Colorimetric gas detection by the varying thickness of a thin film of ultrasmall PTSA-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles on a Si substrate

• Urmas Joost,
• Andris Šutka,
• Meeri Visnapuu,
• Aile Tamm,
• Meeri Lembinen,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Kathriin Utt,
• Krisjanis Smits,
• Ergo Nõmmiste and
• Vambola Kisand

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 229–236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.25

• from 1.87 to 1.81, i.e., also 3% measured at 633 nm. A decrease of the refractive index during swelling is understandable, taking into account the refractive index of ethanol (1.36 at 633 nm). The selectivity to different gases can be achieved by surface functionalization of the nanoparticles, which

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• components of the O 1s spectrum, O–Zn and O–C, remains unchanged after the surface functionalization. Therefore, the atomic ratio O–Zn/Zn (the percentage of oxygen bound to metal divided by the total metal percentage) remained stoichiometric, i.e. equal to 1, also after the metal decoration, as reported in

Streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticles: critical role of oligonucleotides on stability and fractal aggregation

• Roberta D'Agata,
• Pasquale Palladino and
• Giuseppe Spoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.1

• Andrea Doria 6, I-95125, Catania, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.8.1 Abstract Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) exhibit unique properties that can be modulated through a tailored surface functionalization, enabling their targeted use in biochemical sensing and medical diagnostics. In particular, streptavidin-modified

Functionalized platinum nanoparticles with surface charge trigged by pH: synthesis, characterization and stability studies

• Giovanna Testa,
• Laura Fontana,
• Iole Venditti and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1822–1828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.175

• solvothermal techniques are well favored for the synthesis of PtNPs, together with sol–gel methods [17]. They give rise to colloidal suspensions although a fine control of the size, dispersity and the surface functionalization is quite difficult to reach. Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) has been used as a

Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• need to chemically modify the surface of the electrodes (surface functionalization) [8][13], which will complicate the fabrication of the sensors and reduces the reproducibility. Taking the above discussion into account, one can conclude that the need to create accurate and real-time analytical

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• agent (not reported) was about 60 nm. The broadening of about 30 nm can be ascribed to the surface functionalization of the AgNPs with 3MPS. We characterized the AgNP-3MPS nanoparticles via STM spectroscopy. Figure 3a,b shows the morphology and the profile of the nanoparticles, respectively. We

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• ] to a few megapascals [166]. All these three artificial polymeric materials are by themselves non-adhesive for cells. Therefore, surface functionalization with cell adhesive molecules is essential prior to cell culture studies. In summary, the engineering of defined micro- and nanostructured cell

• desired to have a predictable influence on cell behavior. Moreover, some synthetic materials are not promoting cell adhesion; a functionalization of the surface prior of cell contact becomes necessary to render it cell-adhesive. There are numerous methods and strategies for chemical surface

• functionalization. It will be beyond the scope of this review to give a detailed account; only a few examples can be depicted. One simple and often used way to functionalize a surface non-specifically with molecules is by simple physisorption, often after enhancing the surface charge of hardly adhesive surfaces

Viability and proliferation of endothelial cells upon exposure to GaN nanoparticles

• Tudor Braniste,
• Ion Tiginyanu,
• Tibor Horvath,
• Simion Raevschi,
• Serghei Cebotari,
• Marco Lux,
• Axel Haverich and
• Andres Hilfiker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1330–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.124

• cells grown on surfaces functionalized with GaN nanoparticles demonstrated excellent adhesion and proliferation, suggesting good biocompatibility of the nanostructured GaN. Keywords: endothelial cells; GaN nanoparticles; proliferation; surface functionalization; Introduction The development of new

• . Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of 3 independent experiments with 2 replicates. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 202: Details regarding nanoparticle characterization, chemical analysis measurements and schematics of the surface functionalization process with

• . Since each cell division reduces the number of the incorporated GaN nanoparticles by 50%, the load of GaN nanoparticles in a single cell diminishes with time. The growth of endothelial cells on top of fixed nanoparticles avoids the internalization process of nanoparticles by cells. Surface

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• groups. To illustrate the surface functionalization of Glc-NCs, pentylthiol mannoside (Scheme S1, Supporting Information File 1) was incubated with Glc-NCs overnight to yield Glc-NC@Man (Figure 2A). After dialysis, the IR spectrum revealed two new peaks corresponding to the C–H bonds of the linker at

