Probing the electronic transport on the reconstructed Au/Ge(001) surface

• Franciszek Krok,
• Mark R. Kaspers,
• Alexander M. Bernhart,
• Marek Nikiel,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Paulina Indyka,
• Mateusz Wojtaszek,
• Rolf Möller and
• Christian A. Bobisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1463–1471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.159

• (001) surface exhibits a two dimensional conductance channel on a micrometre-scale averaging across several Au-reconstructed 1D domains [10]. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and various STM-based methods are excellent tools to study the topographic structure, the electronic structure, and electron

• transport phenomena of conducting surfaces at the limit of lateral resolution. By performing scanning tunnelling potentiometry (STP) [11] we tried to study the lateral variation of the electrochemical potential µec (called potential in the following) at the boundary between two rotated Au wire-like domains

Sublattice asymmetry of impurity doping in graphene: A review

• James A. Lawlor and
• Mauro S. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1210–1217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.133

• sublattices, the band gap, although smaller, was shown to still exist. This is promising for scaleability where perfect asymmetric doping may not always be realizable. Beyond the realization of quasi-ballistic electron transport, sublattice segregated systems can also be used to induce magnetism [19][48][49

• ][50] and produce spin-polarized current [51][52]. Much work has been done studying how the placement of dopants affects the properties of nanoribbons. DFT approaches, using a periodic system of dopants [53][54], and a more general Kubo–Greenwood approach [37] have shown that electron transport is

Gas sensing with gold-decorated vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Prasantha R. Mudimela,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Oriol González-León,
• Nicolas Reckinger,
• Rony Snyders,
• Eduard Llobet,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.104

• , it was shown that the sensitivity of the CNT gas sensor depends on nanocluster size and sensor working temperature [13][14][15][16][17]. Indeed, the nanoscale size of the metal cluster is necessary to maximize the effect of the gas adsorption and so to affect the electron transport in the CNTs by

Optical modeling-assisted characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells using TiO₂ nanotube arrays as photoanodes

• Jung-Ho Yun,
• Il Ku Kim,
• Yun Hau Ng,
• Lianzhou Wang and
• Rose Amal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.102

• efficiency by promoting light scattering [3][4][5]. In addition, the electron transport or recombination rate could be influenced by physical properties such as porosity, morphology, crystallinity, and uniformity of the TiO2 structure [6][7][8][9]. TiO2 photoelectrode candidate materials with different

• TiO2 nanoparticles, vertically well-ordered TNT-based DSSCs presented an enhanced electron transport by efficiently reducing the recombination possibility of photogenerated charge carriers through minimizing the trapping sites that normally exist in the grain boundaries of randomly oriented TiO2

• performances and electron transport properties of the fabricated DSSCs with different thickness of the TNT photoanodes are investigated. The simplified standard structures under the experimental condition are simulated by using a generalized transfer matrix method (GTMM) [15][16]. The comparison of the

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• ) sheet of sp2-hybrized carbon, has received tremendous research interests based on its extraordinary electronic, thermal, optical and excellent electron transport properties [21][22]. Graphene can be easily obtained by reducing graphene oxide (GO), which is a cheap and scalable preparation method [23][24

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• particulate structure and found a more efficient means of separating electron–hole pairs on the tubular TiO2 architectures, leading to an improved performance of the CdS photosensitized tubular TiO2 architectures [32]. Figure 3 outlines the electron transport in these two different architectures. Kim et al

Analytical development and optimization of a graphene–solution interface capacitance model

• Hediyeh Karimi,
• Rasoul Rahmani,
• Reza Mashayekhi,
• Leyla Ranjbari,
• Amir H. Shirdel,
• Niloofar Haghighian,
• Parisa Movahedi,
• Moein Hadiyan and
• Razali Ismail

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 603–609, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.71

• these days. Geim, in 2004, demonstrated that the six-membered rings are the basis of all carbon materials in electrochemical biosensor research [7]. The remarkable electrical properties of graphene such as fast electron transport, tunable energy bandgap, high thermal conductivity, and ballistic

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• the excitation of ErB and TiO2, which plays an important role in the photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The observed synergic effect could be attributed to the electron transport in TiO2 particles. Since the dye-sensitization induces an electron transfer from the excited ErB to TiO2, these electrons

Simulation of electron transport during electron-beam-induced deposition of nanostructures

• Francesc Salvat-Pujol,
• Harald O. Jeschke and
• Roser Valentí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 781–792, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.89

