Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• performed to optimize the morphology of the active layer by controlling fabrication parameters such as donor/acceptor ratio, casting solvents, additives, and thermal and solvent annealing processes [8][10][11][12]. In addition to device-level investigations, studies on the local morphology changes of

Copper atomic-scale transistors

• Fangqing Xie,
• Maryna N. Kavalenka,
• Moritz Röger,
• Daniel Albrecht,
• Hendrik Hölscher,
• Jürgen Leuthold and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 530–538, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.57

• Ubias is set at 129 mV. Two switching sequences of quantum conductance between 0–1G0 and 0–2G0 are shown in Figure 6. Copper electrolyte additives influence the morphology of the deposited copper film and, therefore, the switching behavior of the copper atomic-scale transistor. The copper electrolyte

• confocal microscopy image shown in Figure 7a was taken during the initial point-contact formation between source and drain. By comparing Figure 7a with Figure 4a we conclude, that the additives strongly influence the morphology of the deposited copper film and result in lower roughness. The sample used in

• , Copper Gleam HS-200 B (Rohm Hass, USA) and hydrochloric acid were added as additives to deposit uniform flat copper films. The copper electrolyte was prepared according to the recipe recommended by the supplier (Rohm Hass, USA): copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O), 100 g/L; sulfuric acid (96%), 200 g/L; chloride

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• proposed based on the fact that the radius of gyration of NH4+ is 0.90 Å [41], whereas the radius of gyration and the ionic radius of TMA+ are larger, namely, 1.93 Å and 2.9 Å, respectively [41][42]. The shape of the anisotropic cobalt nanostructures was next controlled by using additives with longer alkyl

• 1000 nm. The addition of TBAH yields nearly spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 250 nm (Figure 10c,d) suggesting isotropic growth of the crystals. The dissociation of hydroxide ions from TBAH is the least and TBA+ has the largest ionic radius of the additives used here. A general stability

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• tension isotherms of SDS with 2a additives (Figure 6a) and the decrease of the slope, indicating a lower surface activity. This is presumably related to the formation of structures with various aggregation numbers. Measurement of the size of 2а particles in SDS solution showed the presence of particles of

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• applied. Another approach is bioinspired mineralization. Here, principles from nature are adapted to deposit inorganic materials under mild reaction conditions. The crystal growth is controlled by organic additives in the mineralization solution that act as structure directing agents [18][19][20][21][22

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

• Paolo Visconti,
• Patrizio Primiceri,
• Daniele Longo,
• Luciano Strafella,
• Paolo Carlucci,
• Mauro Lomascolo,
• Arianna Cretì and
• Giuseppe Mele

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 134–144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.14

• characteristic of the MWCNTs. The results reported in [4] for SWCNTs have been confirmed also for multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in [5]. In fact, in this research work, the MWCNTs showed the same stabilizing behavior as the metal particles dispersed within them. Assuming the role of metallic additives

The cleaner, the greener? Product sustainability assessment of the biomimetic façade paint Lotusan^® in comparison to the conventional façade paint Jumbosil^®

• Florian Antony,
• Rainer Grießhammer,
• Thomas Speck and
• Olga Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2100–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.200

• manufacturers (VdL), Lotusan® consists of an emulsion of polyoxysiloxane, polymer dispersion, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, water and additives [31]. According to the technical bulletin [32], Lotusan® is characterized by a density of 1.4–1.6 g/mL, and is highly permeable to carbon dioxide and water vapour

• , dispersion-based façade paint. In accordance with the reporting guideline [31], Jumbosil® consists of polymer dispersion, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, silicate fillers, talcum, water, glycol ether, aliphatic compounds, additives and preserving agents [33]. Jumbosil® is characterized by a density of

• ® and 34% for Lotusan®, while the mass portion of additives is comparable. Additionally, 4% of silicone resin and 1% of silicone-based hydrophobizing agent is part of the formulation of Lotusan®. Benefit analysis In the framework of benefit analysis, Lotusan® und Jumbosil® are compared to each other

