Sodium doping in brookite TiO₂ enhances its photocatalytic activity

• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Honglei Zhang and
• Zeqian Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 599–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.52

• activity. Results and Discussion Enhanced photocatalytic activity The photocatalytic activity of the samples calcinated at 300–600 °C for 2 h was measured by the photodegradation of MB under UV light at room temperature. Figure 1a and Figure 1b display the dynamic changes in the absorption spectra of MB

A new method for obtaining the magnetic shape anisotropy directly from electron tomography images

• Cristian Radu,
• Ioana D. Vlaicu and
• Andrei C. Kuncser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 590–598, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.51

• , X-ray diffraction, magnetometry [4], transmission/scanning electron imaging [5][6], small-angle scattering techniques [7], dynamic light scattering, laser diffraction [8][9], resonant mass measurement, and spatial filter velocimetry. Each of these has certain features (i.e., ease of access, ease of

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• confirmed by dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements. The loading capacity of PHEG-Tyr and Nα-Lys-NG nanogels and their release profiles were first optimized with bovine serum albumin. The nanogels were then used for loading and release of AAT. PHEG-Tyr and Nα-Lys-NG nanogels showed

Influence of thickness and morphology of MoS₂ on the performance of counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells

• Lam Thuy Thi Mai,
• Hai Viet Le,
• Ngan Kim Thi Nguyen,
• Van La Tran Pham,
• Thu Anh Thi Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thanh Le Huynh and
• Hoang Thai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 528–537, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.44

• including 1.25:7.5 (solution 1.25), 2.5:15 (solution 2.5), and 5:30 (solution 5.0). The CV measurement was performed under a dynamic potential between −1.0 V and 1.0 V for ten cycles at a scan rate of 100 mV·s−1 in a nitrogen atmosphere. Fabrication of DSSCs DSSCs with an active area of 0.25 cm2 were

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• absorb the visible-emission energy, transferring the electrons to a higher energy state. Second, because the work function of ZnO is 5.2 eV and the work function of Au is 5.1 eV, ZnO can receive energy from Au until these two systems achieve a dynamic equilibrium. Thus, the electrons are transferred into

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• . Brighter islands of 5–10 nm in size were still visible, separated by darker structures with a branched form, which can be considered remainders of the ordered layer. Many voids can be observed here. Unlike the dynamic free volume pores of polymers, these voids remain stable after multiple STM scans. By

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• relevant for a number of niche tasks where performance and energy efficiency are critically important. In this paper, we consider the basic elements for superconducting neural networks on radial basis functions. We examine the static and dynamic activation functions of the proposed neuron. Special

• tracking performance in control systems for a class of nonlinear and non-Gaussian stochastic dynamic processes [6]. An important example for this work is the cognitive radio, which is able to receive information about the features of the “radio environment” and adjust its operating parameters based on this

• ][25] as well as read-out circuits for quantum computing [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. They realize a unique combination of a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity when receiving signals, with high performance and energy efficiency at the stage of the processing. It seems reasonable to implement

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• room temperature. The response of the sensing layers was calculated by the relative resistance change: where R0 is the resistance at room temperature in synthetic air and Rg is the resistance of the sensor in the presence of the specific gas. The dynamic responses of sensing layers for gases are

Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation

• Chuchu Li,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Hamed Rajabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33

• elastic modulus continuously as a function of the indentation depth (Figure 1d). The method involves applying a dynamic load on the top of the static load while loading. The dynamic unloading part is then used to measure the stiffness, which is further processed to calculate the elastic modulus of the

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• and growth, thus shortening the expansion process [30][31][32]. In this regard, Sulaiman et al. explored the 3D culture of MSCs on gelatin microspheres (GMs) in a dynamic culture system for the fast generation of a higher amount of MSCs and the improvement of their chondrogenic differentiation [31

