Search results

Search for "mobility" in Full Text gives 437 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb2S3 nanoparticles

  • Maximilian Joschko,
  • Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
  • Christina Malsi,
  • Danilo Kisić,
  • Ivana Validžić and
  • Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

Graphical Abstract
  • amorphous materials can be divided into localized and delocalized states, forming a so-called mobility gap [46]. Initially, the Tauc plot (Equation 1) was used to calculate band gap values for amorphous materials, i.e., mobility gaps, with a transition factor γ equal to 2 [37]. Hence, an amorphous material
  • explained by different preparation conditions [49]. Different formation mechanisms can lead to differences in bond lengths and angles in an amorphous material, and therefore to a different mobility gap [46]. Hence, a decreasing mobility gap suggests that an electronic relaxation process occurs after a
  • range of 2.18 ± 0.03 to 2.01 ± 0.03 eV. In contrast, the optical band gap of the crystalline particles decreased to a value of 1.71 ± 0.03 eV and did not change any further. The reduction of the mobility gap of the amorphous states of the particles was likely due to an electronic relaxation effect with
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 10 Sep 2021

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

  • Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

Graphical Abstract
  • SRIM simulation suggested that each copper atom is displaced around 22 times during the polishing process. A high enough Cu atom as well as Ga ion mobility is likely to move ions as well as displaced Cu atoms into grain boundaries. Grain boundaries can facilitate transport deeper into the material and
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 31 Aug 2021

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

  • Miriam Anna Huth,
  • Axel Huth and
  • Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

Graphical Abstract
  • due to the solvent-driven mobility of the molecules [25]. ß-Diketone: the shape-determining compound For plant waxes mainly composed of primary alcohols, it has already been demonstrated that the main components can determine the crystal shape [15][27]. However, minor components can be shape
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 20 Aug 2021

In situ transport characterization of magnetic states in Nb/Co superconductor/ferromagnet heterostructures

  • Olena M. Kapran,
  • Roman Morari,
  • Taras Golod,
  • Evgenii A. Borodianskyi,
  • Vladimir Boian,
  • Andrei Prepelita,
  • Nikolay Klenov,
  • Anatoli S. Sidorenko and
  • Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 913–923, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.68

Graphical Abstract
  • vortex mobility. The latter may indeed show strong temperature variations close to Tc. In situ characterization of magnetic states by the first-order-reversal-curves analysis The aim of this work is to establish techniques for in situ transport characterization of magnetic states in micropatterned S/F
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 17 Aug 2021

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

  • Rafal Pietruszka,
  • Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
  • Monika Ozga,
  • Katarzyna Gwozdz,
  • Ewa Placzek-Popko and
  • Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

Graphical Abstract
  • was used as absorber of the solar spectrum. Carrier concentration, mobility, and resistivity were 4.3 × 1015 cm−3, 270 cm2·V−1·s−1, and 5.3 Ω·cm, respectively. The silicon wafer was cut into small square pieces, ca. 1.5 × 1.5 cm2 in size. Samples were cleaned in acetone, iso-propanol, and twice in
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 21 Jul 2021

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

  • Thies H. Büscher and
  • Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

Graphical Abstract
  • tools for various functional demands [3][40]. Specifically, the wings are considered important to facilitate mobility, dispersal, and escape from predators [41][42][43][44][45][46]. Furthermore, the ability to efficiently move in different environments promotes niche diversity and subsequently species
  • diversity in insects [47]. A key feature for mobility, next to the evolution of wings, is the evolution of a segmented leg in arthropods [48]. These paired, articulated appendages, in combination with the hardened exoskeleton, served for both Arthropoda and insects, in particular, as a tool to become
PDF
Album
Review
Published 15 Jul 2021

Fate and transformation of silver nanoparticles in different biological conditions

  • Barbara Pem,
  • Marija Ćurlin,
  • Darija Domazet Jurašin,
  • Valerije Vrček,
  • Rinea Barbir,
  • Vedran Micek,
  • Raluca M. Fratila,
  • Jesus M. de la Fuente and
  • Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 665–679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.53

Graphical Abstract
  • were calculated from the measured electrophoretic mobility and reported as an average of six measurements. The Zetasizer software (6.32; Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) was used for data processing. Experiments with animal tissues Three-month-old male Wistar rats, 320–350 g (b.w.) were bred at the
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 07 Jul 2021

Nanoporous and nonporous conjugated donor–acceptor polymer semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production

  • Zhao-Qi Sheng,
  • Yu-Qin Xing,
  • Yan Chen,
  • Guang Zhang,
  • Shi-Yong Liu and
  • Long Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 607–623, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.50

