Quercetin- and caffeic acid-functionalized chitosan-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles: one-pot synthesis, characterization, and anticancer and antibacterial activities

• Akif Hakan Kurt,
• Elif Berna Olutas,
• Fatma Avcioglu,
• Hamza Karakuş,
• Mehmet Ali Sungur,
• Cansu Kara Oztabag and
• Muhammet Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.31

• medium [74]. Since NPs are exposed to various forces that affect their stability and size in such environments (containing electrolytes, proteins and lipids), they may tend to collapse and aggregate. Although no aggregation and turbidity were observed during the preparation stage with the naked eye and

• . In other words, in the presence of the medium for cell culture (i.e., DMEM without phenol red), the possible formation of larger structures through the aggregation of Ag NPs will cause a shift in the position of the SPR peak toward the longer-wavelength side of the spectrum. Therefore, to get an

• insight into the aggregation and the stability of the Ch/Q- and Ch/CA-Ag NPs in the cell culture medium, UV–vis absorption measurements were carried out (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). As can be seen in Figure S2 (Supporting Information File 1), the SPR peak emerges at 428 and 440 nm for

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• ). Laser scanning or spinning disc confocal microscopy, typically used for qualitative determination of NP uptake, can provide valuable insights into relative distribution and aggregation of NPs, which has been widely used in the field of nonviral gene delivery (reported in 82% of the papers, Figure 1a

• ultracentrifugation provide ensemble detection of size distributions with their own issues and complexities (e.g., gradient-induced aggregation and pressure-induced particle reconfiguration) [65]. Determination of size on a per-particle basis, such as that obtained from NTA or the aforementioned cryo-TEM/solution AFM

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• becomes growth by monomer addition to the surface of the particles. At 1 mM concentration, however, the SiBP alters this profile and delays the aggregation of early approx. 10 nm particles into larger particles (Figure 4b). The most likely mechanism for this is the SiBP binding on the surface of the

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• different types of tumors through homotypic aggregation to homologous tissues [23]. The encapsulated NPs can specifically accumulate in the tumor tissue and reduce early clearance, thereby prolonging the residence time of the drugs they carry and reducing their systemic side effects [24]. Furthermore

• fast growth and easy metastasis [28]. After circulating tumor cells are released from the primary tumor site into the bloodstream, they participate in the main metastasis process and tend to form multicellular homoaggregates at major attachment sites [29][30]. The homotypic aggregation of cancer cells

• mediates solid tumorigenesis and metastatic behavior [31]. The mechanism of homotypic aggregation is the result of multifactorial action and is closely related to tumor-specific antigens (e.g., Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen [29], carcinoembryonic antigen [32], and glycoprotein 100 [33]) and other adhesion

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• them, a linear polymer was constructed through consecutive inclusion of adamantane in β-CyD units. Upon further addition of poly(ethylene glycol) bearing adamantane at the terminus nanoparticles were formed (Figure 7B). In these nanoparticles, aggregation of porphyrins is suppressed because of steric

• encapsulating (a part of) the photosensitizer in the cavities, its self-aggregation was suppressed to accomplish a high quantum yield of 1O2 production. The aggregation of porphyrin was photocontrolled by using complex formation of β-CyD with photoresponsive azobenzene [78]. By delivering nitrogen oxide (NO

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• carbon black-like materials, the primary carbon particles agglomerate into spherical agglomerates of ca. 200 nm and then merge into larger moieties of several micrometers, giving rise to an extensive meso–macroporous network. Such character of particle aggregation is observed for many types of carbon

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• difficult to implement and tend to cause NP self-aggregation. In situ methods are therefore generally preferred and typically require the polymer film surface to be treated with a metal precursor solution (layer-by-layer [37][38], sol–gel [39]) before undergoing thermal [40] or chemical reduction reactions

• non-bonding doublets of oxygen atoms create steric hindrance and avoid their aggregation. The coating, colorless before irradiation, becomes progressively pale yellow, orange, then finally brown. Due to the strong increase of AgNPs, the measurement system reaches the detection limit (OD > 3) after 15

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• previous work on the assembly of 1-PSN with larger PPSR ranging from 0.69 to 1.54 in a THF/ethanol mixture has shown that colloids with a low aggregation number (e.g., dimers, trimers, tetramers, and spherical micelles) could be obtained at a low incubation time. Also, the higher the PPSR value, the more

• by using pure water (Figure 4b) or salty water (Figure 4c) instead of ethanol in different fractions. We observed that, except for 1-PSN with PPSR ≤ 0.3, assembly was possible and led to dimers and possibly to clusters of low aggregation number for the highest PPSR values. These results first

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• catalysts were semiconductors rather than conductors. The morphology of the Fe3O4 catalysts is shown in Figure 2. The images show nanocrystal agglomerates with particle sizes of 100–400 nm for M1 and of 25–100 nm for M2 (Figure 2). The aggregation of M2 particles is much stronger than that of M1. Hence, M2

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

•  2a, the wrinkled area represents folded Gr sheets [52]. In Figure 2b, octahedron-like gold particles [53] are clearly visible in the corresponding FESEM image. The particle size of AuNPs seems to be larger than expected, which may be due to self-aggregation during the formation of the nanocomposite

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• distinctive optical properties. However, AuNPs are easily aggregate and are difficult to eliminate in vivo. In a previous reported work, we synthesized LNPs grafted with tiny gold nanoclusters (Au-LNPs) to solve issues regarding aggregation and metabolism [8]. However, PTT of Au-LNPs is limited by the low