• -induced growth of tungsten nanostructures on SiO2 substrates by using a Monte Carlo simulation of the electron transport. This study gives a quantitative insight into the deposition of energy and charge in the substrate and in the already existing metallic nanostructures in the presence of the electron

• during post-growth electron-beam treatments. Keywords: electron backscattering; electron transport; (F)EBID; Monte Carlo simulation; PENELOPE; Introduction Electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) [1][2][3] is a suitable method for the template-free fabrication of nanostructures. Molecules of a

• already for energies below a few hundred eV. The same absorption energy is used for the secondary electrons that are generated in the shower. Finally, to obtain our simulation results, we have sampled 108 trajectories. Results To provide a first visual insight into the electron transport process in the

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• fluorides, a well conducting nanoscale matrix is required to ensure the electron transport to the active material. Micrometer-sized metal fluoride particles are too big to accommodate the transfer of electric charge, and their capacity fades rapidly with cycling. Hence, a nanoscale dispersion of the

Optimization of solution-processed oligothiophene:fullerene based organic solar cells by using solvent additives

• Gisela L. Schulz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Roland Fitzner,
• Eduard Brier,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Egon Reinold and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 680–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.77

• the higher content of PCBM on the surface could lead to improved electron transport and collection in the photovoltaic device. The observed changes in morphology between Figure 6a and 6b can be rationalized through the different solubility of DCV5T-Bu4 in CN versus CB (6 vs 3 mg/mL). Since CN has a

AFM as an analysis tool for high-capacity sulfur cathodes for Li–S batteries

• Renate Hiesgen,
• Seniz Sörgel,
• Rémi Costa,
• Linus Carlé,
• Ines Galm,
• Natalia Cañas,
• Brigitta Pascucci and
• K. Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 611–624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.68

• materials and the current collector and should form a good network between the active material and the conductive carbon. In this way, the electron transport as well as the diffusion of the lithium ions is facilitated [33]. X-Ray diffraction Lithium containing components like the cathodes after cycling in a

Structural and thermoelectric properties of TMGa₃ (TM = Fe, Co) thin films

• Sebastian Schnurr,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Valeriy Y. Verchenko and
• Andrei V. Shevelkov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 461–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.54

• ) within the observed temperature range of bulk and film samples coincide, indicating a predominant electron transport and 2) according to [20], substituting Fe by a concentration of 5 atom % Co in crystalline bulk samples leads to a transition into a metallic state. Similarly, while 1 atom % Co was found

Photoresponse from single upright-standing ZnO nanorods explored by photoconductive AFM

• Igor Beinik,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Astrid Wachauer,
• Lin Wang,
• Yuri P. Piryatinski,
• Gerhard Brauer,
• Xin Yi Chen,
• Yuk Fan Hsu,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Christian Teichert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 208–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.21

• region near the surface. The presence of adsorbed oxygen introduces a trap surface state within the band gap. The probability of population of this state drops with an increasing amount of oxygen adsorbed on the surface. As a result, the process of electron transport from the bulk to the surface is also

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

Electronic and transport properties of kinked graphene

• Jesper Toft Rasmussen,
• Tue Gunst,
• Peter Bøggild,
• Antti-Pekka Jauho and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.12

• efficient barriers for electron transport. In particular, two parallel kink lines form a graphene pseudo-nanoribbon structure with a semimetallic/semiconducting electronic structure closely related to the corresponding isolated ribbons; the ribbon band gap translates into a transport gap for electronic

Dimer/tetramer motifs determine amphiphilic hydrazine fibril structures on graphite

• Loji K. Thomas,
• Nadine Diek,
• Uwe Beginn and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.75

• ; interface; self-assembly; STM; Introduction One-dimensional micro- and nanostructures of organic compounds are important for solution-processable organic electronic devices [1][2][3], and electron transport through organic molecules is also the basis for a large number of biological processes [4

Focused electron beam induced deposition: A perspective

• Michael Huth,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Schwalb,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Roland Sachser,
• Maja Dukic,
• Jonathan Adams and
• Georg Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 597–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.70

• of the surface-leaving electrons is very important for FEBID, in particular since the dissociation cross sections tend to be larger at low energies, Monte Carlo simulations, describing in detail the electron transport in the substrate and deposit, provide important insights [8][9]. For the purpose of

Strong spin-filtering and spin-valve effects in a molecular V–C₆₀–V contact

• Mohammad Koleini and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 589–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.69

• the conductance is close to 2G0, it can be inferred from this that the transport is carried by two almost perfectly transmitting channels in the FM contact configuration. Conclusion We have performed first-principles spin-polarized density functional calculations and investigated the electron