Effect of nanostructured carbon coatings on the electrochemical performance of Li_1.4Ni_0.5Mn_0.5O_2+x-based cathode materials

• Konstantin A. Kurilenko,
• Oleg A. Shlyakhtin,
• Oleg A. Brylev,
• Dmitry I. Petukhov and
• Alexey V. Garshev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1960–1970, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.187

• and currents [9][10]. The most common way of overcoming this problem is the modification of cathode materials by introducing additives and by depositing coatings that would suppress the interaction of electrolyte and the surface of particles. Various kinds of materials have been tested for surface

• cycling at 20–100 mA·g−1, for pure Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x Rct substantially increases in comparison with LNM/C composites (Figure 5B,D). One can suppose that the carbon additives lead to an enhancement of the electronic conductivity of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x and hinder the interaction of Li1.4Ni0.5Mn0.5O2+x

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• solution of PEDOT/PSS produces an enhancement in the conductivity of PEDOT/PSS films obtained from the solution [29][30]. In our case, the additives were deposited as a thin film on the top of the PEDOT/PSS layer and the same effect was observed. Layered composites exhibited better conductivity than PEDOT

• the μmol·L−1 range. The improved performance can be attributed to synergistic interactions between PEDOT/PSS and the additives similar to the interactions already described between PEDOT/PSS and graphene [37]. In our composites, PEDOT/PSS acts as the electron mediator and the additive further enhances

Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• lithography; surface plasmon resonance; Introduction Plasticizers are additives used in plastic industry, personal care products and especially in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. The most common plasticizers are phthalate acid esters (PAEs) [1]. Since PAEs are not chemically bound to the polymeric matrix

The effect of dry shear aligning of nanotube thin films on the photovoltaic performance of carbon nanotube–silicon solar cells

• Benedikt W. Stolz,
• Daniel D. Tune and
• Benjamin S. Flavel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1486–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.141

• explored from both a fundamental theory point of view [1][2], as well as experimentally in a host of different device architectures, including as additives in dye solar cells [3][4], organic photovoltaics [5][6], and perovskites [7][8] and as the active light absorbing component in conjunction with

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• concentration dependent. In addition to the amphiphile concentration, the morphology and size of both micelles and micellar aggregates also depend on other solution parameters, such as the type of solvents, the solvent/nonsolvent ratio, the presence of additives, and on molecular parameters, such as the

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• effects on the relaxivity measurements: in the case of carbon nanoparticles, any additives to water, such as a polymeric substance, will increase the stability of dispersion by reducing agglomeration by wrapping the particles. However, this leads to loading the CNTs with an additional mass and decreasing

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• stability and the inherent biofunctionality of polymeric and lipidic membranes, respectively [39][40]. Until now, most studies focused on the conditions influencing the appearance of lipopolymer assemblies, such as temperature or composition details [41][42][43][44]. Also the influence of additives, e.g

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• attracted attention for batteries and supercapacitors, as active materials and/or dispersible conductive additives [12][13]. Usually C-onions are obtained by using sophisticated technologies, such as vacuum annealing of nano-diamond precursors [14][15], nano-diamond annealing in inert gases [16], arc

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• Yue Zhang Wan-Xi Yang The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China 10.3762/bjnano.7.60 Abstract Since nanoparticles are now widely applied as food additives, in cosmetics and other industries, especially in medical therapy and diagnosis, we ask

• easily find them in, e.g., cosmetics [1], food additives [2], industrial process [3] and, especially, in medical therapy [4] and diagnostics [5]. In light of medical therapy, NPs have shown their extraordinary potential in cancer chemotherapeutics [6] and drug delivery systems [7], which successfully

• different fields, e.g., cosmetics, food additives, industry, medical therapy and diagnosis. While nanoparticles are becoming novel and popular materials in numerous scientific areas, their potential side effects are still not clear. Among those potential damages they may cause to the human body, the two

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in pure water and in chloride solution

• Brunella Perito,
• Emilia Giorgetti,
• Paolo Marsili and
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 465–473, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.40

