Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• alumina pad to remove the copper catalyst, followed by precipitation in diethyl ether. Synthesis of the mannosylated polymers The sugar functionalization of the polymeric backbone was performed through CuAAC click reaction (Scheme 1, step d), by combining the triple bonds with 2-azidoethyl α-ᴅ

• were also investigated. In particular, the initial rates of Con A clustering, expressed as arbitrary units per minute (k, AU/min), were derived from the initial slope of the curves; the time to reach half of the maximum turbidity (t1/2) was determined from the endpoint of precipitation (Table 3). The

• . In the case of the divalent compound PEG8-PCL2-Man2, the absorbance quickly reached a plateau and then remained almost constant, although a stepwise variation of the OD indicated a partial precipitation of the aggregates, as shown in Figure 6B. The same happened for the octavalent glycopolymer A4

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• magnetism than other iron oxide nanoparticles [17]. These MNPs can be synthesized through various techniques, such as ultrasound irradiation, sol–gel methods, thermal decomposition, and co-precipitation [18][19][20][21]. In addition, they can be modified with biomolecules and other compounds to improve the

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• are precipitation, wet milling, high-pressure homogenization or combinations of these methods [1][2][3][4]. Regardless of the process used, all these methods will yield nanosuspensions, i.e., nanocrystals dispersed in a liquid. As liquid formulations are not always a convenient dosage form for the

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• precipitation formation [47]. Herein, we investigate the self-assembly and application of a CDP, cyclo-(Trp-Tyr) (C-WY) (Scheme 1). C-WY contains a rigid six-member ring as a bridge, which increases the structural rigidity and stability. The abundant hydrogen bonds in C-WY endow a high propensity for self

• rheological properties. The crystal structure remained unchanged (Figure 3E) and no obvious aggregation or precipitation was observed. Also, the microtopography of the hydrogel exhibited no obvious changes (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). The environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• solution. The addition of appropriate organic solvents to the oligomerization system was found to result in well-grown nanoribbon networks. The organic solvents appeared to prevent irregular aggregation and subsequent precipitation of the nanosheets via solvation for further growth into the well-grown

• oligomerization system in mixtures of an aqueous buffer solution and appropriate organic solvents was found to result in nanoribbon network structures for gel formation (Figure 1). It was suggested that the precipitation of the nanosheets was prevented effectively via solvation with the organic solvents through

• viscosity and depletion repulsion, which prevented the nanosheet-shaped lamellar crystals from aggregation and subsequent precipitation, enabling the formation of well-grown nanoribbon networks. On the other hand, the organic solvents used in this study were small molecules, indicating a different mechanism

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• clay or in interaction with the clay and the LDH particles. We have confirmed that at the pH value used in the synthesis process there is no precipitation of Al-MCPA or Mg-MCPA salts, although at lower pH values it is possible to produce precipitates in the presence of Al3+ ions. As reported in

• previous studies [42] and mentioned above, it has been demonstrated that sepiolite does not absorb large amounts of MCPA. However, we have observed that the adsorption of MCPA on sepiolite increases in the presence of Mg2+ and Al3+ salts at pH values below those required for the precipitation of the LDH

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• concentration of the active agent increases, precipitation takes place, and continues until complete removal of the solvent. It was expected that precipitation takes place preferentially in the pores because of the largest available surface area. Minor precipitation on the outer shell of the particles as a thin

• molar weight of 610.5 g/mol and a minimum projection area of 9.2 nm2 was assumed to be too large to efficiently diffuse into the pores prior to precipitation. Thus, such small pores promote agglomeration on the outside of the pores. Based on the behavior observed, silica particles with a larger size

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• –Blodgett method, liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation, instructed assembly, and layer-by-layer assembly to give low-dimensional materials including nanowires, nanowhiskers, nanosheets, cubic objects, molecular patterns, supramolecular polymers, metal-organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks

• single elemental composition (carbon) are an intriguing fundamental topic in supramolecular chemistry [236]. Miyazawa and co-workers initiated a simple but highly useful method, i.e., liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation, to fabricate fullerene assemblies (crystals) with various morphologies (Figure

• controlled assemblies of fullerene molecules through liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation [240]. For example, the conversion from one-dimensional structures to three-dimensional morphologies of C60 rods and tubes was carried out via a surfactant-assisted process in liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation

Energy distribution in an ensemble of nanoparticles and its consequences

• Dieter Vollath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1452–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.143

• distribution, which is typical for particles synthesized by chemical precipitation, is applied even when it is known that the tail on the side of large particles is often not properly described. When experimental data is evaluated, the parameters of the distribution functions are determined by a least square

• two normal distributions was performed. Such a size distribution may occur by minor changes of the conditions during chemical precipitation. As Figure 3 shows, this assumption leads to an improved approximation to the experimental data. The resulting distribution functions for the particle sizes are