• L929 cells. Surface functionalization of Glc-NCs with biomolecules opens opportunities for drug delivery applications. A) One-pot synthesis of Glc-NCs at room temperature; B) UV–vis spectra of freshly synthesized Glc-NCs and after three days are indicative of stable particles; C) high-resolution TEM

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• with oxygen and can be handled even under ambient conditions in the laboratory before its surface functionalization with organosulfur compounds. The covalent bond between sulfur and gold gives rise to robust and reasonably conductive single-molecular junctions of adsorbed molecules on gold substrates

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• substrates through their terminal groups [1][2][3][4]. Among them, aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES; NH2(CH2)3Si(OCH2CH3)3) is probably the best-known coupling agent used for surface functionalization. APTES has three hydrolysable ethoxy groups that attach to the metal nanoparticle surface (known as

Orthogonal chemical functionalization of patterned gold on silica surfaces

• Francisco Palazon,
• Didier Léonard,
• Thierry Le Mogne,
• Francesca Zuttion,
• Céline Chevalier,
• Magali Phaner-Goutorbe,
• Éliane Souteyrand,
• Yann Chevolot and
• Jean-Pierre Cloarec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2272–2277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.233

• biosensors) is a major challenge. Keywords: characterization; self-assembled monolayer; surface functionalization; ToF–SIMS; XPS; Introduction The orthogonal self-assembly of different molecules onto a patterned substrate was first demonstrated in 1989 by Whitesides and co-workers [1]. Recently, especially

• forward power (10 W reflected), 90 Pa, for 5 min to ensure that no residual resist remained on the surface. Surface functionalization HS-(CH2)11-NH-C(O)-Biotin 95% (MU-Biot) was purchased from ProChimia. 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecanethiol (F-thiol) 97% was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Trichloro(1H,1H,2H,2H

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• in the preparation of microfiltration devices was realized by the surface functionalization of macroporous supports or membranes by nanoporous functional coatings [17][18][19][20]: the macroporous, permeable supports, in fact, can provide mechanical strength to the thinner functional coatings on top

• separation processes and dosing of chemicals. In this study, the surface functionalization of silicon nitride commercial microsieves by means of colloidal silica nanoparticles has been proposed as a novel strategy to fabricate composite membranes for microfluidic devices. The permeability and size

Continuum models of focused electron beam induced processing

• Milos Toth,
• Charlene Lobo,
• Vinzenz Friedli,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1518–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.157

• beam induced etching (FEBIE), deposition (FEBID) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and surface functionalization [17] techniques. They are typically used to simulate growth rates and nanostructure geometries as a function of experimental parameters, and to help elucidate the

• , and cause the etch rate to increase with electron beam irradiation time. Electron beam induced surface functionalization and spontaneous decomposition of precursor molecules at the substrate surface: These two processes have been modeled for the case of XeF2 [17] which can fragment through a

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• and plain TMVLys controls (and in some tests wildtype TMVwt) under equal conditions. The products were analyzed and compared to determine favorable TMV template–peptide combinations for specific silica mineralization. Results and Discussion Surface functionalization of TMVLys templates by conjugation

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• plasmon resonance spectra against the molar fraction of Au or Ag. For a given particle size and surface functionalization, a linear relationship would indicate a macroscopically homogeneous distribution of the metals in the nanoparticles [21]. In Figure 4, the absorption maxima of the ≈10 nm nanoparticles

Influence of gold, silver and gold–silver alloy nanoparticles on germ cell function and embryo development

• Ulrike Taylor,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Wilfried A. Kues,
• Stephan Barcikowski and
• Detlef Rath

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 651–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.66

• <0.1% for AgNP [28] of the given dose. Once nanoparticles entered the body, the biodistribution depends on factors like particle size [31][32] and surface functionalization [33]. No clear trends have been established yet as to how those factors determine the biodistribution of the particles and further

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• spectroscopy; dipolar relaxation; entropy; gauche defect; organic monolayer; Introduction Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) and organic molecular layers (OML) have attracted great interest over the past two decades because surface functionalization offers great flexibility for a molecular-level control of

Silica micro/nanospheres for theranostics: from bimodal MRI and fluorescent imaging probes to cancer therapy

