Carbon nanotube-wrapped Fe₂O₃ anode with improved performance for lithium-ion batteries

• Guoliang Gao,
• Yan Jin,
• Qun Zeng,
• Deyu Wang and
• Cai Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 649–656, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.69

• . Hydrothermal syntheses are frequently used to obtain composite oxides with uniform particle size distribution. The synthesized material can effectively buffer volume change caused by charge and discharge; and improve the electrical conductivity of the electrode [26][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Experimental

Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta₂O₅ nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal

• Subia Ambreen,
• Mohammad Danish,
• Narendra D. Pandey and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 604–613, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.65

• –condensation of tantalum alkoxide and the alkoxy chloroacetate derivatives. X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded on a RIGAKU Smart lab X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kα radiation. The particle size distribution in chloroform dispersion was recorded by a Nanotrac particle analyser. TEM images were taken on a

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• was added just before drying the slurry by spray drying. Mean particle diameters down to 400 and 200 nm have been measured by DLS for RDX- and CL-20-based composites, respectively, after milling. However, no particle size distribution (PSD) curve was provided nor was the dispersion of the results

• focused on military-grade RDX pellets. The scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and SEM analyses showed a particle size distribution around 64 nm for a 200 mJ pulse and a 75 mJ pulse. No further analysis has been reported, such as trace decomposition, crystalline quality, apparent density, sensitivity

• chemical interaction was also found from IR and Raman spectra. The high versatility of the SFE permits the processing of liquid (poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) 400) and solid (PVP 40k) polymers to tune the RDX particle size distribution from the nanometer to the micrometer scale with controlled shapes [121

Tailoring bifunctional hybrid organic–inorganic nanoadsorbents by the choice of functional layer composition probed by adsorption of Cu²⁺ ions

• Veronika V. Tomina,
• Inna V. Melnyk,
• Yuriy L. Zub,
• Aivaras Kareiva,
• Miroslava Vaclavikova,
• Gulaim A. Seisenbaeva and
• Vadim G. Kessler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 334–347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.36

• . During synthesis APTES was first added to the ethanol–water–ammonium solution, and then the mixture of alkoxysilanes with different TEOS/PFES ratios was introduced. Morphology and particle size distribution of bifunctional silica samples were examined using SEM (Figure 1 and Figure 2). It is important to

• on a spectrophotometer Specord UV–vis (model M-40). SEM images and particle size distribution curves for amino/methyl-containing samples NM, NMi, NMh. SEM images of amino-/fluorine-containing samples. 13C (a) and 29Si (b) CP/MAS NMR spectra of the synthesized samples. Pseudo-second-order kinetic

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• ) and nonionic (Tween 80) surfactants. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) (a,b); histogram of the particle size distribution (c) of 2h solid isoindigo nanoparticles (SIPs). Analysis of the size distribution of 2c (a), 2d (b), 2e (c), 2f (d), 2g (e), 2h (f) particles in water/DMF (50% v/v) solutions

From iron coordination compounds to metal oxide nanoparticles

• Mihail Iacob,
• Carmen Racles,
• Codrin Tugui,
• George Stiubianu,
• Adrian Bele,
• Liviu Sacarescu,
• Daniel Timpu and
• Maria Cazacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2074–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.198

• ultrasonicated for 1 min at 100 °C, then 40 mL of ammonia water (25%) were added to the solution. The ultrasonication time was 10 min for sample NPU1, and 30 min for NPU2. TEM images and particle size distribution histograms of NPT1a (a,c) and NPT1b (b,d). The TEM images (a,c) and the histogram of the particle

• size distribution (b) of NPT2 nanoparticles. The TEM images (a–c) and the histogram of diameter distribution of NPT3 nanoparticles (d). TEM image (a) and diameter distribution histogram (b) of NPT4 nanoparticles. TEM images of samples NPS1 (a) NPS2 (b) and NPS3 (c). TEM images for NPS4 (a) NPS5 (b) and

The difference in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids measured by different methods and its rationalization

