Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• conversion of absorbed NIR light to heat. In cancer intervention, NIR-mediated photothermal therapy is gaining more attention due to the deep tissue penetration with minimal absorbance by healthy tissues [15][16]. Gold nanorods are potential delivery carriers for sustained drug release in response to an

• hemoglobin in the supernatant of GNPs-RBCs mixture by monitoring absorbance intensity at 570 nm. The absence of a marked hemotoxicity of this sample is mainly related to the presence of the polymer. The GNR surface had no direct contact with the RBCs because it was completely passivated by the PSS coating

Characterization, bio-uptake and toxicity of polymer-coated silver nanoparticles and their interaction with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• Sahar Pourhoseini,
• Reilly T. Enos,
• Angela E. Murphy,
• Bo Cai and
• Jamie R. Lead

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 282–294, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.23

• after 24 h was measured and the results are presented in Figure 2. A decrease in the UV–vis absorbance was observed for all concentrations. A small redshift and a broadening of the Ag peak, especially for the 1000 µg·L−1 PVP-AgNP concentration was observed after 24 h of exposure. The values of full

• solution was added to each well and the LDH activity of the samples was assessed by measuring NADH absorbance at 490 nm. Cell metabolic activity was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS; Promega, Madison, WI) assay. The MTS assay

Effect of different silica coatings on the toxicity of upconversion nanoparticles on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Helena Oliveira and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 35–48, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.3

• Biotec). The absorbance was recorded at 570 nm using a microtiter plate reader (Synergy HT, BioTeK Instruments Inc). The percentage of cell growth inhibition was calculated using Equation 2: Cell cycle analysis The cell cycle was analyzed by using flow cytometry, according to the method previously

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• equilibrium. The suspension was then irradiated under a UV light source under constant stirring. The photocatalytic reaction was monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy on each solution aliquot (1 mL) taken at 10 min intervals. The UV–vis spectra recorded at the maximum absorbance for methyl violet dye (464 nm

Nanocasting synthesis of BiFeO₃ nanoparticles with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity

• Thomas Cadenbach,
• Maria J. Benitez,
• A. Lucia Morales,
• Cesar Costa Vera,
• Luis Lascano,
• Francisco Quiroz,
• Alexis Debut and
• Karla Vizuete

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1822–1833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.164

• separate the catalyst powder from the solution. The absorbance of each sample during photocatalysis was measured at the maximum absorption peak of RhB. Characterization techniques and equipment The structure and phase purity of the nanomaterials synthesized here were characterized using powder X-ray

• absorbance peak of RhB at 553 nm decreased over time (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). A closer inspection of that peak also reveals a blueshift of the maximum peak intensity from 553 to 548 nm due to the formation of intermediate species upon cleavage of the conjugated chromophore or removal

• particles (b) particle size analysis (c) particles synthesized by a previously reported co-precipitation method, avg. size 20 nm (d) bulk material. Absorbance spectra and Tauc plot (inset) for 5.5 nm BiFeO3 nanoparticles. Photocatalytic degradation of RhB as a function of irradiation time under visible

PEG/PEI-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as delivery carriers for doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro evaluation

• Shuoye Yang,
• Zhenwei Wang,
• Yahong Ping,
• Yuying Miao,
• Yongmei Xiao,
• Lingbo Qu,
• Lu Zhang,
• Yuansen Hu and
• Jinshui Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1728–1741, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.155

• stored overnight at 4 °C. The different DOX-loaded formulations were centrifugated 3–5 times for separating unencapsulated drugs. The supernatant liquid was stored for measuring the absorbance at 480 nm by UV–vis spectroscopy according to the preestablished standard curve. The drug loading efficiency (LE

• , the same volume of fresh PBS was supplied in the release medium. The concentration of released DOX in all samples was determined by measuring the UV absorbance. The cumulative release rate of DOX was calculated and the measurements were repeated for three times, averaging the results. Cell viability

• dissolve the formazan crystals. The absorbance of the final solution was measured at a wavelength of 570 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer (SpectraMax iD5) to calculate the cell viability. Groups without treatment were used as control. Cellular uptake of DOX-loaded nanocarriers The drug delivery in

Cardiomyocyte uptake mechanism of a hydroxyapatite nanoparticle mediated gene delivery system

• Hiroaki Komuro,
• Masahiro Yamazoe,
• Kosuke Nozaki,
• Akiko Nagai and
• Tetsuo Sasano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1685–1692, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.150

• (PBS) to remove detached dead cells and the formazan crystals were solubilized in DMSO. The absorbance was measured using a microplate reader at 570 nm. The relative cell viability (%) compared to non-treated cells was calculated by [abs] sample/[abs] control × 100. Transfection efficiency assay HL-1

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• the ablation process. The vessel was covered with a thin glass slide to prevent the vapor from reaching the laser focusing lens. The optical absorbance of the colloidal Ag2S NPs was measured by using a UV–vis double-beam spectrophotometer (Lambda 750, Perkin Elmer). The thiourea solution was used as

