Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• thickness for a reasonable electrical conductivity. For both, our films made from electrochemically exfoliated graphene and literature-referenced films made from ultrasonic LPE graphene, the percolation limit is reached at an optical transmittance of ca. 83%. This number quantifies the maximum transmittance

• achievable with LB assembly of graphene films made from solution-dispersed material, for a reasonable electrical conductivity. Comparisons of our obtained percolative figure of merit and percolation exponent with those observed in literature reveal that the quality of the films obtained with our demonstrated

• made from a solution that has been centrifuged at 5 krpm (2289g) is strikingly different from the ones made with lower centrifugation speeds. The 5 krpm (2289g) film has an irregular structure, resembling a fractal coastline. It is also noted that the conductivity of this film is much lower than those

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• experimental data. Highly concurrent trends were achieved for the obtained results. According to the obtained results of MDS, adding CuO nanoparticles increased the thermal conductivity of water by 25% (from 0.6 to 0.75 W·m−1·K−1). However, by adding these nanoparticles to hydrocarbon-based fluids (i.e

• ., alkane) the thermal conductivity was increased three times (from 0.1 to 0.4 W·m−1·K−1). This approach to determine the thermal conductivity of metal oxide nanoparticles in aqueous and nonaqueous fluids using visual molecular dynamics and interactive autocorrelations demonstrate a great tool to quantify

• thermophysical properties of nanofluids using a simulation environment. Moreover, this comparison introduces data on aqueous and nonaqueous suspensions in one study. Keywords: alkanes; aqueous solutions; CuO; hydrocarbon solutions; molecular dynamics simulation; nanoparticles; thermal conductivity

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• slightly decrease the in-plane electrical conductivity, whereas mirror twin boundaries lead to photoluminescence quenching and increase the conductivity [17]. Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been successfully used to visualize the point defect-related Raman vibrational modes in monolayer WS2 and edge

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• , insert). The fit values for Rs and Rct1 reflect the catalytic behavior of CEs in DSSCs and are presented in Table 2. The Rs value for MoS2 CE-based DSSCs slightly increased with the thickness of the films and is comparable to that of Pt CE-based DSSCs. This is due to the high conductivity of the metallic

• -5.0 (500 nm). This is in good agreement with the trend of Rs and Rct1 values (see Table 2 and Table 3). The effect of film thickness on the electrical conductivity of the MoS2 films was also investigated by I–V measurements (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2 and Table S1). The electrical

• conductivity of the as-prepared MoS2 decreased in the order: MoS2-1.25 (75 mS·cm−1) > MoS2-2.5 (61 mS·cm−1) > MoS2-5.0 (46 mS·cm−1). This suggests that the thickness of the MoS2 film has a significant effect on the catalytic ability and photovoltaic performance of the CE in DSSCs. Additionally, the electron

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• , Germany 10.3762/bjnano.13.36 Abstract The proton conductivity of two coordination networks, [Mg(H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O and [Pb2(HL)]·H2O (H5L = (H2O3PCH2)2-NCH2-C6H4-SO3H), is investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy. Both materials contain the same phosphonato-sulfonate linker molecule, but have clearly

• different crystal structures, which has a strong effect on proton conductivity. In the Mg-based coordination network, dangling sulfonate groups are part of an extended hydrogen bonding network, facilitating a “proton hopping” with low activation energy; the material shows a moderate proton conductivity. In

• the Pb-based metal-organic framework, in contrast, no extended hydrogen bonding occurs, as the sulfonate groups coordinate to Pb2+, without forming hydrogen bonds; the proton conductivity is much lower in this material. Keywords: coordination network; coordination polymer; impedance spectroscopy

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• functionality of nanostructures to process external stimuli applied to the device controlling the electrical current [12]. The lower pull-in voltage and the improved durability of the NEM switches require electrode materials with high Young’s modulus, conductivity, and Poisson's ratio. The flexible suspension

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• carbon, silicon, boron, and halloysite clay sheets and possess unique physicochemical properties. Among nanotube structures, much attention has been paid to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) because of their excellent mechanical and tensile strength properties, thermal and electrical conductivity, and high surface

• cardiomyocyte-incorporated CNT–GelMA hydrogel for TE of the cardiovascular system [132]. To fabricate CNT–GelMA nanocomposites, they added MWCNTs into GelMA to improve the electrophysiological and mechanical properties. The electrical conductivity of CNTs allowed the researchers to form nanocomposite 3D

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• devices (e.g., touch screens, light emitting diodes, optoelectronics, and photovoltaic organic devices) [1][2][3][4][5]. AZO has good long-term stable electrical and optical parameters, including high electrical conductivity and high optical transmission in the visible range. For the purpose of