• ]. The results showed that MSCs cultured on GMs in a dynamic culture displayed a faster proliferation rate and higher stemness properties compared with those in two dimensional (2D) and 3D static culture systems [31]. Moreover, culturing MSCs on GMs in a dynamic system with the chondrogenic induction

• medium (CIM) enhanced their in vitro chondrogenesis compared to a static culture system [31]. Therefore, the combination of the 3D culture system (GM), CIM, and dynamic culture would be an ideal design for MSC based therapies for articular cartilage defects. 3.1.2 Nanomaterial-assisted cartilage TE

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The TMV-cp samples in this work are polydisperse and non-spherical, which complicates the interpretation of DLS data. Because DLS is a light scattering technique, the signal intensity is proportional to the sixth power of the radius [39]. This means that the

A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions

• Egor I. Glushkov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin and
• Leonid S. Revin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27

• dynamic range by a factor of 5. For typical YBaCuO Josephson junctions fabricated on a ZrYO bicrystal substrate by magnetron deposition, the following parameters were obtained at a temperature of 77 K: responsivity = 9 kV/W; NEP = 3·10−13 W/Hz(1/2); power dynamic range = 1·106. Keywords: array

• the electromagnetic analysis and numerical simulation of the broadband detector based on a series of HTSC bicrystal Josephson junctions to maximize response, power dynamic range, and noise-equivalent power. Electromagnetic Simulation Figure 1a–c shows options for the geometry of a log-periodic antenna

• despite the fact that the responsivity decreases with increasing power, the NEP remains almost unchanged over a wide range of PMW. Another important characteristic is the power dynamic range D = PS/P0. Here PS is the upper limit for which the detector response deviates from linearity. The 3 dB criterion

Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals

• Xiaoyan Ma,
• Haoning Gong,
• Kenji Ogino,
• Xuehai Yan and
• Ruirui Xing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23

• dynamic light scattering were used to record absorption spectra and size change. Cytotoxicity experiment in vitro The cytotoxicity of the as-prepared MZG nanoparticles was assessed against 3T3 cells. 3T3 cells were cultivated with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine

• shows spherical MZG nanoparticles. Size and zeta potential value of the MZG nanoparticles were 44.6 ± 26.5 nm and −23.1 ± 3.4 mV, respectively, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) (Figure 2b) and consistent with the TEM results. Importantly, the co-assembly mechanism was further revealed through

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• thorough shape analysis into the assessment of emerging platforms from the very onset of their expansion into the general nano-bio research. The solution-based corollary to dry-state imaging that can provide the above parameters is dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS uses the deconvolution of a correlation

• process. Dynamic light scattering DLS measurements were performed on particles in their hydrated state using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical). The solution in which the particles were suspended was DPBS. DLS was employed to measure the particle size distribution after particle collection and

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• 59.4 emu/g (Figure 1c) and stronger absorption intensities at the NIR wavelength of 808 nm than individual nanoparticles [17]. In addition, the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of NPCs suspended in aqueous culture medium reflected good dispersion (Figure 1d). The colloidal stability of our

• morphology of the as-synthesized nanoparticle clusters was characterized with a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The synthesized Fe3O4 NPCs were diluted in RPMI 1640 medium to a final concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. The particle size distribution was

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• conversion efficiency and by an accumulation of photosensitizers in tumor sites. ROS-related cancer therapeutics such as photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and chemical dynamic therapy showed great potential to significantly enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer therapeutics [14]. Neoplastic

• , hydrophilicity, and functional groups that can affect the PC formation. Interestingly, a dynamic aspect that impacts the PC formation is referred to as the “Vroman effect”, a phenomenon where the proteins that are initially associated with nanomaterials get exchanged by a new set of proteins that possess higher

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• as well. Under high dynamic strain more output voltage is generated than under low dynamic strain. The maximum current density shown by the device is 172.5 nA/cm2. The developed piezoelectric nanofiber sensor was then integrated into a knitted fabric through stitching to be used for angle measurement