Graphical Abstract
  • Conjugated polymers (CPs) as photocatalysts have evoked substantial interest. Their geometries and physical (e.g., chemical and thermal stability and solubility), optical (e.g., light absorption range), and electronic properties (e.g., charge carrier mobility, redox potential, and exciton binding energy) can
  • tuning the bandgap, enlarging the surface area, enabling more efficient separation of electron–hole pairs, and enhancing the charge carrier mobility. In particular, donor–acceptor (D–A) polymers were demonstrated as a promising platform to develop high-performance photocatalysts due to their easily
  • tunable bandgaps, high charge carrier mobility, and efficient intramolecular charge transfer. In this minireview, recent advances of D–A polymers in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution are summarized with a particular focus on modulating the optical and electronic properties of CPs by varying the acceptor
PDF
Album
Review
Published 30 Jun 2021

Properties of graphene deposited on GaN nanowires: influence of nanowire roughness, self-induced nanogating and defects

  • Jakub Kierdaszuk,
  • Piotr Kaźmierczak,
  • Justyna Grzonka,
  • Aleksandra Krajewska,
  • Aleksandra Przewłoka,
  • Wawrzyniec Kaszub,
  • Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz,
  • Marta Sobanska,
  • Maria Kamińska,
  • Andrzej Wysmołek and
  • Aneta Drabińska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 566–577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.47

Graphical Abstract
  • mobility and, consequently, graphene conductivity. On the other hand, chemical functionalization of graphene may improve the sensitivity of graphene-based sensors [6]. Therefore, the control of density and types of defects in graphene might be a new way to prepare efficient molecular sensors. Systems
  • , carrier mobility. The 2D band energy and FWHM also depend on carrier concentration. However, their changes are significantly lower than those found for the G band FWHM, which will be discussed in the next paragraph [43]. The analysis of graphene G band parameters allows for one to trace how NW substrate
  • carrier mobility in N0 and N100 samples (Figure 3b, Figure 3f). The intensity ratio of 2D and G graphene bands in monolayer graphene has been reported to be negatively correlated with carrier concentration [15]. A higher Fermi energy increases the probability of scattering on free carriers, which adds to
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 22 Jun 2021

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

  • Paulina Filipczak,
  • Krzysztof Hałagan,
  • Jacek Ulański and
  • Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

Graphical Abstract
  • average size of 34 ± 14 nm. The temperature experiment results showed a higher enhancement with temperature increase. Performed simulation studies revealed a slowdown of the mobility of the water molecules close to the surface of AgNPs. Keywords: Dynamic lattice liquid (DLL) simulations; liquid water
  • enhanced by the mobility decrease in the nearest vicinity of the metal nanoparticle and by the increase of the rotational relaxation time and residence time of water molecules surrounding the ion wall in a charged monolayer-protected Au nanoparticle [39]. Assuming that the observed Raman enhancement is
  • ) – CASE C; (v) Eb = 19 kJ/mol, Ew = 21.1 kJ/mol (Eb = 0.90Ew) – CASE D. The solvent mobility was calculated as an averaged probability of movement of a water-like element at a given distance (r) from the Ag wall. The Figure 5 presents the results of the DLL simulation. The κ parameter is defined as: and
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 25 May 2021

Boosting of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via chlorine doping of polymeric carbon nitride

  • Malgorzata Aleksandrzak,
  • Michalina Kijaczko,
  • Wojciech Kukulka,
  • Daria Baranowska,
  • Martyna Baca,
  • Beata Zielinska and
  • Ewa Mijowska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 473–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.38

Graphical Abstract
  • with the P atom may promote the mobility of the charge carrier and facilitate the separation of the photogenerated electron–holes [34]. Another research group found that their prepared fluorinated carbon nitride has a photocatalytic activity 20.8 times higher than that of pristine PCN [30]. Wang et al
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 19 May 2021

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

  • Rafal Zuzak,
  • Marek Szymonski and
  • Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

Graphical Abstract
  • atomic-scale defects and our previous experiments with other organic molecules [35], we may expect that single FePc molecules on the surface are trapped at surface defects, although the formation of molecular islands hints at a sufficient mobility of the molecules on the Ge(001):H surface. In a
PDF
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 05 Mar 2021

TiOx/Pt3Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

  • Marco Moors,
  • Yun An,
  • Agnieszka Kuc and
  • Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