Role of redox-active axial ligands of metal porphyrins adsorbed at solid–liquid interfaces in a liquid-STM setup

• Thomas Habets,
• Sylvia Speller and
• Johannes A. A. W. Elemans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1264–1271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.110

• . Also the first Q-band has blueshifted by 21 nm, and a larger background absorbance is observed. These spectral changes indicate that the molecules of MnTUPCl are reactive in the STM setup under the influence of the bias voltage. Following our hypotheses described above, the solution might also contain

Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater

• Dinesh Rotake,
• Anand Darji and
• Nitin Kale

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1242–1253, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.108

• ), b) Au-Cys-DL-GC(4), c) Au-Cys-DL-GC(5), d) Au-Cys-DL-GC(6) and e) Au-Cys-DL-GC(7). FTIR absorbance spectra of a Cd(II)/DL-GC/Cys/Au/Ti coating. EDX measurement of a SAM of cysteamine (Cys)-cross-linked ᴅʟ-glyceraldehyde (Cys-DL-GC). (a) Scan area for analysis, (b) table with detected elements, (c–f

Gram-scale synthesis of splat-shaped Ag–TiO₂ nanocomposites for enhanced antimicrobial properties

• Mohammad Jaber,
• Asim Mushtaq,
• Kebiao Zhang,
• Jindan Wu,
• Dandan Luo,
• Zihan Yi,
• M. Zubair Iqbal and
• Xiangdong Kong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1119–1125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.96

• containing the NCs were added to the wells and the cells were incubated for 24 and 48 h. A 10% CCK-8 assay solution was added to the media at the indicated times and incubated for an another one hour. Finally, the absorbance was measured using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm. Antibacterial test

Uniform Fe₃O₄/Gd₂O₃-DHCA nanocubes for dual-mode magnetic resonance imaging

• Miao Qin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Mengjie Xu,
• Hui Yan,
• Yizhu Cheng,
• Xiumei Zhang,
• Di Huang,
• Weiyi Chen and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1000–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.84

• culture medium was discarded and fresh media was added containing 15, 30, 45, and 60 μg/mL FGDA nanocubes, respectively. A cell counting kit (CCK-8) was used to evaluate the nanocube cytotoxicity at 12, 24, and 48 h. The absorbance was detected using a microplate reader (Biorad iMark, USA) at a wavelength

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• . Subsequently, the concentration of chloroanilic acid in the collected solution was determined with UV–vis-spectroscopy. The amount of adsorbed chloroanilic acid was calculated from the absorbance of the analyte stock solution (see Figure 12). Unfunctionalized ALOX-membranes adsorb 16.7% of chloroanilic acid

• °C under air atmosphere for different polyphenylalanine functionalized ALOX-membranes. Absorbance values of the water fractions with chloroanilic acid after the loading step. Assignment of NIR bands of polyphenylalanine grafted on ALOX [64]. Assignment of the combination bands with NH-stretching and

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• constrained by the substrate. However, the three-phonon anharmonic effect still presides in the low-T range for the A1g mode [26]. As a result of this the nonlinear perturbations were found to be persistent in the A1g mode even at high temperature. Additionally, the laser absorbance efficiency in WSe2 will

Effect of Ag loading position on the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ nanocolumn arrays

• Jinghan Xu,
• Yanqi Liu and
• Yan Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 717–728, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.59

• to start the photocatalysis. Every 10 min, an aliquot of 2 mL was transferred into a UV–vis cuvette, and the change in absorbance was measured using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV-3600). After the measurement was completed, the solution was poured back into the beaker to keep the total

• indirect bandgap semiconductor, since the grains are small and the energy levels are discrete: In Equation 1, h is Plank’s constant (6.626 × 10−34 J s), ν is the frequency of light, and Eg represents the bandgap energy. For the calculation of Eg by the Tauc plot absorbance the value of the absorption (Abs

• these experiments, the degradation efficiency can be described by the Lambert–Beer law and the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model as follows: where Abs. is the solution absorbance, a is the solution absorbance coefficient, b is the optical path, C is the solution concentration, C0 is the initial concentration

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• performed using a similar protocol. After sonication, the dispersions were allowed to rest for 12 h before centrifuging at 500 rpm (REMI Neya-12) for 1 h to remove non-exfoliated flakes. Small aliquots were collected at regular time intervals in order to measure the concentration. The absorbance of the MoO3

• study the exfoliation efficiency, different initial concentrations (Ci) of MoO3 (5, 7.5, 10 and 20 mg·mL−1) were sonicated for 1 h using probe sonication. The UV–vis spectra of the dispersions were collected and the absorbance per unit length (A/l) is shown in Figure 1a. As Ci of the dispersion

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of heterostructured CuO–ZnO-loaded composite nanofiber membranes

• Wei Fang,
• Liang Yu and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 631–650, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.50

