Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• reactivity of the surface, the presence of defects, already reported [37] and visible as small holes, should be noted. C60 on the surface can easily be identified as large bright areas corresponding to monolayer islands. These islands show irregular contour paths without preferential orientation as well as

• = 1.079 MHz, A2 = 800 pm, Δf2 = −30 Hz; (c, e) f1 = 152 kHz, A1 = 8 nm, Δf1 = −8 Hz. The crystal lattice orientation is shown in (b). Scale bar: (a–c) 100 nm, (d) 2 nm, (e) 10 nm. C60 on a NiO(001) surface. (a) Large scale topography nc-AFM image after TE; inset: zoom on an island with molecular

Determining amplitude and tilt of a lateral force microscopy sensor

• Oliver Gretz,
• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Thomas Holzmann,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 517–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.42

• Supporting Information File 1. (a) Sketch of the qPlus sensor in LFM orientation with amplitude A and the sensor tilt θ. (b) Photograph of a qPlus sensor glued perpendicularly on a sensor holder shown by the white substrate. Simulated Morse potential interaction for a LFM setup and comparison to normal AFM

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• selective enhancement of Raman signals from the samples. Previous studies showed that the RRE in liquid water directly corresponds to its supramolecular structure. It was also reported that the electric-field-induced orientation of water molecules on the electrode surface results in the surface-enhanced

• only a result of the specific orientation of water molecules on a silver surface, one should expect that this effect is visible for all AgNPs and is stronger for samples with a higher total metal surface. Taking into account the smaller average size of the AgNPs in the AgNPs yellow sample (higher total

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• determined not only by the large part of the surface atoms, but also by the crystallographic orientation on their surface. The number of atoms on the surface is influenced by the size of the nanoparticle, while the crystallographic orientation depends on the shape of the particles. The surfaces with {111

Reconstruction of a 2D layer of KBr on Ir(111) and electromechanical alteration by graphene

• Zhao Liu,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Stefan Peeters,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Maria Clelia Righi and
• Thilo Glatzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 432–439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.35

• long diagonal of the iridium unit cell ( = 470 pm) [41]. This observation already corresponds well with the three directions observed for the line structures and the main crystallographic directions of the Ir(111) surface. However, in the orthogonal direction (i.e., [011] orientation), the lattice

• answer, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to conclude on the observed structure. As a fundamental consideration, the lattice match for the orientation of KBr to fit the direction of Ir(111) due to was used and several possible periodicities have been considered as

Spontaneous shape transition of Mn_xGe_1−x islands to long nanowires

• S. Javad Rezvani,
• Luc Favre,
• Gabriele Giuli,
• Yiming Wubulikasimu,
• Isabelle Berbezier,
• Augusto Marcelli,
• Luca Boarino and
• Nicola Pinto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 366–374, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.30

• characteristic peaks of Mn5Ge3 and Mn11Ge8 can be due to the perfect iso-orientation of all the NPs present on the film surface (Figure 1c). Similar results have been observed on thinner samples, even if the detected signal has been less intense due to the reduced thickness of the Mn layer. The results of SEM

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• dioxide (SiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on quartz substrates was investigated. The deposition conditions were optimized to achieve stoichiometric thin films. The orientation of crystallites, structure, and composition were investigated by X-ray

• was done to determine the type of structure (e.g., polycrystalline or amorphous) and orientation of the thin films. Figure 1 shows typical XRD patterns of ZnO thin films with increasing thickness and prepared via rfMS. Following the effect of the deposition parameters of the oxide films we found that

• diffractograms [38]. These diffractograms indicate good crystalline quality and the analyzed films show two diffraction peaks, characteristic of the ZnO hexagonal structure (wurtzite). The studied thin films have a crystalline structure with a strong orientation of the planes (002) parallel to the surface of the

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• orange for better visibility. The areas marked in red were measured with the SICM. (a) Sheet-like protrusions (ruffles) that mostly orient to the cell edge (right side in the image) are visible. The streaky appearance corresponds to the fast scan direction and the orientation of the ruffles is stable

• the cell nucleus. These tail-like features are characterized by heights of less than 100 nm and seem to show no flapping, which results in almost orthogonal orientation with respect to the cell membrane. (b) Depressions or holes in the cell membrane of ca. 500 nm depth. Similar features in literature

Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface

• Rafal Zuzak,
• Marek Szymonski and
• Szymon Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 232–241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.19