• Aparna Zagabathuni,
• Sudipto Ghosh and
• Shyamal Kumar Pabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2037–2044, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.194

• nanoparticles with L, the available distance for Brownian motion. (b) A magnified view of the region within the square in panel a. Enhancement of the thermal conductivity predicted for various widths L of the nanofluid as a function of the Al2O3 particle size for a volume fraction Vf = 0.01. Al2O3 particle size

• distribution in nanofluids and its relative contribution to the thermal conductivity enhancement (Vf = 0.04) by the model presented here for typical values of L in THWM (40 mm) and LFM (0.3 mm). Thermal conductivity enhancement of water-based nanofluids containing Al2O3 particles of an average size of 115 nm

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• ; and (3) hybridization steps (TMC = N-trimethylchitosan). (A) TEM images of synthesized Fe3O4 NPs (a), gold NPs (b), TMC@Fe3O4 NPs (c), and gold–magnetic NPs (d) with their corresponding particle size distribution (inset). (B) UV–vis analysis of gold NPs (a), Fe3O4 NPs (b), TMC@Fe3O4 NPs (c), and gold

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• parameters, particle size, particle size distribution, water content, and structure. HAp nanoparticle morphology and structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed crystalline HAp was synthesized, which

• results of specific surface area and TEM measurements using the dark-field technique. The obtained nanoparticles with average particle diameter ranging from 8–39 nm were characterized by having homogeneous morphology with a needle shape and a narrow particle size distribution. Strong similarities were

• precise control of the average particle size and particle size distribution can be maintained and these parameters can still be precisely tuned. Experimental Materials The HAp nanopowder was synthesized via a simple precipitation method (exactly in the acid/base neutralization process). The precursors for

Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

• Christa Genslein,
• Peter Hausler,
• Eva-Maria Kirchner,
• Rudolf Bierl,
• Antje J. Baeumner and
• Thomas Hirsch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1564–1573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.150

• on top of the glass slide by plasma etching. The periodicity (P) is not affected by this process, as the particles remain at their initial positions. Spheres were etched from 0.82 to 0.36 µm with a small standard deviation of a maximum of ±0.05 µm (particle-size distribution shown in Figure S1

• nanosphere lithography technique. SEM image (A) of a densely packed monolayer of polystyrene particles with a diameter of 1.02 μm. Substrates were covered by ~45 nm Au with a ~3 nm Ti adhesion layer. Scale bar is 10 μm. (B) The respective particle size distribution fitted with a Gaussian function. SEM images

Influence of synthesis conditions on microstructure and phase transformations of annealed Sr₂FeMoO_6−x nanopowders formed by the citrate–gel method

• Marta Yarmolich,
• Nikolai Kalanda,
• Sergey Demyanov,
• Herman Terryn,
• Jon Ustarroz,
• Maksim Silibin and
• Gennadii Gorokh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1202–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.111

• degree of the iron and molybdenum cations. (b) X-ray diffractogram of Sr2FeMoO6−x synthesized from a colloidal solution at pH 4 with varied annealing conditions (893 K for 1 h, 1060 K for 1 h and 1120 K for 4 h) and hardened at room temperature. Inset: Particle size distribution obtained by DLS. The

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• . Atif et al. showed that a wide particle size distribution yields an effective reinforcement as the empty spaces created by the larger particles can be occupied by the smaller particles thereby resulting in a strong network of the filler and a concomitant increase in the mechanical properties [143]. A

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• , transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used (Figure 1, Table 1). The average size of the PLL-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Figure 1A) was larger than that of nanomag®-D-spio nanoparticles (Figure 1B). The latter particles had a broader particle size distribution due to presence

• six morphological descriptors, namely area, perimeter, Convex-Hull perimeter, equivalent diameter, roughness and circularity (Figure 1C). To further characterize the particle size distribution, number-equivalent diameter (Dn), weight-average diameter (Dw) and polydispersity index (PDI) were calculated

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• data and measure the particle size distribution in our samples. The AFM phase image in Figure 2c and Figure 2d are very helpful in identifying the bright spots in Figure 2a and Figure 2b and to establish whether they are big particles or not. The spots appear as the same colour as the surrounding

