Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• Horizonte – MG, 31270-901, Brazil Campus Ouro Preto, Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais, R. Pandiá Calógeras, 898, Ouro Preto – MG, 35400-000, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.14.8 Abstract Industrial applications of nanomaterials require large-scale production methods, such as liquid phase exfoliation (LPE

• applications that have specific requirements. Keywords: 2D materials; atomic force microscopy; liquid phase exfoliation; nanomaterials; talc; Introduction Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted a lot of interest due to their outstanding properties [1]. However, large-scale production is still a

• challenge that needs to be addressed to integrate 2D materials into industrial applications. One approach to producing large quantities of few-layer flakes of a broad range of exfoliatable materials is liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) [2][3][4][5]. This method relies on mechanical energy to exfoliate

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• by liquid bridging [23], and into a series of structures under an AC electric field [24]. The linear self-assembly of patchy gold nanorods tethered with hydrophobic polymer chains at both ends can be triggered by solvophobic attractions induced by a change in solvent quality [25]. By using post

• . Characterization methods Transmission electron microscopy experiments were performed using a Hitachi H600 microscope operating at an acceleration voltage of 75 kV. The samples were prepared by depositing one drop of the colloidal dispersion on conventional carbon-coated copper grids. The liquid evaporated in the

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• ). By applying the Fe(III) acetylacetonate/OA molar ratio of 1:3.29, partially stable dispersions of nanoparticles (samples MT-I and MT-VI) were obtained. When a significant excess of UA stabilizing agent was used (sample TMU-III, molar ratio above 1:5.5), a brown liquid without particles or magnetic

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• Fernanda R. Leivas Marcia C. Barbosa Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, CP 15051, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.14.1 Abstract In this work, we propose a method to harvest liquid water from water vapor using carbon nanocones. The condensation

• water. The cactus for example has spikes where droplets move from the tip to the base, or from the higher to the lower Laplace area. One mechanism developed by nature to capture liquid water from water vapor is present in the Namibian desert beetle, which collects water from morning steam in the desert

• [17]. This beetle has hydrophilic spots on its back, which transform vapor into liquid water. For the collection to be efficient, below the hydrophilic spots, its wings are hydrophobic, and the captured water moves from hydrophilic to hydrophobic parts driven by gravity. The efficiency of this process

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• up to 1h). The organic compound concentrations were evaluated by using HPLC. Analysis Changes in phenol concentration were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography system (Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with a UV detector (SPD-10AV) and a C18 column (Knauer 250 × 4.6 mm, Eurospher II 100-5

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• > 0 where U0 and U are the voltages on the crystal in absence and in presence of the radiation, respectively. All measurements were performed in a liquid helium dewar at a temperatures T 4.2 K both for the samples and the detector. The calibrated responsivity of the detector at this temperature was

• top array-b is biased with a fixed current. To obtain the most prominent effect, we slightly increased the temperature of the stack to T = 4.4 K by placing it above the surface of liquid helium. Figure 5b shows the IVC of the individually biased top array-b together with the simultaneously measured

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• is described that started with a posed technical problem for which seemingly obvious biological models exist. The technical problem was to devise a ferrophobic surface that prevents the contact between the copper surface of a tuyère (a water cooled aeration pipe within a blast furnace) and liquid

• able to create stable air bodies, which support the refilling of embolised conduits. By adopting the shape of these micropores, a successful prototype for a ferrophobic copper surface repelling liquid iron could be devised. This case study illustrates that straight road maps from technical problems to

• furnace; Collembola; gas/liquid interfaces; interfacial effects; persistant air layers; pits; Salvinia molesta; surfaces; tuyère failure; water transport in plants; xylem; Young–Laplace equation; Introduction and Motivation The basic concept of biomimetics is the derivation of technical applications from

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• , Switzerland) pointprobe. Electrospinning Electrospinning was performed using a custom-made setup (Figure 11). The liquid PA-6 solution consisting of 6 g PA-6 polymer, 15 g formic acid, and 29 g acetic acid was mixed at 80 °C for about 90 min. The dope solution was delivered to the blunt needle tip (Sterican

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• understanding interactions in various domains to study adhesion phenomena, particle-surface interactions, mechanical properties, suspensions, liquid dynamics, and boundary slips. Colloidal gold probe Colloidal gold particles [48][49] have the advantage of stable adsorption of proteins without significant

• to the reaction system. Therefore, the method is suitable for the field detection of antibiotics in liquid foods. More importantly, the proposed homogeneity method has been successfully applied to actual milk samples. This novel homogeneity method with high sensitivity and selectivity is a powerful

