Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• rate of 5 °C/min to reduce GO to rGO [33][34], and five samples were obtained: hollow spheres of pure ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/rGO composite spheres with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 wt % of rGO. Characterization methods The crystal phases of pure ZnFe2O4 and the ZnFe2O4/rGO composites were characterized by X-ray

• diffraction (XRD, Bruker D8 Advance) using Cu Kα radiation at room temperature. The 2θ range was 10−80°, and the scanning rate was 5°·min−1. The microscopic morphology and the size of all samples were observed using a field-emission scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• , 20 and 40 ppm) or erbium standard for ICP (c(Er3+) = 1, 5 and 10 ppm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements A minimum amount of 10 mg of dried particles were used for the XRD measurements. The XRD device was a Rigaku SmartLab 3 kW with a DTex Ultra 250 detector (40 kV, 30 mA) equipped with a Cu Kα1

• particles of similar sizes [58][60][61]. Since the surface of the particles corresponds to that of particles from a standard Stöber synthesis, the colloids can be functionalized with the same diverse methods as Stöber silica particles [58]. Figure S5 in Supporting Information File 1 shows X-ray diffraction

• (XRD) measurements of the oleate-coated UCNP cores C1 and the same particles after the growth of two, three, four and five additional silica shells (samples C1_2S, C1_3S, C1_4S, and C1_5S). These data exclude a possible influence of the silica shell on the crystallinity of the UCNP core. The cores have

Semitransparent Sb₂S₃ thin film solar cells by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis for use in solar windows

• Jako S. Eensalu,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Erki Kärber,
• Lothar Weinhardt,
• Monika Blum,
• Clemens Heske,
• Wanli Yang,
• Ilona Oja Acik and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.230

• and back contact is needed to attain an AVT in excess of 20% for the complete solar cell. As-deposited Sb2S3 layers on glass/ITO/TiO2 substrate were amorphous (Figure 1d), as only signals of anatase-TiO2 and In2O3 from the substrate were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In contrast, the XRD

Polyvinylpyrrolidone as additive for perovskite solar cells with water and isopropanol as solvents

• Chen Du,
• Shuo Wang,
• Xu Miao,
• Wenhai Sun,
• Yu Zhu,
• Chengyan Wang and
• Ruixin Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2374–2382, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.228

• SUPRA55. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected with a SmartLab from Rigaku at 40 kV and 150 mA by using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.15405 nm). The photovoltaic performance of the PSCs was recorded using a Keithley 4200 source meter under one-sun AM 1.5G (100 mW·cm−2) illumination with a solar light

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• Libra 200). Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were conducted to determine the phase of the as-synthesized composites with Cu Kα radiation operated at 40 kV and 30 mA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on a Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD instrument using monochromated Al Kα X

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• multifunctional biomedical applications. The crystalline phase, morphology, magnetization, and coordination environment of various spinel species were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET surface area measurements, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectroscopy (DR UV–vis

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• . We synthesized three samples using a solvothermal approach, which was carried out under mild conditions in ethylene glycol as a green solvent. We tackled the aforementioned difficulties in phase assignment by means of thorough characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• catalysts were characterized to obtain quantitative information on properties such as crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), crystal size by laser diffraction, crystal morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), pore width by N2 sorption and Hg

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• nanoparticles designed for use as MRI contrast media are precisely examined by a variety of methods: powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance (ZF-NMR) spectroscopy. TEM and XRD measurements reveal

• nanoparticles, has been repeatedly emphasized, and the exact composition of the MNPs is usually determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) or Mössbauer spectroscopy with and without magnetic field [12][13][14]. In this work, we show other options for solving this problem using Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• -SEM, Hitachi S-4800) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai F30) coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Crystal structures were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Philips, X’pert Pro, Cu Kα, 0.154056 nm). The vibrational information of chemical bonds of samples was

High-tolerance crystalline hydrogels formed from self-assembling cyclic dipeptide

• Yongcai You,
• Ruirui Xing,
• Qianli Zou,
• Feng Shi and
• Xuehai Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1894–1901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.184

• domains (red regions) (Figure 2B) and beta-sheet secondary structures (blue regions) (Figure 2C). Intriguingly, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the presence of sharp peaks, indicating that the hydrogel has long-range, ordered, crystal patterns (Figure 2D). The crystal patterns were further

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• molecules left in the pores, thus ensuring that the whole pore volume was available for trapping the SF6 guest. The bulk sample was analyzed before and after the gas loading by conventional analytical methods, including FTIR, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). SF6-loading

Biocatalytic oligomerization-induced self-assembly of crystalline cellulose oligomers into nanoribbon networks assisted by organic solvents

• Yuuki Hata,
• Yuka Fukaya,
• Toshiki Sawada,
• Masahito Nishiura and
• Takeshi Serizawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1778–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.173