Microwave solvothermal synthesis and characterization of manganese-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Roman Mukhovskyi,
• Elzbieta Pietrzykowska,
• Sylwia Kusnieruk,
• Jan Mizeracki and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 721–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.64

• employed methods. The lack of simultaneous control over chemical composition, stoichiometry, dopant homogeneity, particle size distribution, shape, phase purity, surface modification and agglomeration, makes it difficult to obtain NPs [22]. The primary cause of the lack of reproducibility of magnetic

• , thanks to which these expressions can be used interchangeably in this paper; the obtained crystallite size distribution may be interpreted as particle size distribution. Conclusion Zn1−xMnxO (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25) nanoparticles have been synthesized by microwave solvothermal synthesis

• obtaining crystalline Zn1−xMnxO, pure in terms of phase, with a narrow particle size distribution with the nominal dopant content reaching 25 mol % and doping efficiency of circa 22%. Our paper also indicates a high potential of microwave solvothermal synthesis for obtaining doped ZnO nanoparticles. The

Impact of ultrasonic dispersion on the photocatalytic activity of titania aggregates

• Hoai Nga Le,
• Frank Babick,
• Klaus Kühn,
• Minh Tan Nguyen,
• Michael Stintz and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2423–2430, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.250

• with different P25 concentrations. All experiments were repeated two or three times to check the reproducibility. Analytical method The particle size distribution of the TiO2 P25 suspensions was characterized by a Malvern Nano S90 photon correlation spectrometer [30]. The immediate results are the

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• in smaller particle sizes compared to gelatin–glucose solutions, due to the rate of the reduction reaction. Their instrumental analysis including XRD, UV–vis spectrometry, TEM, and AFM confirmed the formation of NPs with a quite narrow particle size distribution. The size of their NPs was less than

Green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of natural bentonite-supported copper nanoparticles for the solvent-free synthesis of 1-substituted 1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazoles and reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Akbar Rostami-Vartooni,
• Mohammad Alizadeh and
• Mojtaba Bagherzadeh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2300–2309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.236

• and O were observed. The size of the as-prepared Cu NPs/bentonite was further examined by TEM. The histogram of the particle size distribution of Cu nanoparticles on the surface of bentonite is given in Figure 6a–c. The average size of the Cu NPs on bentonite was 56 nm. The particles exhibited

• images of Cu NPs/bentonite (a,b), the histogram of the particle size distribution of Cu nanoparticles on the bentonite surface (c) and corresponding SAED pattern (d). The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (a) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution plot of Cu NPs/bentonite (b). Conversion

Silica-coated upconversion lanthanide nanoparticles: The effect of crystal design on morphology, structure and optical properties

• Uliana Kostiv,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Hana Macková,
• Alexander Zhigunov,
• Hana Engstová,
• Katarína Smolková,
• Petr Ježek and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2290–2299, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.235

• energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) were used to determine the morphology, crystal structure and elemental composition of the nanocrystals, respectively. All TEM micrographs, diffractograms and spectra were taken at an accelerating voltage of 120 kV. Particle size distribution was analyzed with the

• particle surface effectively prevented aggregation. The particles had regular spherical shapes with sizes (Dn) in the range of 6–10 nm (Table 1). The particle size increased as the temperature increased up to 350 °C, which is close to the OM boiling point. Particle size distribution was relatively narrow

• approximately 10 nm and the particle size distribution was rather narrow (Table 1 and Table 2). The degree of crystallinity according to XRD (Figure 3b) was approximately 75 wt % (Table 2). A small amorphous halo originated primarily from OM on the nanoparticle surface. In α- and β-phase particles, the presence

Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds by incorporating ligand-free hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into biodegradable polymer scaffolds and release studies

• Balazs Farkas,
• Marina Rodio,
• Ilaria Romano,
• Alberto Diaspro,
• Romuald Intartaglia and
• Szabolcs Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2217–2223, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.227