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• Abstract A BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite (BTD) composite was synthesized via a modified sol–gel method and precipitation/calcination method for application as a photocatalyst and shows promise for degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater upon visible-light irradiation. In the composite, diatomite was used as

• −, OH and holes, have strong redox ability, and as a result, RhB can be degraded into small molecules to complete the photocatalytic process. Conclusion In summary, a BiOCl/TiO2/diatomite (BTD) composite was synthesized by a modified sol–gel method and precipitation/calcination method. The prepared BTD

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• the surface of the quartz tube and on quartz substrates (Figure 1a,b). The diameter of the nanowires ranged between 15 and 150 nm (Figure 1c). SnO2 nanopowder synthesis The precipitation method, reported in [30], was used to synthesize nanodispersed tin dioxide. Tin(II) acetate was dissolved in

• glacial acetic acid. A surplus of hydrogen peroxide was added to the solution: where NH3·H2O was added dropwise to cause hydrolytic precipitation of tin oxide as follows: The obtained colloid was precipitated by centrifugation, dried and annealed. Tin dioxide nanopowder was formed as a result of tin acid

Construction of a 0D/1D composite based on Au nanoparticles/CuBi₂O₄ microrods for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Weilong Shi,
• Mingyang Li,
• Hongji Ren,
• Feng Guo,
• Xiliu Huang,
• Yu Shi and
• Yubin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1360–1367, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.134

• photocatalyst consisting of Au nanoparticles (NPs) and CuBi2O4 microrods (Au/CBO) was designed and prepared by a simple thermal reduction–precipitation approach. It shows excellent photocatalytic performance in the degradation of tetracycline (TC). The maximum photocatalytic degradation rate constant for Au/CBO

• rationally designed and prepared by a facile in situ thermal reduction–precipitation method. The fabricated Au/CBO composites showed a higher photocatalytic activity in the removal of a typical antibiotic (tetracycline, TC, 10 mg/L) under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) than pristine CBO. Furthermore

• onto the surface of CBO by a facile simple thermal reduction–precipitation method. A certain amount of prepared CBO microrods was added to an aqueous solution of HAuCl4·4H2O. Afterward, the mixed solution was heated to boiling under continuous stirring for 10 min. The as-prepared product was washed and

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• anisotropy and magnetic interactions on properties of magnetic nanoparticles, in this work, a series of CoxFe3−xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) NPs was synthesized using a co-precipitation method. The effect of Co doping on the structural, magnetic and hyperthermia properties of CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles has been studied. We

• magnetization and particle size. Our results showed that the heat-generation efficiency is highly impacted by the magnetic anisotropy of the nanoparticles. Experimental Synthesis CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a facile co-precipitation method at 80 °C in air. The chemical reaction can be

Green fabrication of lanthanide-doped hydroxide-based phosphors: Y(OH)₃:Eu³⁺ nanoparticles for white light generation

• Tugrul Guner,
• Anilcan Kus,
• Mehmet Ozcan,
• Aziz Genc,
• Hasan Sahin and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.119

• methods have been widely used such as sol–gel, hydrothermal, combustion, emulsion, and precipitation methods [31][32][33][34]. Among those, the sol–gel and co-precipitation methods are, in general, slow and usually involve additional steps. On the other hand, there is a huge waste of organic solvents

Tailoring the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles using the polyol process

• Malek Bibani,
• Romain Breitwieser,
• Alex Aubert,
• Vincent Loyau,
• Silvana Mercone,
• Souad Ammar and
• Fayna Mammeri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1166–1176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.116

• magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite materials [15]. Among the several chemical techniques that can be used for synthesizing magnetic metal-oxide NPs (such as thermal decomposition [16], hydrothermal method [17], co-precipitation of precursors [18], combustion reaction [19]), the polyol process has

A highly efficient porous rod-like Ce-doped ZnO photocatalyst for the degradation of dye contaminants in water

• Binjing Hu,
• Qiang Sun,
• Chengyi Zuo,
• Yunxin Pei,
• Siwei Yang,
• Hui Zheng and
• Fangming Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1157–1165, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.115

• al. [36] reported a series of Ce-doped ZnO with different molar ratio by using the co-precipitation method. The SEM images of their products demonstrated that as the molar ratio is increased, the spherical nanoparticles changed to irregular and elongated shapes, which is similar to our results. In

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• nanostructured materials prepared by in situ formation of NPs can be achieved by applying various procedures such as impregnation by precipitation, sol–gel, solvothermal and microwave-assisted reactions. As already indicated, clay-based nanoarchitectures containing TiO2 NPs (anatase phase) are currently the most

• , when exposed to UV light [117]. Other alternative approaches include the direct precipitation of the ZnO from Zn salts in presence of bentonite dispersed in ethanol [124] or the association of ZnO NPs with Laponite® using poly(vinyl alcohol) as binder agent [125]. In both cases, the resulting materials

Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles

• Małgorzata Świętek,
• Yi-Chin Lu,
• Rafał Konefał,
• Liliana P. Ferreira,
• M. Margarida Cruz,
• Yunn-Hwa Ma and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1073–1088, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.108

• Abstract Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles obtained through co-precipitation and oxidation were coated with heparin (Hep) to yield γ-Fe2O3@Hep, and subsequently with chitosan that was modified with different phenolic compounds, including gallic acid (CS-G), hydroquinone (CS-H), and phloroglucinol (CS-P

• conjugation via esterification or amidation, and free-radical grafting [16]. The aim of this work was to design and fabricate superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with antioxidant properties. Positively charged γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized through co-precipitation, and their surface was

• -modified chitosan), and CS-P (phloroglucinol-modified chitosan). Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles Iron oxide particles were prepared by a co-precipitation method with slight modifications [39]. Briefly, FeCl2·4H2O (1.191 g) and FeCl3·6H2O (3.242 g) were dissolved in water (175 mL), the solution was

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• -Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Institute of Physics, Bijenička 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Laboratory for Precipitation Processes, Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000

Structural and optical properties of penicillamine-protected gold nanocluster fractions separated by sequential size-selective fractionation

• Xiupei Yang,
• Zhengli Yang,
• Fenglin Tang,
• Jing Xu,
• Maoxue Zhang and
• Martin M. F. Choi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 955–966, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.96

• University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.96 Abstract Polydisperse water-soluble gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) protected by penicillamine have been synthesized in this work. The sequential size-selective precipitation (SSSP) technique has been applied for the size

• them from widely being used for the fractionation of NCs into monodisperse sizes. Moreover, the fractionation of monolayer-protected NCs by other methods often depends on the core or ligand properties, in addition to being time-consuming and sophisticated. Size-selective precipitation is a simple and

• -soluble NCs and impurities. The separation by conventional purification techniques such as extraction, precipitation, chromatography or dialysis is incomplete. Some research in our group has already addressed the purification and separation of water-soluble N-acetyl-L-cysteine monolayer-protected

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• reversible formation of reaction products was observed in the process of initial precipitation from solution, followed by surface nucleation and growth during discharge, and abrupt disappearance of deposits during recharge. An 11-fold increase in the cell discharge capacity was measured as the water

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• afforded a mixture of platinum-decorated nanorods and additional platinum nanoparticles that were not attached to CdSe@CdS nanorods. For the platinum deposition conducted in toluene, the unattached platinum particles were removed by several dissolution and precipitation cycles using toluene and ethanol

Outstanding chain-extension effect and high UV resistance of polybutylene succinate containing amino-acid-modified layered double hydroxides

• Adam A. Marek,
• Vincent Verney,
• Christine Taviot-Gueho,
• Grazia Totaro,
• Laura Sisti,
• Annamaria Celli and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 684–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.68

• preparation involving soft chemistry routes. Layered double hydroxides can be obtained as naturally existing materials or can be produced by synthetic routes (e.g., co-precipitation or ion exchange). They are also known as anionic clays or hydrotalcite-like materials and are described by the general formula

• medium wavelength range of the ultraviolet C (UVC) and ultraviolet B (UVB) regions. In the present work, Mg2Al LDH materials were first organo-modified with histidine and phenylalanine using a co-precipitation method and then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared

• Sigma-Aldrich. PBS (PBE003) was purchased from NaturePlast. All the materials were reagent grade and used as received. Layered double hydroxide synthesis The LDH hybrids with general formula Mg2Al(OH)6[amino acid]·2H2O were prepared by a co-precipitation method according to a similar procedure as

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• Scheme 1. Cs2CO3 and PbBr2 were loaded into the liquid paraffin/OAm/OA solution. Then, the precursors were processed by tip-sonication and purified via centrifuging in the presence of methyl acetate as precipitation agent. Subsequently, the sediment was redispersed in toluene for further characterization

Topochemical engineering of composite hybrid fibers using layered double hydroxides and abietic acid

• Liji Sobhana,
• Lokesh Kesavan,
• Jan Gustafsson and
• Pedro Fardim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 589–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.60

• -precipitation of layered double hydroxide (LDH) was performed to grow LDH crystals on the surface of the cellulose fibers, followed by the immobilization of abietic acid (AA) on LDH-grafted cellulose. Here we aimed to benefit from the hydrogen bonding between –OH groups of cellulose and LDH, and the –COOH

• unbound cellulose fibers as prepared above were hybridized with Mg–Al LDH through in situ co-precipitation. Typically, 3.0 g of disintegrated fibers (oven dry mass) was dispersed in a flask containing mixed metal-salt solutions (Mg and Al nitrate, molar ratio 3:1) under gentle stirring until a homogenous

• slurry was obtained. Aqueous solution of sodium carbonate was added dropwise to the reaction flask under constant magnetic stirring to ensure homogeneity of the reaction medium. The reaction was performed at room temperature and air atmosphere. The pH value of the co-precipitation medium was kept