• single-layer islands extending surprisingly far over distances reaching hundreds of nanometers. Within these islands FePc molecules adopt an upright orientation, which is characteristic for substrates weekly interacting with metal phthalocyanines. Our combined scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and

• between the island and the surface and also a low barrier for island displacement. Further, from the analysis of the apparent height of the molecular island, an upright orientation of the molecules can be inferred. Such a behavior has been frequently reported for substrates on which the interaction

• between the molecules and the surface is weak. This leads to a dominant role of molecule–molecule interactions and the formation of molecular crystals. In case of phthalocyanines, the upright orientation has been reported, for example, for CuPc on a layer of C60 [66] and for CuPc on top of the CuPc

TiO_x/Pt₃Ti(111) surface-directed formation of electronically responsive supramolecular assemblies of tungsten oxide clusters

• Marco Moors,
• Yun An,
• Agnieszka Kuc and
• Kirill Yu. Monakhov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 203–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.16

• obtained from the atomic charge analysis, corresponding to +IV and +VI in W3O8. Electron density and electron localization function show a slight increase for the WIV atom compared to the W3O9 cluster. In addition, the orientation of one of the W3O9 clusters in the layer below has obviously changed

• partial reduction of one of the tungsten atoms resulting in W3O8. Panels (c) and (d) illustrate the proposed structures before and after the procedure. The graph in (e) shows the corresponding height profile of the W3O9 stack in (a) marked by the red line. Panel (f) illustrates the proposed orientation on

Paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators and their applications: a review

• Jing Han,
• Nuo Xu,
• Yuchen Liang,
• Mei Ding,
• Junyi Zhai,
• Qijun Sun and
• Zhong Lin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 151–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.12

• layers. The adjustable parameters of the crease patterns, such as shape, size, and orientation, are key to the aesthetics and functionality of the SPIN energy-harvesting units. There are four types of folding structures for an efficient energy harvesting: the stripe fold, the Miura fold, the Yoshimura

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• , resulting in an orientation of the wing fragment perpendicular to the cutting plane. Sections 40 nm thick of the apex wedge were cut using a diamond knife and placed on 10 mm × 10 mm Au/Cr (60 nm/20 nm)-coated silicon wafer pieces. A conductive substrate surface is necessary for the proposed εr

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• (NTA) terminal groups for the interaction with the His-tagged PMs forming a quasi-monolayer of His-tagged PM on top of the CNM-NTA. The formation of the Ni-NTA/His-tag complex leads to the unidirectional orientation of PM on the CNM substrate. Electrophoretic sedimentation was employed to optimize the

• , the unidirectional orientation of the patches is an important requirement for a functional device [8]. Although various methods have already been tested with varying degrees of success in terms of orientation [23][24][25][26][27][28], the fusion of oriented membrane patches into a single, free

• using OriginPro 8 SR0 v8.0724 (OriginLab Corporation, Wellesley Hills, MA, USA). Results and Discussion Improving substrate coverage and PM orientation An oriented deposition of the PM patches is required to take advantage of the unidirectional proton transferability of PM. Preliminary experiments were

Kondo effects in small-bandgap carbon nanotube quantum dots

• Patryk Florków,
• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1873–1890, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.169

• different types. Full spin–orbital degeneracy might be recovered at zero field and, correspondingly, the SU(4) Kondo effect sets in. We point out the possibility of the occurrence of electron–hole Kondo effects in slanting magnetic fields, which we predict to occur in magnetic fields with an orientation

• close to perpendicular. When the field approaches a transverse orientation a crossover from SU(2) or SU(3) symmetry into SU(4) is observed. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; Kondo effect; mesoscopic transport; quantum dots; valleytronics; Introduction Due to their remarkable electronic, transport

• –hole degeneracy occurring in transverse fields (|h1+⟩, |h−1+⟩, |e1−⟩, |e−1−⟩). Before discussing the correlation effects, let us show how the ground-state diagrams of an isolated dot change with the strength of SO interaction or with the orientation of the magnetic field. We restrict ourselves to the

Scanning transmission imaging in the helium ion microscope using a microchannel plate with a delay line detector

• Eduardo Serralta,
• Nico Klingner,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Serge Duarte Pinto,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Gregor Hlawacek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1854–1864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.167