Graphical Abstract
  • , respectively. After the annealing at 600 K, hardly any single nanocluster can be found on the surface. In return, the step edges are now highly decorated with clusters, while the terraces are covered by up to 1 nm high and 5 nm wide cluster agglomerations. This indicates a high lateral mobility of the clusters
  • STM tip-induced manipulation, resulting in a partial reduction to a W3O8 molecule, up to now just theoretically known. At elevated temperatures, the clusters showed a significantly increased lateral mobility, leading first to cluster agglomerations at 600 K and finally to the formation of larger WO3
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 16 Feb 2021

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

  • Ata Jedari Golparvar and
  • Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

Graphical Abstract
  • people with locked-in syndromes who have extremely limited peripheral mobility but still retain their eye motor coordination [10]. Similarly, basic deliberate eye movements such as saccades (i.e., fast eye movements), fixations (i.e., the duration between two saccades when the gaze is fixated at a point
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 11 Feb 2021

The role of gold atom concentration in the formation of Cu–Au nanoparticles from the gas phase

  • Yuri Ya. Gafner,
  • Svetlana L. Gafner,
  • Darya A. Ryzkova and
  • Andrey V. Nomoev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 72–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.6

Graphical Abstract
  • . In [27], we suggested and verified the assumption that a lower density of a nanoscale compact material, in comparison with ordinary bulk samples, leads to an increase in the probability of formation of an atomic structure with a five-particle symmetry due to the greater diffusion mobility of the
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 19 Jan 2021

Piezotronic effect in AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction nanowires used as a flexible strain sensor

  • Jianqi Dong,
  • Liang Chen,
  • Yuqing Yang and
  • Xingfu Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1847–1853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.166

Graphical Abstract
  • introduced during the epitaxial growth process [1][2][3]. Furthermore, the analysis of the internal polarization of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterojunction showed the existence of a 2D electron gas (2DEG), which effectively suppresses the degradation of the carrier mobility caused by the scattering at charge
  • impurity centers [4]. This is a widely discussed topic in the field of high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) research [5][6]. In order to further improve the physical properties of a 2DEG and optimize the performance of AlGaN/AlN/GaN-based HEMT devices, piezotronic effects are introduced to adjust the
  • the study of the piezotronic effect than nanofilms or bulk materials since the smaller physical size and larger surface-to-volume ratio of 1D NWs yields superior mechanical properties [4][10]. In addition, 1D semiconductor NWs can increase the electron mobility and achieve the confinement of light
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 10 Dec 2020

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

  • Oxana Iaseniuc and
  • Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

Graphical Abstract
  • Sn impurities on stationary and transient photoconductivity was demonstrated for amorphous As2Se3Snx thin films [5]. The introduction of Sn in the host material increases the drift mobility and the photosensitivity of the amorphous material. According to 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy studies of the
  • , Nt is the concentration of traps, e is the electron charge, µ is the drift mobility, ε is the dielectric constant, t = Δ/(kBT) (Δ is the parameter of the trap distribution, kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature), V is the applied voltage, and d is the sample thickness. The
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 20 Nov 2020

Direct observation of the Si(110)-(16×2) surface reconstruction by atomic force microscopy

  • Tatsuya Yamamoto,
  • Ryo Izumi,
  • Kazushi Miki,
  • Takahiro Yamasaki,
  • Yasuhiro Sugawara and
  • Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1750–1756, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.157

Graphical Abstract
  • high-performance metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (p-MOSFETs) [1][2] because the hole mobility of Si(110) is twice that of the other Si planes [3]. For surface science research, Si(110) has been used as a template substrate for self-assembled nanowires [4][5][6], nanomeshes [7], and
PDF
Album
Letter
Published 19 Nov 2020

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

  • Shuoye Yang,
  • Zhenwei Wang,
  • Yahong Ping,
  • Yuying Miao,
  • Yongmei Xiao,
  • Lingbo Qu,
  • Lu Zhang,
  • Yuansen Hu and
  • Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

Graphical Abstract
  • molecules enter cells only by mobility or diffusion, while the individually dispersed nanotubes are more easily internalized by cells via direct penetration and endocytosis [38][43]. This can explain the above results. The fluorescence intensity of CNTs-PEG/DOX and CNTs-PEG-PEI/DOX increases further (Figure
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 13 Nov 2020

Application of contact-resonance AFM methods to polymer samples

  • Sebastian Friedrich and
  • Brunero Cappella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1714–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.154