• conductivity [17]. It was also proven that electrically conductive and transparent AZO films could be deposited using the off-axis geometry [11][15][17]. With respect to the axis of magnetron, the substrates were placed at a distance greater than the radius of the target, that is, outside the erosion zone and

• high transparency in the visible wavelength range and, simultaneously, poor intrinsic conductivity. However, substitutional doping by Al replacing Zn provides an extra electron, which can populate the conduction band and lead to an increase in conductivity. This implication is in good agreement with

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• approximately 5 nm. To determine the type of electrical conductivity, thermoelectrical Seebeck effect measurements were conducted using a setup consisting of an INSTEC chamber equipped with four electrical probes and two hot chucks, an INSTEC MK1000 temperature controller, and an INSTEC LN2-P pump. The optical

• used. All electrical measurements were made at controlled room temperature (23 °C) and humidity (30% RH) in ambient air. Results Electrical properties The resistivity of the thin film was determined to be 1 × 103 Ω·cm. The type of electrical conductivity was determined on the basis of the sign of the

• conductivity of the prepared gradient thin film. The p-type of electrical conduction is often reported for Cu2O (or CuO)-based thin films, while TiO2 is an n-type oxide [46][47]. In the case of the prepared mixed (Ti–Cu)Ox thin film, the result obtained clearly testifies that holes are the major charge

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• alone [12]. In addition, ENHs have been utilized in energy applications as well. Zhang et al. developed a graphene oxide (GO)-based nanohybrid Nafion nanofiber as a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cells to overcome low proton conductivity, high fuel permeability, and poor stability of

• process parameters include the applied voltage, the distance from needle tip to collector, and the polymer flow rate. The solution parameters include solution concentration, molecular weight, solution viscosity, volatility of the solvents and solution conductivity. The ambient parameters are the

• solubility, solvent conductivity, vapor pressure or the volatility of the solvent, and the electrospinnability of the solvents are the foremost parameters to be considered. Lasprilla-Botero et al. reported that the same polymer yielded different fiber when different solvents were used. This was due to the

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• utilizing an excitation wavelength of 488 nm and a 505 nm long-pass emission filter. The zeta potential of HbMP in 0.9% NaCl (pH 7.4, conductivity 17.2 ± 0.9 mS/cm) was measured using the Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument. For the determination of the concentration of free hemoglobin in the HbMP suspension

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• potential because they exhibit a wide range of useful properties, including high conductivity, cost-effectiveness, high flexibility and processability, and ease of fabrication. These recent advances are highlighted and discussed in terms of preparation method and photocatalytic mechanism in this review

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• large crystals, requiring more epoxy, this is more difficult and the remaining epoxy layer is usually thicker. For this reason we assume the epoxy thickness de = 1 μm for whisker and de = 5 μm for crystal-based devices. The monocrystalline sapphire substrate has a very good thermal conductivity, κ, at

• chosen to be similar (but not identical) to studied samples in order to optimize the mesh size and the calculation time. Therefore, such simulations serve for a qualitative illustration of the difference between crystal- and whisker-based devices and the role of the electrodes. The conductivity of

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• microscopy; oxygen permeation; Introduction Acceptor-doped cerium dioxide, where cerium is partially substituted by cations of lower valence (most prominently Gd3+), is a fluorite material with a very high oxide ion conductivity at comparably moderate temperatures (around 600 °C). It has already been in

• focus of research for roughly 50 years [1]. The ion conductivity is combined with a moderate electron conductivity, which strongly depends on the oxygen partial pressure [2][3][4]. These features make ceria an interesting material for high-temperature industrial applications, for example, as oxygen

• partial oxidation reactions. Apart from Gd-doped ceria, Sm-doped ceria also could be an interesting alternative in this kind of composite due to its high ionic conductivity [17]. Obstacles that generally still need to be addressed for the application of dual-phase ceria-based membranes in such an

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• transfer single NWs onto contact lithographic pads (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9) to measure their conductivity. The NWs, however, turned out to be fragile and were destroyed when an attempt was made to cut them from the tungsten tip using a focused ion beam (FIB). Therefore, a method to

• directly contact an as-grown single NW was developed. This method allowed us to measure the conductivity between the molybdenum substrate and the point of contact of the tungsten tip with the NW. To limit the contact resistance between the tungsten tip and the NW, the tip was soldered to the NW with a

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• conductivity of σ = 8.9 × 10−3 S·cm−1. The temperature dependence of the prepared polymer gel electrolytes follows the thermally activated behavior of the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher equation. The total ionic transference number was ≈0.91 with a wider electrochemical potential window of 4.0 V for the prepared

• in the polymer which assists in the rapid ion motion while keeping its mechanical stability. The second aim is to increase the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes, which is generally insufficient for practical applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Hence, different kinds of