• the contrast of certain compositional features of the sample. Crystalline materials can also give rise to additional contrast mechanisms. In crystalline materials, the stopping force depends on the orientation of the crystal [16]. Along some orientations, the target atoms are aligned in rows or planes

• probability of undergoing large-angle scattering. Hence, it will have a smaller energy loss per distance compared to random directions. This phenomenon is called the channeling effect and has been described for megaelectronvolt ions in detail in [17]. When compared to a random orientation, the channeling

• . Diffraction patterns yield additional information on the crystal lattice and orientation. However, this application demands a detector with high spatial resolution taking into consideration the energy range and typical space restrictions in the HIM. In the past, several attempts to utilize the transmission

The influence of an interfacial hBN layer on the fluorescence of an organic molecule

• Christine Brülke,
• Oliver Bauer and
• Moritz M. Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1663–1684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.149

PTCDA adsorption on CaF₂ thin films

• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1615–1622, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.144

• is shown in Figure 3a, where the orientation along the double-lobe shape (i.e., along the long molecular axis, see also white dashed line in Figure 3c) was measured with respect to a CaF2 direction from more than 1000 molecules in a total of 10 images. The CaF2 directions were determined from filled

• (directions are included for clarity in Figure 4a). This orientation is in full agreement with the experimental observation in Figure 3a, where maxima in the orientation histogram were found at angles of about 30° off the directions. The PTCDA molecule is in a nearly flat-lying geometry, with the exception

• rationalised by nucleation at defects present within the CaF1 interface layer. In contrast, the CaF2/CaF1 layer is mostly defect-free. A statistical analysis revealed a preferred molecular orientation of the long molecular axis along a CaF2 direction, in full agreement with the DFT-calculated optimum

High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• detected after adding the CTAB surfactant. However, a preferred orientation along the (−121) plane was found when the CTAB surfactant was used. The significantly increased intensity of the (−121) plane and other peaks could be attributed to the increase in the degree of crystallinity of Ag2S caused by the

• silver target in a Tu solution with CTAB as a cationic surfactant. The effect of CTAB on the structural, optical and morphological properties of Ag2S NPs was studied. XRD results showed a preferred orientation along the (−121) plane after CTAB was introduced. TEM investigation showed that the average

Detecting stable adsorbates of (1S)-camphor on Cu(111) with Bayesian optimization

• Jari Järvi,
• Patrick Rinke and
• Milica Todorović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1577–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.140

• , we study the adsorption of camphor on Cu(111) with respect to molecular orientation and location. We define the PES of adsorption in a 6D phase space with three rotational angles (α, β, γ) and three translational directions (x, y, z), which correspond to the Cu lattice directions [10−1], [−12−1] and

• [111], respectively (Figure 3b). The adsorption height of the molecule (z) is defined with respect to the center point of rotation (Figure 3b), which is the middle point of the line connecting two C atoms at the sides of the rigid cage of camphor. We investigate the orientation of the molecule with

• camphor on Cu(111) as a function of its (i) adsorption height (1D), (ii) orientation (3D), and (iii) adsorption site (2D). First, we investigate the height of the molecule with a 1D search (Figure 2b) to determine a suitable height for the rotational search. Based on the resulting energy curve we estimate

Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100)

• Feifei Xiang,
• Tobias Schmitt,
• Marco Raschmann and
• M. Alexander Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1516–1524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.134

• orientation. The slabs were separated by approximately 12 Å of vacuum (measured from the topmost atom of the adsorbed molecule), resulting in a third cell dimension of 23 Å and 25 Å, respectively. For structural relaxation all molecular atoms were allowed to relax. Only in the case of 1, the central Co atom

• and the closest H atom of the macrocycle. Expecting some distortions of the molecule on the surface, this is well in the range of dipolar and hydrogen bond distances [25][30][45]. From the molecular orientation of the assembly marked by the black rectangle in Figure 6a, shown in detail in Figure 6c

• respect to the rotation of the molecule on the surface. To this end, we calculated the total energy for different orientations of 1 on 1BL and 2BL CoO (Figure 7c). The orientation is given as the angle between the molecular axis (defined by the phenyl groups) and the direction of the Ir substrate. While

Controlling the electronic and physical coupling on dielectric thin films

• Philipp Hurdax,
• Michael Hollerer,
• Larissa Egger,
• Georg Koller,
• Xiaosheng Yang,
• Anja Haags,
• Serguei Soubatch,
• Frank Stefan Tautz,
• Mathias Richter,
• Alexander Gottwald,
• Peter Puschnig,
• Martin Sterrer and
• Michael G. Ramsey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1492–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.132