• to develop sensors that were a wearable type of a goniometer. These sensors were then tested under static and dynamic conditions. For another application, researchers designed and developed a purely textile-based capacitive pressure sensor to be integrated and embedded into the garments to monitor

• development. Subsequently, conductive tape was attached to both sides of the film in a way that it covered the maximum area of the sheet (Figure 1). The developed piezoelectric sensor was tested in knee angle measurements using a digital oscilloscope. The sensor was exposed to low and high dynamic strains

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.13.12 Abstract Thermal oxidation of Si(113) in a monolayer regime was investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Dynamic processes during thermal oxidation were examined in three

• understand thermal oxidation on silicon surfaces as well as metal-induced oxidation and silicidation [2]. Nevertheless, dynamic processes in oxidation have been studied scarcely so far, especially for high-index silicon surfaces. The study of the oxides grown on high-index silicon surfaces is of great

• experimental challenge toward elucidating the dynamic processes in oxidation. For example, the formation processes of iron oxide nanoparticles have been studied in detail using state-of-the-art X-ray scattering methods [4]. As a complementary method, variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (VT-STM

A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors

• Evgenii S. Bolshakov,
• Aleksander V. Ivanov,
• Andrei A. Kozlov,
• Anton S. Aksenov,
• Elena V. Isanbaeva,
• Sergei E. Kushnir,
• Aleksei D. Yapryntsev,
• Aleksander E. Baranchikov and
• Yury A. Zolotov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9

• . Black lines show the linear correspondence of the experimental data. (a) Photo of the sensor and (b) electron microscopy image of a CCA of polystyrene particles without a PDMS layer on a glass substrate (effective particle size = 201 nm). The data obtained with dynamic light scattering slightly

• overestimates the diameter in comparison with the data obtained from microphotographs. This may be related to the specificity of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method (hydrodynamic diameter measurement). A mechanism of detecting hydrocarbons with a sensor based on a 3D PhC: (a, b) swelling of colloidal

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• CCD method produces nearly uniform, peanut-shaped particles. The size distribution determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was 759 ± 25 nm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed this size range (Figure 1C). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of particles produced with

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• particles used for pGFP transfection. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 72: Supporting Information contains dynamic light scattering (DLS), photoluminescence spectra, and zeta potential analysis of SPION@bPEI, SPION@bPEI/pDNA, SPION@bPEI-Erb, SPION @bPEI-Erb/pDNA, and SPION@bPEI-Erb/pDNA

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• electrophoresis. All samples moved towards the positive potential due to the negatively charged PMA coating (Figure 2d). The colloidal stability (i.e., hydrodynamic size, surface charge, and polydispersity index, PDI) of NPs was assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). All NPs (PMA-coated, and drug-attached

Cantilever signature of tip detachment during contact resonance AFM

• Devin Kalafut,
• Ryan Wagner,
• Maria Jose Cadena,
• Anil Bajaj and
• Arvind Raman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1286–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.96

• distinct features appear with high drive amplitudes as the fundamental assumption of permanent contact is lost [24][25][26][27]. Though nonlinear phenomena in CR-AFM have been connected to the mechanism of detachment in these prior works, less is understood about the dynamic response of the cantilever

• experimental measurements in Figure 1a reveal interesting features in the dynamic behavior of the cantilever as it is driven by increasing the harmonic excitation amplitude. At the lowest drive amplitude, the response amplitude frequency sweep displays linear behavior, that is, a symmetric resonance peak over

• , the equilibrium indentation Δ* is defined as: where w*(L1) is the equilibrium deflection of the cantilever at the location of the probe tip L1, shown in Figure 5b, and Z is the undeflected tip position (upward) relative to the undeformed sample surface. While vibrating, the dynamic indentation Δdyn is

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• applied in the study of dynamic properties of liquids including diffusion and slip flow behavior, and in the prediction of the slip length at the nanoscale [35][36][37]. Owing to the rapid development of technology, experimental studies of flow boundary conditions have been successfully extended to