• Shanka Walia and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 546–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.57

Synergic combination of the sol–gel method with dip coating for plasmonic devices

• Cristiana Figus,
• Maddalena Patrini,
• Francesco Floris,
• Lucia Fornasari,
• Paola Pellacani,
• Gerardo Marchesini,
• Andrea Valsesia,
• Flavia Artizzu,
• Daniela Marongiu,
• Michele Saba,
• Franco Marabelli,
• Andrea Mura,
• Giovanni Bongiovanni and
• Francesco Quochi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 500–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.52

• stability [13][14]. Therefore, research has been focus on the development of an ideal combination of surface functionalization methods and effective plasmonic structures for the detection and/or recognition of specific analytes. However, independent from the considerations of the final application, sensing

Conformal SiO₂ coating of sub-100 nm diameter channels of polycarbonate etched ion-track channels by atomic layer deposition

• Nicolas Sobel,
• Christian Hess,
• Manuela Lukas,
• Anne Spende,
• Bernd Stühn,
• M. E. Toimil-Molares and
• Christina Trautmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 472–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.48

• silica nanopores sculptured by electron or kiloelectronvolt-ion beams, mesoscopic silica, or silica nanotubes. Such systems are of interest for numerous applications due to their facile surface functionalization, hydrophilic nature, and biocompatibility [29]. For the deposition of SiO2 on polymer

Hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: polymeric nanoparticle uptake and lineage differentiation

• Ivonne Brüstle,
• Thomas Simmet,
• Gerd Ulrich Nienhaus,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Volker Mailänder

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 383–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.38

• cytometry, the data are given as median fluorescence intensity (MFI). Functionalization of the nanoparticles with carboxy groups on the surface leads to a 3-fold increase in particle uptake for PS–COOH. The positive effect of surface functionalization on the uptake for hMSCs with carboxy groups has been

• particles are taken up at a higher concentration in both cell types compared to polystyrene particles, demonstrating the comparative investigation of different materials. The surface functionalization of the PS–COOH particles led to an increase of the particles in hMCS, but this was less effective in hHSCs

• hHSCs are able to take up different polymeric particles at a reasonable concentration without showing any signs of toxicity. The surface functionalization of the polystyrene particle with carboxy groups did not improve the cellular uptake for hHSCs, while for hMSCs, this effect was confirmed. The

Biological responses to nanoscale particles

• Reinhard Zellner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 380–382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.37

• studies of nanoparticles) that the surface area seems to be one of the properties that causes a severe biological response, other properties such as solubility, hydrophobicity, surface functionalization, surface charge, colloidal stability and nanoparticle morphology have been suggested to be of equal

• preferred as a function of shape, size, and most importantly, surface functionalization and protein corona, could thus far not be established. The SPP1313 research network resulted from an open national call after an intensive evaluation of proposals by an international group of experts. It operated for a

Exploiting the hierarchical morphology of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotube films for highly hydrophobic coatings

• Francesco De Nicola,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Manuela Scarselli,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Ilaria Cacciotti and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 353–360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.34

• depending on the number of coaxially arranged graphite planes. Moreover, owing to their honeycomb lattice, carbon nanotubes are inherently hydrophilic (the contact angle of graphite with water being approx. 86° [22]) but apolar. However, by surface functionalization or textured arrangement it can be

Comparative evaluation of the impact on endothelial cells induced by different nanoparticle structures and functionalization

• Lisa Landgraf,
• Ines Müller,
• Peter Ernst,
• Miriam Schäfer,
• Christina Rosman,
• Isabel Schick,
• Oskar Köhler,
• Hartmut Oehring,
• Vladimir V. Breus,
• Thomas Basché,
• Carsten Sönnichsen,
• Wolfgang Tremel and
• Ingrid Hilger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 300–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.28

• surface functionalization and had the highest impact on the cell viability for the positively charged QDs. These findings confirmed the results of previous studies and further reinforce the fact that the cytotoxicity of positively charged nanoparticles is mainly due to impairment of cellular membranes

• Fe3O4) and quantum dots (QDs). 1) Gold nanoparticles (GNP): The gold colloids with a core size of approximately 40 nm in diameter were synthesized according to Rosman et al. [45] and were spherically or rod-like shaped. GNP without surface functionalization were transferred to 0.1 M