• surface of nano-, micron, and micro- and nanocomposite structures. In this study, ten μm diameter silica spheres were selected as the particles for the colloidal probe and dispersed into an aqueous solution and sonicated for five minutes. A small amount of the dispersed liquid was removed and added

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• resonance [10], Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) [11], UV–vis absorption spectrometry [12], mass spectrometry (MS) [13], titration microcalorimetry [14], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [15], gas chromatography (GC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) [16], and electrochemical chiral

• sensing systems for enantiomers, which still remains challenging. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a well-known mass-sensor technique capable of recording changes in nanogram or even picogram levels in both gas and liquid phases [20][21]. The sensing of mass changes is based on the oscillation

• induced by external stimulus. As there are almost no limitations for the receptor layers in QCM sensor systems, various materials and nanostructures have been developed for constructing sensing layers on the surface of the electrode. The sensing process may also be implemented in the liquid and gas phases

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• from the perspective of different material classifications and to provide guidance for future work in the field of MEGs. The effects of various parameters and structural designs on the output power, recent important literature and works, the mechanism of liquid–solid interactions at the nanoscale, and

• occurs when a liquid is in contact with a solid with a surface charge. This interaction is mainly dominated by the electric double layer (EDL), which consists of a layer of ions (Stern layer) that is tightly adsorbed to the charged surface and a layer of counter ions (diffusion layer) that is attracted

• to the surface charges. When the liquid moves in the microchannel, it will drag the diffusion layer ions to form a flowing current, thus creating a potential difference, namely the flowing potential between the two ends of the channel. In nanochannels, approximating the channel geometry to be

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• a constant controlled rate according to zero-order kinetics [79][80][81]. Drug-loaded soft contact lenses can be classified as non-dissolving implants [82][83]. Satisfactory results are also obtained with in situ gelling liquid implants [84][85] or film forming liquids [86][87][88]. In addition to

• conventional needles, with a channel located inside and a hole at the tip. These systems can be used to deliver liquid drug formulations to deeper skin layers, depending on the length of the needles [141]. They have higher drug incorporation capacity compared to the solid and coated systems. Moreover, as they

• porous ceramic materials, the pores in the carrier material can be filled with the active ingredient in liquid or solid form. In the first case, the drug diffuses from the solution in the microneedle pores upon application. In the other case, the drug solution is loaded to the microneedles and in the

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• manufactured by Cryovac [40] is mounted on top of the cryostat chamber outside the long axis of the chamber system (Figure 1); this permits a rapid transfer of (precooled) sample/cantilever holders from the manipulator to the microscope. The liquid helium (LHe) tank of the cryostat is surrounded by a liquid

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• . The intermediate products were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and a possible photocatalytic degradation path of CTC was proposed. This work provides a new perspective for the preparation of efficient MOF-based photocatalysts. Keywords: Bi2O3; chlortetracycline; metal

• existence of a BOM-20 heterojunction, the intermediate products in CTC degradation were detected by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), and the mass spectra are showed in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3. Based on analysis of intermediates, the possible degradation pathways were

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• tried to give a broader picture of the phenomenon in solids or in crystals [36], by using a very small sample size and performing an exhaustive study on bond orders and bond length average (Gaussian core model), as well as analysing the granularity of the system in liquid/solid phases. However, these

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• [16]. When the bee processes propolis, it only comes into contact with the liquid on the mandible surface and as the contact is removed, cohesive failure occurs. Part of the fluid sticks to the propolis sample, while the rest remains on the epicuticle. When longer contact occurs between mandible and

• mandible tip through the groove on the stem of the mandible and then through the channel on the medial surface of the mandible tip. This groove was previously suggested to channel liquid to the mandible tip [6][19]. Bees possibly help the spreading of fluid across the mandible surface by moving and rubbing

• easily. In unstructured areas of the mandible, the layer was thinner. It has previously been described that structures facilitate the spreading of fluid [50]. For instance, structures on Nepenthes alata and lizard skin have been found to enhance unidirectional liquid transportation [51]. The contact area

Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth,
• Lukas Schreiber and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83

• formation of biofilms [25][26]. A measure of the degree of wetting is the contact angle θ (CA). It describes the angle between the liquid–vapor interface and the liquid–solid interface. According to the CA, surfaces can be classified as superhydrophilic (0° < θ < 10°), hydrophilic (10° ≤ θ < 90

• by several reviews [27][29][30][31]. Wetting states Young was the first to formulate a description of the wetting state in 1805. According to Young's equation, the CA depends on the three interfacial tensions liquid–solid, liquid–gas, and solid–gas [32]. He describes an ideal static CA on a