• regime) and charged and uncharged molecules (Fermi level pinning regime) can be obtained. Furthermore, it was found that charge transfer and temperature strongly influence the orientation, conformation, and wetting behavior (physical coupling) of the 6P layers on the MgO(100) thin films. Keywords

• . The azimuthal orientations of the molecules can be derived by comparing the orientations of the molecular emission patterns to the orientation of the emission pattern from the Ag(100) substrate or from the crystal surface unit cell inferred from low energy electron diffraction (LEED) experiments. This

• comparison shows that all charged molecules have their long axes aligned 45° with respect to the close-packed atomic rows of the substrate (i.e., along the [001]/[010] azimuths) in agreement with the orientation of the molecules obtained via STM in Figure 2b. Significantly, the theoretical maps shown in

Protruding hydrogen atoms as markers for the molecular orientation of a metallocene

• Linda Laflör,
• Michael Reichling and
• Philipp Rahe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1432–1438, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.127

• cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings. Simulated NC-AFM images show an excellent agreement with experimental constant-height NC-AFM data of FDCA molecules at several tip–sample distances. By measuring this distinct dumbbell shape together with the molecular orientation, a strategy is proposed to determine the conformation

• ][8]. Furthermore, the imaging of hydrogen atoms attached to propellane molecules with CO-functionalised tips was suggested to enable the identification of three-dimensional molecules [9]. Very recently, a combination of NC-AFM and automated structure detection has been able to resolve the orientation

• Figure 1a and Figure 1b, respectively. The molecule–surface bond, with a calculated binding energy for geo 1 of −1.74 eV, is surprisingly strong [22]. Due to the tilted molecular orientations, both geometries have two hydrogen atoms as the topmost unit protruding the surface. However, the orientation

Analysis of catalyst surface wetting: the early stage of epitaxial germanium nanowire growth

• Owen C. Ernst,
• Felix Lange,
• David Uebel,
• Thomas Teubner and
• Torsten Boeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1371–1380, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.121

• the vW model fails since gold droplets are formed on the silicon oxide surface. A deep insight into the characteristics and properties of the observed material is needed to perform calculations using van der Waals interactions. However, thermal silicon oxide has no defined crystallographic orientation

• defined surface orientation with well-understood physical and chemical properties; therefore, even the fully theoretical vW model fits the real system behaviour. Nevertheless, the results for gold on silicon also vary due to the wide range of possible Hamaker constants, which are needed in the

• silicon oxide. One reason for this failure is the unknown ratio of different oxide species on the substrate surface and their unknown orientation. Therefore, an exact theoretical description of these systems is difficult. The two empirical models predict the formation of isolated droplets without a

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• or PFP with a flat-lying (long and short molecular axes parallel to the substrate) orientation, which have IEs (in monolayers on graphite) of 5.65 eV and 6.20 eV, respectively [25][26]. The decrease in the IE is due to solid state polarization, which is a general phenomenon for molecular thin films

• [40][41][42][43][44]. However, in thin films comprised of molecules in a standing orientation on SiO2 (long molecular axis perpendicular to the substrate), the IE of PEN decreases to 4.90 eV and the IE of PFP increases to 6.65 eV [45]. The opposite trend of the orientation dependency of the IEs has

• contribution polarization [11][44]. Perfluorination does not impact the orientation of PEN and PFP in the contact layer with clean metals, where both compounds are lying flat [9][30][31][47][48][49][50][51][52]. On Au(111), the coupling strength of both monolayers with the substrate is rather similar and

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• multilayer. We observe that the resistive transition of the multilayer structure has multiple steps, which we attribute to the transition of individual superconductive layers with the critical temperature, Tc, depending on the local magnetization orientation of the neighboring F-layers. We argue that such

• parameter exceeds the value sufficient for carrying the applied transport current) depends on the magnetization orientation in the neighboring F-layers. It is at a maximum for the AP and at a minimum for the P orientation. From Figure 5b one can see that different segments may have a different sequence of

• explanation is based on the magnetic structure of the connected electrodes. If we assume that the “N”- (or “T”-) electrode consists of two (or three) domains with significantly different mutual magnetization orientation in the F-layers, this can provide different critical temperature values for each domain