• techniques, such as the addition of ionic liquids (ILs) with low viscosity and high dielectric constant values or some suitable fillers have been used by the research community to increase the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes [6][7]. As mentioned above, one way to increase the ionic conductivity is

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• and dendritic BiVO4, the increased surface area of dendritic structures, as well as conductivity and acceleration of electrons between gas molecules and hybrid material. Figure 20e shows responses of pure BiVO4 and BiVO4/rGO hybrids towards 10 ppm TEA with different rGO mass ratios at different

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• -rolling at 120 °C directly onto the mat without an additional current collector. Physical characterisation SEM images were recorded using a Quanta FEG 650 (FEI Europe) with an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. The samples were attached to the sample holder using double-sided graphite tape. Conductivity was

• . The signal was detected using a heat conductivity detector. ICP-OES for cobalt mass analysis was performed by blending 30 to 50 mg of a sample with 250 mg of a mixture of lithium borates. The blend was heated to 1000 °C within 3 h and kept at this temperature for 30 min. The resulting melt was

• regard the entirety of the insights found in a holistic approach. The behaviour of the reference fibres without cobalt is governed by two competing properties, nitrogen-content and electrical conductivity. As discussed in detail in a previous study, a higher nitrogen content and a higher conductivity

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• atomistic level although it governs many physical properties such as electrical and thermal conductivity, and magnetic properties [27][28]. Atomistic simulations provide insights into the internal structure of the deposits and its evolution depending on the regimes of the FEBID process. In this study

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• is exceptionally promising for the next generation of photovoltaic and thermoelectric devices at room and high temperatures. Keywords: density functional theory (DFT); electronic properties; lattice thermal conductivity; optical properties; thermodynamic properties; thermoelectric properties; tin

• conductivity, thermal conductivity, electronic thermal conductivity, lattice thermal conductivity, and absolute temperature, respectively [5]. The bottleneck that limits the extensive use of TE materials is their relatively low value of ZT. The close interdependency of the three entities S, σ, and κtot offer

• the power factor (PF = S2σ) which is connected with the electrical transport [8][9] and the lowest value of κtot [10]. To date, a considerable amount of research has been performed to enhance the ZT value. For instance, by lowering the value of the lattice thermal conductivity (through all-scale

Assessment of the optical and electrical properties of light-emitting diodes containing carbon-based nanostructures and plasmonic nanoparticles: a review

• Keshav Nagpal,
• Erwan Rauwel,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Protima Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1078–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.80

• manifests as an increment in the photoluminescence (PL), conductivity, and electroluminescence (EL) of the LED [24][25]. Other MNP with SPR properties include Al, Pt, Pd, and Cu [26][27][28][29]. In general, SPR not only increases the radiative recombination lifetime values, but also the quantum yield

• review is available in Table 1. Enhancing the anode characteristics For LED, the general strategy is to use a current-spreading layer (anode) with a high electrical conductivity and a high transparency ranging from the UV to the red region. Additionally, it should also be cost-effective and producible on

• (Figure 7) present the best results in terms of luminance and EL emission. In addition, the electron conductivity of the device is increased by four orders of magnitude. Concerning graphene–polymer nanocomposites, Choudhary et al. have inserted MoS2 and graphene oxide NP into a polyaniline ETL [72]. The

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• design a cathode material that improves the conductivity of the system [4][11]. Common approaches are based on the incorporation of conductive carbon nanomaterials [23]. The volume expansion of sulfur during the discharge process is caused by the formation of the discharge product Na2S. This expansion is

• the drawbacks of sulfur-based cathodes. The strategies to solve the polysulfide shuttle effect, conductivity drop, and structural damage caused by sulfur volume expansion are discussed. Moreover, concepts for Na metal-free anodes in Na–S batteries are reviewed and analyzed. Other strategies including

• this technology has currently developed and where future research could be directed at. Review Conventional sulfur–carbon cathode materials Sulfur–carbon composites are the most widely studied cathode materials because carbon increases the cathode conductivity and also improves the reactivity of sulfur

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• frequency and then decreased towards 1000 kHz. The decreasing of Rs with increasing frequency can be attributed to an increase of the conductivity of the photodiode. The Nss values for the Au/CuNiCoS4/p-Si photodiode are acceptable for optoelectronic devices [44]. The plots of resistance as function of the

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• surface coating with nanoparticles through electrodeposition. A general electrodeposition setup consists of three electrodes, that is cathode, anode, and a reference electrode [78]. The solvation property and the conductivity of DESs also play a critical role in determining the physical structure, yield

• of carrageenan and surfactants. The dissolution of several compounds would significantly contribute to a species-rich system with higher conductivity. This unique hybrid model will create a platform for synthesizing n different nanomaterials with combinatorial possibilities of 2n since there are n