Graphical Abstract
  • of the tip. Figure 6 also shows the CR frequencies acquired on bulk PnBMA. The curve cannot be fitted with Equation 16. This is due to the low elastic modulus and the higher chain mobility of PnBMA. As a consequence, PnBMA is very compliant and can be deformed plastically even with small loads. Hence
  • with high chain mobility, that is, with a glass transition temperature near room temperature. This is the case for PnBMA. Considering the CR frequencies (Figure 6), PnBMA behaves like PS and PMMA at small forces and like glass at large forces. In our measurements, γ does indeed depend on the sample
  • fitted directly. Yet, such experiments show also that quantitative measurements on polymer samples with elastic moduli smaller than ca. 1 GPa or with a glass transition temperature close to or lower than room temperature (i.e., with very high chain mobility) are affected by serious artefacts and do not
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 12 Nov 2020

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

  • Christine Brülke,
  • Oliver Bauer and
  • Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

Graphical Abstract
  • at these sites where the SERS effect occurs. On hBN/Cu(111), the significantly smaller interaction between PTCDA and the hBN surface compared to Cu(111) and a consequently smaller corrugation of the bonding potential lead to a much higher mobility, which allows for a diffusion to the hot spots even
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 03 Nov 2020

Oxidation of Au/Ag films by oxygen plasma: phase separation and generation of nanoporosity

  • Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
  • Said A. Mansour,
  • Mujaheed Pasha,
  • Atef Zekri,
  • Janarthanan Ponraj,
  • Akshath Shetty and
  • Yousef Haik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1608–1614, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.143

Graphical Abstract
  • , resulting in a mobility decrease at the surface; and (2) the high porosity of the film which serves as a support for the surface diffusion of silver. The clusters formed during the early stages of the process serve as nucleation sites which grow into larger spheres as the oxidation process evolves. The
  • surface, which serves as a substrate for the formation of the oxide phase. The presence of such a high porosity is expected to significantly reduce the silver mobility at the surface, posing difficulties to the formation of a continuous silver oxide layer. The formation of nanoporosity within the alloy
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 22 Oct 2020

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

  • Jari Järvi,
  • Patrick Rinke and
  • Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

Graphical Abstract
  • structures by computing the potential energy surface (PES). We can identify stable structures in the minima of the PES and evaluate their mobility via the associated energy barriers. The most stable structure, that is the most probable structure in nature, corresponds to the global minimum of the PES. For
  • estimate the mobility of the adsorbates from the energy barriers extracted from the surrogate PES and analyze the electronic structure of each adsorbate. Our results provide insight into the adsorption of complex organic molecules on metallic substrates and pave the way to more complex studies of hybrid
  • and mobility via the energy barriers on the PES, and investigate their electronic properties with DFT. Bayesian Optimization Structure Search With the atomic structures and their corresponding energies, BOSS constructs a surrogate model of the PES. We define the atomic structures using chemical
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 19 Oct 2020

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

  • Daniel F. Quevedo,
  • Cody J. Lentz,
  • Adriana Coll de Peña,
  • Yazmin Hernandez,
  • Nahal Habibi,
  • Rikako Miki,
  • Joerg Lahann and
  • Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

Graphical Abstract
  • homogeneous SPNPs require a much lower trapping voltage than 50:50 anisotropic SPNPs. All eight particle samples were characterized in terms of their linear and their nonlinear electrophoretic mobility, and in terms of their EEEC. These measurements expand the possibilities to use EEEC to characterize
  • mobility was obtained by employing Equation 9 with eEEEC values, since both µEO and were experimentally obtained a priori through particle image velocimetry and current monitoring measurements [59]. Equation 9 and its detailed derivation is included in the Theoretical approach section. The linear and the
  • nonlinear EP mobility components are essential for the design of EK particle separation experiments. The present report is a pioneer study that considers nonlinear behavior of PNPs. This is still an evolving theory and, as such, more research regarding this topic is required as stated in three recent review
PDF
Album
Supp Info
Full Research Paper
Published 13 Oct 2020

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

  • Philipp Hurdax,
  • Michael Hollerer,
  • Larissa Egger,
  • Georg Koller,
  • Xiaosheng Yang,
  • Anja Haags,
  • Serguei Soubatch,
  • Frank Stefan Tautz,
  • Mathias Richter,
  • Alexander Gottwald,
  • Peter Puschnig,
  • Martin Sterrer and
  • Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

Graphical Abstract
  • critical factor for this phase transition is the density of charged molecules present on the surface. The planarization and electrostatic interaction of the charged molecules with the substrate can be expected to reduce the mobility of the charged molecules. These charged molecules will in turn restrict
  • molecules hinders the mobility of the twisted neutral molecules [38]; therefore, when approximately 30% of the molecules are charged, a transition occurs and the neutral molecules also wet the surface. The conformational change induced by charge transfer leads to the final pinning work function being higher
PDF
Album
Full Research Paper
Published 01 Oct 2020
Other Beilstein-Institut Open Science Activities