• discussed further below. The crystal structure of the representative products was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) absorption spectroscopy. The XRD profiles showed three peaks at 2θ (θ is the Bragg angle) of 12.2, 19.9

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• , which guarantees the excellent cyclic stability and desirable rate performance of Li/S batteries. Figure 2a shows X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the as-spun and as-dealloyed sample. The TiAl foil exhibits Al3Ti (JCPDS 65-2667) and Al (JCPDS 65-2869) phases. After dealloying, the specimen shows a

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• following alginate–zein (A-Z) bionanocomposite beads were prepared: A-Z@MCPA-LDH and A-Z@MCPA-LDH/Sep0.5:1_60C, incorporating the intercalation compound or the hybrid nanoarchitecture, respectively. Characterization Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected on a Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• a heating rate of 20 K/min between 25 and 300 °C under 80 mL/min nitrogen purge. X-ray diffraction (XRD) To determine the amorphous state and possible residual crystal fractions of rutin in smartPearls, XRD was performed using a Bruker D8 (Bruker, USA) instrument (n = 1). A scan rate of 0.02°/s (2θ

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• monitored by CD did not show inversion. X-ray diffraction analysis To understand the different structure of the three NCLG compounds, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were further adopted to evaluate the assembled structures of the three gelators. As shown in Figure 4a, for 2NCLG xerogels, a series of

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• the components in a single homogeneous paste with subsequent thermal annealing. The composition and microstructure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• × 0.5 mm in size with the thickness of 5–7 μm. The list of the samples is given in Table 1. Materials characterization The phase composition was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) using a DRON-3 diffractometer (radiation Co Kα, λ = 1.7903 Å). The crystallite size (dXRD) of SiC and ZnO phases in

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• composition values of the component elements were determined from the XPS spectra using the Avantage software (version 5.978). The crystalline structure of the ITO thin films on amorphous quartz substrates was investigated by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker AXS D8 Discover diffractometer

Selective gas detection using Mn₃O₄/WO₃ composites as a sensing layer

• Yongjiao Sun,
• Zhichao Yu,
• Wenda Wang,
• Pengwei Li,
• Gang Li,
• Wendong Zhang,
• Lin Chen,
• Serge Zhuivkov and
• Jie Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1423–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.140

• and morphological characteristics Figure 1a presents the phase purity and crystal structure of pure WO3 and Mn3O4/WO3 investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The main reflection peaks can be well-indexed to monoclinic-type crystalline phase of WO3 with similar values from reported data (space group

BiOCl/TiO₂/diatomite composites with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B

• Minlin Ao,
• Kun Liu,
• Xuekun Tang,
• Zishun Li,
• Qian Peng and
• Jing Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1412–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.139

• ). Both the SEM and TEM were used with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the samples were recorded by a X-ray powder diffractometer using a Cu Kα source (λ = 0.15418 nm) at a scanning rate of 2°/min between 5° and 80°. A Thermo Fisher VG Scientific VG ESCALAB250Xi

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• The structure of the prepared carbons was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The transmission electron microscope (JEM-2010, JEOL Inc.) was operated at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD6100, Shimadzu Corp.) was equipped with a

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• residual carbonaceous species [35] and inorganic components [36]. Structural analysis of the nanocomposites before thermal treatment Generally, the study of the formation of mesostructured silica nanocomposites can be characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the small-angle region [37]. Figure 3a

• reduction to 4-AP. Indeed, the [AuNPs]red/silicahex film was found to have a higher catalytic activity with a rate constant of 1.92 × 10−2 min−1 due to the presence of small gold nanoparticles grown within the high quality mesoporous silica structures. Experimental Instrumentation X-ray diffraction (XRD

The effect of magneto-crystalline anisotropy on the properties of hard and soft magnetic ferrite nanoparticles

• Hajar Jalili,
• Bagher Aslibeiki,
• Ali Ghotbi Varzaneh and
• Volodymyr A. Chernenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1348–1359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.133

• phase purity of the samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Figure 1a shows XRD patterns of CoxFe3−xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤1) nanoparticles. No secondary phases are found. The peaks intensities indicate that the samples are highly crystalline. The peaks match well with JCPDS cards (no. 01-088

A biomimetic nanofluidic diode based on surface-modified polymeric carbon nitride nanotubes

• Kai Xiao,
• Baris Kumru,
• Lu Chen,
• Lei Jiang,
• Bernhard V. K. J. Schmidt and
• Markus Antonietti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1316–1323, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.130

• × 10−9 mbar. The binding energies were referenced to the C 1s line at 284.8 eV from adventitious carbon. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) JSM-7500F (JEOL) at an accelerating voltage of 3 kV was used to get the top view of the CNNs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded with a Bruker D8