, we are discussing nanostructured and nanosized carbon-based materials used to improve the durability and physicochemical properties of biological implants as summarized

• structural polymorphism [40] (arrangement, number, and order of layers), the electronic coupling between different layers, and the matrix in which graphene is embedded [41]. Indeed, the matrix plays a pivotal role owing to the ultimate surface-to-volume ratio and the poor electrostatic screening displayed by

• onto the surface, forming a matrix composed by platelets and coagulation cascade components. This process triggers the inflammatory response of neutrophils, which attempt to degrade the implant through phagocytosis and the release of reactive oxygen species. Macrophages play a key role changing from

Electrospun nanofibers: building blocks for the repair of bone tissue

• Tuğrul Mert Serim,
• Gülin Amasya,
• Tuğba Eren-Böncü,
• Ceyda Tuba Şengel-Türk and
• Ayşe Nurten Özdemir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 941–953, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.77

• because of their extremely large surface area-to-volume ratio, small pore size, and high porosity. Nanofibers are known to be highly functional systems with the ability to mimic the structure and function of the natural bone matrix, facilitating osteogenesis for cell proliferation and bone regeneration

• of calcium and phosphate and the protection of bone marrow are among the characteristics of bone tissue [9][10]. Bone tissue, which is a special form of connective tissue, consists of cells, fibers, and extracellular matrix; histologically, it can be divided into two bone types, namely, woven bone

• surrounding muscle tissue as well. It plays an important role in bone growth and fracture healing [18][19]. The composition of bone tissue Any bone in the body has both an organic and inorganic composite structure. The composition of extracellular bone matrix can be estimated as approximately 60–65% organic

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• ][31]. The number of grain boundaries increases with decreasing average grain size, resulting in a more significant increase in local stress in the cutting zone and at the grain boundaries of the matrix [32]. Moreover, the average von Mises stress decreases as the average grain size increases. In

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• carbon matrix [15][17][18]. Variation of deposition conditions [15] and post-deposition purifications [18][19][20][21] have all led to an increased Pt content in the deposits, but a straightforward method of obtaining pure material is still a challenge. However, Shawrav et al. [22] managed to deposit