• measuring the maximum absorbance of methyl orange at 465 nm using a UV spectrophotometer (Cary 5000, Agilent Technologies, USA). Each photocatalytic degradation experiment was performed three times. Results and Discussion Characterization of electrospun Cu(Ac)2/Zn(Ac)2/PVDF/PAN CNFMs Cu(Ac)2/Zn(Ac)2/PVDF

• CNFMs were electrospun PVDF/PAN CNFMs, CuO-loaded PVDF/PAN CNFMs, ZnO-loaded PVDF/PAN CNFMs and heterostructured CuO-ZnO–loaded PVDF/PAN CNFMs, named A, B, C and D, respectively. The measured absorbance as a function of the time in the degradation process is shown in Table 5 and Figure 23. The

• . Absorbance and degradation rate of methyl orange solutions functions of the time using samples A, B, C and D. Degradation rates during consecutive photocatalytic degradation experiments using the sample D. Funding The work is supported financially by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• , annealed-CDs and LA-CDs-10% are depicted in Figure 3d. There are three peaks at 208, 253 and 293 nm for the HTC-CDs. The peak at 208 nm is from the π–π* transition of the conjugated C=C bond on the backbone of carbon [36], and the broad absorbance peaks at 253 and 293 nm are from the n–π* transition of the

• carbonyl and other oxygen or nitrogen-containing groups [37]. There is no visible peak for the annealed-CDs, which exhibited continuous, weak absorbance in the wavelength range of 200 to 600 nm. Such a result suggests that the annealed-CDs are conductive and the corresponding bandgap is zero [38]. For the

• ) HTC-CDs, (b) annealed-CDs (annealing temperature: 850 °C), and (c) LA-CDs-10%; the size distribution of soybean-derived nanoparticles: (d) HTC-CDs, (e) annealed-CDs, and (f) LA-CDs-10%. Photoluminescence spectra of: (a) HTC-CDs, (b) annealed-CDs, and (c) LA-CDs-10%; (d) UV–vis absorbance spectra of

Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon

• Hyung Jun An,
• Jong Min Park,
• Nazmul Abedin Khan and
• Sung Hwa Jhung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 597–605, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.47

• demand (COD) levels. Additionally, dyes decrease sunlight penetration through water, decreasing the natural restoration activity of rivers. Moreover, dyes in waste water are also considered problematic in the aesthetic sense, since the absorbance of dyes is usually very high (therefore, even small

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• : glutathione; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; MTU: 5-methyl-2-thiouracil). D) Structures of biomolecular ligands (HSA: human serum albumin, PDB ID IE78; BSA: bovine serum albumin, PDB ID 3VO3, and Lys: lysozyme, PDB ID 3WUN). E) Schematic representation showing Au-BSA NC synthesis. F) Absorbance and fluorescence

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• appears around 350 nm, which probably corresponds to the quadrupole resonance. For calculations leading to a better illustration of absorption, scattering and overall absorption of light in Ag nanoparticles, the Mie theory is employed. Absorbance and the distribution of the electromagnetic field around

• corroborated by FDTD calculations showing the distribution of the electromagnetic field around the Ag nanoparticles, as well as the calculated absorbance. Analytical solutions of the electromagnetic field distribution in plasmonic platforms are known for very simple nanoparticles with spherical or cylindrical

• pulse was set to rectangular. The pulse duration was set to 20 fs and the overall simulation time to 100 fs. This was enough to observe plasmonic decay. The field was calculated in a plane located 10 nm above the substrate. For calculations of the absorbance, the pulse shape was set to sinusoidal. The

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• contents. The solution was allowed to cool by incubation at room temperature for 15 min. Absorbance was measured in 1 cm quartz cuvettes on a Specord 250 spectrophotometer (Analytik, Jena, Germany) at 490 nm using solutions of the parent glycoside 1 for calibration. The calculation also took into

• reaction was stopped with 100 μL of 1 N H2SO4. The absorbance at 492 nm was read on a Multiskan Ascent analyzer (Thermo). Absorbance values at 492 nm for the wells without bacterial cells were using as the control. Data were processed with Microsoft Excel 2003 software (Microsoft Corp.); 95% confidence

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• only discuss the results for AzoC2, all other ligands behave very similarly and the data can be found in Supporting Information File 1, Figures S10–S12. A solution of AzoC2 in purified H2O (c = 10−5 M) was irradiated at 313 nm and the absorbance was measured at certain time intervals. The absorption

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• H2O2. The H2O2 produced through ORR is also quantified using a Ce(SO4)2 solution assisted UV–visible absorbance based analysis, where the details and calibration are given in Supporting Information File 1. Figure 7a shows chronoamperograms of ORR on EEG-coated graphite papers at 0.358 V vs RHE in 0.1 M

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• ) was added to the wells. The plates were incubated at 37 °C for 4 h. Then the medium was aspirated from the wells and 100 μL of DMSO (to dissolve the crystals) was added to each well. The probes were incubated at 37 °C for 5 min. The absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a xMark spectrophotometer