• homogeneous, smooth, non-deformable, and inert surface. Natural and technical surfaces hardly correspond to these ideal conditions. Wenzel [33] and Cassie and Baxter [34] studied CAs on rough surfaces, assuming that the liquid penetrates perfectly into the depressions of the surface (homogeneous wetting

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• that are most suitable for operation in liquid environments where bias application can lead to unwanted electrochemical reactions. We conclude that open-loop multifrequency KPFM modes operated with the first harmonic of the electrostatic response on the first eigenmode offer the best performance in

• liquid environments whilst needing the smallest AC bias for operation. Keywords: AFM; atomic force microscopy; closed loop; Kelvin probe force microscope; KPFM; open loop; performance; signal-to-noise ratio; Introduction Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an enabling technique for the nanoscale mapping

• bias [28][29]. OL techniques are increasingly being adopted to enable the mapping of voltage-sensitive materials [30][31][32], to enable investigations of fast electrodynamic processes [11][12][13][14] and to enable measurements in liquid environments (where bias application could lead to stray

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• was attached with AB glue (Epoxy Resin Liquid Adhesive Strong Adhesive, HOU-FC220) to the bracket, which was connected to the force balance (load cell) after adjustment. Flight behavior and body angles of each beetle were ensured to be the same in flight (Figure 1). The selected load cell (LH-SZ-02

Temperature and chemical effects on the interfacial energy between a Ga–In–Sn eutectic liquid alloy and nanoscopic asperities

• Yujin Han,
• Pierre-Marie Thebault,
• Corentin Audes,
• Xuelin Wang,
• Haiwoong Park,
• Jian-Zhong Jiang and
• Arnaud Caron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 817–827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.72

• interfacial energies between a eutectic Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy and single nanoscopic asperities of SiOx, Au, and PtSi have been determined in the temperature range between room temperature and 90 °C by atomic force spectroscopy. For all asperities used here, we find that the interfacial tension of the eutectic

• Ga–In–Sn liquid alloy is smaller than its free surface energy by a factor of two (for SiOx) to eight (for PtSi). Any significant oxide growth upon heating studied was not detected here, and the measured interfacial energies strongly depend on the chemistry of the asperities. We also observe a weak

• increase of the interfacial energy as a function of the temperature, which can be explained by the reactivity between SiOx and Ga and the occurrence of chemical segregation at the liquid alloy surface. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); interfacial energy; liquid alloy; Introduction Recently, room

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• other words, the liquid should be removed before it freezes to the surface. The superhydrophobicity of the surface might well contribute to such an effect, which has been previously suggested in the literature on bioinspired passive anti-icing and ice-phobic surfaces [36][45]. The present study on D

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• were first obtained. Based on the Hansen's empirical theory, the concentration of liquid-exfoliated KP15 nanowires was improved to 0.0458 mg·mL−1 by a solution containing 50% water and 50% acetone. Approximately 79% of the KP15 nanowires had a thickness value below 50 nm and 60.9% of them had a width

• temperature measurements of KP15 nanodevices. Keywords: Hansen's empirical theory; KP15; liquid exfoliation; nanodevices; nanowires; Raman; semiconductors; Introduction Low-dimensional materials have drawn significant attention in recent years. So far, not only new composite materials with excellent

• is beneficial for the development of high-performance nanodevices. Searching effective synthesis routes for nanoscale KP15 has become an urgent issue. Liquid-phase exfoliation is one of the most straightforward methods to prepare low-dimensional materials at a low cost and with simple processes and

Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss,
• Daniel Schorr,
• Julia K. Metz,
• Metin Yildirim,
• Saeed Ahmad Khan and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68

• extract the height image from the force–distance curves acquired at each pixel. Particles were well distributed on substrates showing no agglomeration and a narrow size distribution. GNPs occur with a smooth surface and are spherically shaped when measured under liquid conditions. Particles crosslinked

• for 0.5 h imaged under liquid conditions by AFM are shown in Figure 1. Incorporating lysozyme as a protein drug up to an initial loading of 3 mg per 20 mg gelatin resulted in particles with comparable size (242.67 ± 11.32 nm), size distribution (0.132 ± 0.04), and a negative zeta potential at neutral

• were kept in deionized water and used on the same day. GNPs were incubated for 1 min to allow for a sufficient nanoparticle deposition without overloading the substrate surface. The supernatant was washed away with deionized water, and the samples were subsequently kept in liquid and measured on the