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• –desorption hysteresis for HBN and MBN-80 have been schematized in Figure 4. The BET surface area and pore volume decreased in MBN-80 and could be attributed to the structural pore collapse or excess carbon aggregation [25]. However, the increase in carbon content contributed to the improvised light

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• , is the main cause of neurodegenerative diseases. Qing et al. used a chiral cysteine- (L/R-Cys) modified graphene oxide (GO) to study the chirality of the aggregation process of the chiral amyloid β-protein(1-40) (Aβ(1-40)) [152]. The adsorption behaviors of Aβ(1–40) monomers and oligomers by QCM

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• these nanomaterials to fabricate a scaffold that can potentially mimic the natural structure and function of the bones. The addition of nanomaterials to chitosan provides several advantages including the retaining of biological activities of nanomaterials and prevention of particle aggregation [24][25

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• , and a limiting current density of 5.3 mA·cm−2 in 0.1 M KOH with an electron transfer value of 3.97 [24]. The strong interactions among the unsupported trimetallic nanoparticles leads to aggregation resulting in reduced activity and stability. In this regard, structural regulation can be obtained via

Solar-light-driven LaFe_xNi_1−xO₃ perovskite oxides for photocatalytic Fenton-like reaction to degrade organic pollutants

• Chao-Wei Huang,
• Shu-Yu Hsu,
• Jun-Han Lin,
• Yun Jhou,
• Wei-Yu Chen,
• Kun-Yi Andrew Lin,
• Yu-Tang Lin and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 882–895, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.79

• crystal diameters than LaNiO3, indicating LaFeO3 tended to grow crystal than LaNiO3 at a certain calcination temperature. However, high temperature might cause particle aggregation, leading to the lower surface area. Therefore, a moderate temperature of 700 °C was selected to obtain the perovskite

• sol–gel solution could help the separation of LaFexNi1−xO3 crystals, leading to less particle aggregation. Moreover, the elemental analysis of the samples was also carried out using energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS). The Fe contents of the samples with different Fe/Ni atomic ratios were identified

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• limited owing to the aggregation of these phases, resulting in the decrement of active sites during photocatalysis [27]. In order to further increase the effectiveness of these heterostructures, the fabrication of efficient TiO2 materials for a homogeneous dispersion of Bi2WO6 through its morphological

• . The signals of Bi and W overlap to a great extent and uniformly distribute along the nanotube without aggregation. These signals are a little broader than those of Ti, revealing that Bi2WO6 nanoparticles spread along the TiO2 nanotube surface. Besides, the signals of Bi, W, and Ti interlaced among the

• powder (16.0 m2·g−1) [52]. This is mainly benefited from the uniform and compact dispersion of Bi2WO6 nanoparticles on the hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes without aggregation. The corresponding pore size distribution pattern analyzed by the BJH model exhibits a sharp peak at approx. 3 nm and a wide peak at

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• remarkable at concentrations greater than 8 µg/mL through affecting the aggregation of phenol-soluble modulins into amyloid fibrils. This result suggests that BBR may be a therapeutic agent against microbial-generated amyloid-involved diseases. BBR is also a phytochemical exhibiting a strong antiviral

• solvent that possesses many hydroxy groups. The hydrogen atoms of these hydroxy groups and the oxygen atoms of methoxy and furyl groups of BBR form hydrogen bonds, which can effectively avoid the aggregation of BBR NPs. Therefore, glycerol acts as a stabilizer to improve the distribution and stability of

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• diameter of about 13 nm according to DLS measurements. GSH-modified GNPs displayed similar morphology and sizes (Figure 2b) [6][45]. When GNPs-GSH were further modified with Rh6G2, the size of the modified GNPs was slightly increased, and no aggregation occurred (Figure 2c) [46]. Furthermore, the surface

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• BMP-7 by approximately 30% and 80%, respectively, at the end of day 21 [56]. The results showed that the spatiotemporal compartmentalization of growth factors in different delivery systems was responsible for the individual and sequential release and might prevent aggregation of the growth factors

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• effect glycine may have on the disk to rod transition. Lee et al. investigated the coagulation of TMV virions in alcohol–water–LiCl solutions [33]. They concluded that ethanol increases hydrophobic interactions between virions, and LiCl screens electrostatic repulsion, leading to significant aggregation

• mixture of disks and short stacked disks in TEM (Figure 2). DLS showed primarily disks, with a small population of larger particles, which is likely due to dust or aggregation. In addition to disks and stacked disks, long helical rods were observed at pH 5.5 without alcohol present. At pH 5.5, ethanol

• aggregation or a small population of rods. Instead, disks became the dominant structure, with short stacked disks forming over time. Even after 2 weeks at room temperature, the 3.5 mol % ethanol sample at pH 5.5 was indistinguishable from a pH 6.8 sample with no ethanol (Figure S2, Supporting Information File

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• ) Magnetic hysteresis curves of individual Fe3O4 nanoparticles as well as NPCs. The insert shows aggregation of NPCs dispersed in aqueous solution by a magnet. (d) DLS characterization of NPCs dispersed in cell culture medium. (e) DLS results of NPCs suspension after five heating/cooling cycles. Photothermal

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• reported by Rehman [8], who used the photodynamic properties of TiO2 for killing HeLa cancer cells. The hydrophobic nature of photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy led to selectivity and aggregation issues that jeopardize their effectiveness. Therefore, TiO2 nanoparticles (nps), which

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• been developed by Zeng et al. for the removal of organic dyes and heavy metal ions from water. The HNTs has been modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in order to overcome the aggregation of HNTs owing to their high length-to-diameter ratio, but it has also enhanced the separation ability