• cultures are reported in Table 3 for ns-ablated AgNPs. E. coli cultures tested with AgNPsH2Ons (18.4 μg/mL) and AgNPsLiClns (3.7 μg/mL) did not show any increase of optical density at any monitored time, while E. coli cultures without additives showed an optical density increase starting from 2 h, until

Electrochemical coating of dental implants with anodic porous titania for enhanced osteointegration

• Amirreza Shayganpour,
• Alberto Rebaudi,
• Pierpaolo Cortella,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Marco Salerno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2183–2192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.224

• the anodization in the presence of electrolyte additives such as magnesium, these can be incorporated into the porous coating. The proposed method for the surface nanostructuring of biomedical implants should allow for integration of conventional microscale treatments such as sandblasting with

An ISA-TAB-Nano based data collection framework to support data-driven modelling of nanotoxicology

• Richard L. Marchese Robinson,
• Mark T. D. Cronin,
• Andrea-Nicole Richarz and
• Robert Rallo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1978–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.202

• ) study might be determined via comparing the “Factor Value [medium]” and “Factor Value [exposure medium]” entries in the physicochemical and in vitro (cell-based) Study files, respectively. However, details regarding possible suspension medium additives – such as serum and dispersant aids [78] – would

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• /Li discharge–charge curves are shown in Figure 20. It appears there that high reversible capacities are preserved independently of the amount of active material additives in the electrode. Indeed, reversible capacities of 1700 mA·h·g−1, 1800 mA·h·g−1 and 1900 mA·h·g−1 are obtained for the MgH2–18% Ct

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• ) [14]. When used as food additives, drugs, or cosmetics, nanomaterials are regulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). In the European Union, nanomaterials are regulated under the Concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and the

• compositions, silver is also the most frequently advertised nanomaterial component, with 207 products or 14.5% [11]. Silver nanoparticles are popular consumer product additives due to their well-documented antimicrobial properties [22]. Figure 3 shows how the availability of these major nanomaterial

• nanomaterial composition has been listed with other compositions in the same product. Locations of nanomaterials in consumer products for which a nanomaterial composition has been identified. Expected benefits of incorporating nanomaterial additives into consumer products. Potential exposure pathways from the

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• the presence of additives, binders, etc. Results and Discussion Cluster anchoring Phosphine-functionalized carbon nanofibers and nanotubes were prepared in several steps, as previously reported [38] and shown in Figure 1. We have also successfully applied this methodology to ordered mesoporous carbon

Improved optical limiting performance of laser-ablation-generated metal nanoparticles due to silica-microsphere-induced local field enhancement

• Zheren Du,
• Lianwei Chen,
• Tsung-Sheng Kao,
• Mengxue Wu and
• Minghui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1199–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.122

• complicated and uses toxic materials. The chemically synthesized nanoparticles are easily contaminated by chemical precursors, additives or byproducts. LAL has many advantages, such as the simple, safe, and high purity properties of the generated nanoparticles, the variety of the target materials capable of

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

• . 2.3.1.8 Electrolyte additives: The electrochemical activity of Li2O2 itself is quite poor without doubt, especially for the charge process (OER). Hence catalysis is necessary especially when aiming for experimental current densities. The results of heterogeneous catalysts until now did not fulfill the

• Lopez et al. reported on hexacarboxamide cryptands that are capable of incorporation of peroxide dianions in solution [100]. As these approaches are quite new, several questions such as long term functionality and stability of the molecular additives in an Li/O2 battery need to be investigated

• with oxygen in 2010 [26]. The cell was adopted from a fuel cell design and consisted of a molten sodium electrode, a polyglyme/PC (90:10) based electrolyte with different additives and a Pt containing carbon electrode. The cell operated at 105–110 °C. The high temperature concept with molten anode was

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• under high voltages and chemical compatible with the chosen electrode materials. Thus, additives are used in order to enhance the ionic conductivity and to improve the chemical compatibility. Also the properties of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the negative electrodes, which is essential for