• transport properties of a C60-molecular junction in a setup relevant for STM experiments. Our results demonstrate how the FM and AFM configurations can be identified due to their markedly different conductance and shot noise. Thus, it may allow for the study of the magnetic coupling between tip and

A facile approach to nanoarchitectured three-dimensional graphene-based Li–Mn–O composite as high-power cathodes for Li-ion batteries

• Wenyu Zhang,
• Yi Zeng,
• Chen Xu,
• Ni Xiao,
• Yiben Gao,
• Lain-Jong Li,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Huey Hoon Hng and
• Qingyu Yan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 513–523, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.59

• the practical capacity of the material. On the other hand, promising progress in the modification of micro/nanostructures of LMO has been made [10][11][12][13]. Ordered mesoporous LMO, created by using silica templates, favors rapid kinetics for both lithium ions and electron transport, which show

Reduced electron recombination of dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO₂ spheres consisting of ultrathin nanosheets with [001] facet exposed

• Hongxia Wang,
• Meinan Liu,
• Cheng Yan and
• John Bell

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 378–387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.44

• consisting of ultrathin nanosheets with 100% of the [001] facet exposed was employed to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Investigation of the electron transport and back reaction of the DSCs by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the spheres had a threefold lower electron

• band of the TiO2 spheres and on the kinetics of electron transport and back reactions was also investigated. It was found that the TiCl4 post-treatment caused a downward shift of the TiO2 conduction band edge by 30 meV. Meanwhile, a fourfold increase of the effective electron lifetime of the DSC was

• transfer and back reaction has not been reported. A deep understanding of the role of the TiO2 [001] facet in these key processes of electron transport and recombination of DSCs is of great importance for both practical applications and basic research. In this work, anatase TiO2 spheres with a hierarchical

Simultaneous current, force and dissipation measurements on the Si(111) 7×7 surface with an optimized qPlus AFM/STM technique

• Zsolt Majzik,
• Martin Setvín,
• Andreas Bettac,
• Albrecht Feltz,
• Vladimír Cháb and
• Pavel Jelínek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 249–259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.28

• sample opens a new horizon in the understanding of elemental processes of the electron transport on surfaces [30] and in clarifying the relationship between the short-range force and the tunneling current in metal contacts [31][32]. Unfortunately, in the case of quartz-based sensors with self-sensing

• . reported a so called “phantom force” phenomenon [30], in which an additional force arises due to a limited electron transport of injected charge in samples with low conductance. However, not much is known currently about its impact on the dissipation signal. In this section we analyze the effect of the

When “small” terms matter: Coupled interference features in the transport properties of cross-conjugated molecules

• Gemma C. Solomon,
• Justin P. Bergfield,
• Charles A. Stafford and
• Mark A. Ratner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 862–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.95

• supernode [16], these results suggest that devices constructed from multiple cyclic units may be preferable. Conclusion The sensitivity of destructive interference features to perturbations can be seen as both a strength and a weakness of these effects for the control of electron transport in molecules. On

Current-induced dynamics in carbon atomic contacts

• Jing-Tao Lü,
• Tue Gunst,
• Per Hedegård and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 814–823, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.90

• ][20], their stability [21], and electron-transport properties [22][23][24]. Here we explore the current-induced forces and nanoscale Joule heating of the carbon chain system between electrically gated graphene electrodes. The paper is organized as follows. After a brief outline of the semiclassical

• steady-state electron transport without electron–phonon interaction [33], where AL/R are the density of state matrices for electronic states originating in the left/right electrodes, each with chemical potential μL/R [33], which differ for finite bias voltage, V, as μL − μR = eV, and nF(ω) = 1/(eω/kBT

Effect of the environment on the electrical conductance of the single benzene-1,4-diamine molecule junction

• Shigeto Nakashima,
• Yuuta Takahashi and
• Manabu Kiguchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 755–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.83

• coverage of the BDA molecule at metal electrodes and atomic and molecular motion of the single-molecule junction. Keywords: benzene-1,4-diamine; electric conductance; single-molecule junction; solvent; Introduction The electron transport properties through a single molecule bridging metal electrodes

• electrodes themselves. Wu et al. demonstrated that the aromatic π–π coupling between adjacent molecules affected the formation of the molecule junction and electron transport through the molecule junction [6]. Venkataraman’s group and our group independently evaluated the electron-transport properties of π

• -stacked systems [7][8]. We showed that the conductance of the π-stacked system decreased with the number of π molecules, and the decrease in conductance per unit of electron-transport distance was comparable to that of the conventional single-molecule junction. Dahlke et al. investigated the effect of the