• spiral with an outer radius of 1 mm. The irradiation time was fixed at 120 min. Particle size distribution was evaluated by TEM. The HA NP/ethanol colloidal solution was added to the PPF:DEF during resin production: The colloidal solution was mixed with DEF, then added to the PPF in 7:3 w/w followed by 1

• –4000 cm−1. TEM image of hydroxyapatite colloidal solution prepared by UV laser ablation of hydroxyapatite target immersed in ethanol solution. b) Size distribution histogram of the colloidal solution revealing the mean size around 17 nm. The particle size distribution is obtained by using the ImageJ

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• crystallographic c-axis/a,b-extension) has become slightly larger due to the presence of chlorine. This can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations shown in Figure 3c and Figure S4 (Supporting Information File 1). The particle size distribution is polydisperse and almost all particles

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• that is available to corroborate the manufacturer’s claim that the product contains nanomaterials. If the manufacturer provides supporting information (e.g., a datasheet containing electron micrographs showing the nanomaterials or a particle size distribution), the product is placed in Category 3

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility study of Au/TMC/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites as a promising, nontoxic system for biomedical applications

• Hanieh Shirazi,
• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Soheila Kashanian and
• Kobra Omidfar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1677–1689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.170

• ) [37]. According to the TEM images, the chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles had a diameter of about 25 nm, which is reasonable compared to similar reported nanoparticles. The TEM results and particle size distribution of the polymer-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Figure 4a–d) indicated an interesting

• percentage of the viability of the control culture [48][54]. (a) TEM image of uncoated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their (b) corresponding particle size distribution. (c) Hysteresis loop of the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles: (1) Fe3O4, (2) TMC/Fe3O4, (3) Au/TMC/Fe3O4, (4) chitosan/Fe3O4 and (5) Au/chitosan

• /Fe3O4. (d) Iron oxide suspensions with (right) and without (left) an external magnetic field. (a) TEM image of Au nanoparticles along with (b) their corresponding particle size distribution. (c) UV–vis absorption spectrum of synthesized Au nanoparticles. (d) Image of a freshly prepared, ruby-red

The eNanoMapper database for nanomaterial safety information

• Nina Jeliazkova,
• Charalampos Chomenidis,
• Philip Doganis,
• Bengt Fadeel,
• Roland Grafström,
• Barry Hardy,
• Janna Hastings,
• Markus Hegi,
• Vedrin Jeliazkov,
• Nikolay Kochev,
• Pekka Kohonen,
• Cristian R. Munteanu,
• Haralambos Sarimveis,
• Bart Smeets,
• Pantelis Sopasakis,
• Georgia Tsiliki,
• David Vorgrimmler and
• Egon Willighagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1609–1634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.165

• semantics-free stable identifier that is suitable for use in data annotation, as it is resistant to minor changes in the label and improvements in the definition of the class. Examples of annotations that have already been included in the database are: “particle size distribution (granulometry)” annotated

• , modes of action), interactions (cell lines, assays) and a wide variety of measurements. A number of analytic techniques have been proposed and developed to characterise the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, including the commonly used dynamic light scattering to measure the particle size

• distribution and zeta potentiometry to estimate the pH-dependent surface charge. Biological identity With the expanding insight into the factors determining toxicity, the list of measurable effects is growing increasingly long. The need for validated in vitro tests has been advocated since 2006 [1]. It is

Synthesis, characterization and in vitro effects of 7 nm alloyed silver–gold nanoparticles

• Simon Ristig,
• Svitlana Chernousova,
• Wolfgang Meyer-Zaika and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1212–1220, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.124

• exchange with PVP. Dynamic light scattering also showed a monomodal particle size distribution without agglomerates. The polydispersity index between 0.1 and 0.3 confirmed a good degree of monodispersity. Note that the hydrodynamic radius, dH, as probed by DLS, is slightly larger (10–12 nm) than the radius

• /Au 30:70, d = 7.1 nm; (C) Ag/Au 90:10, d = 11.5 nm, with the particle size distribution shown in the histograms. DCS results of Ag/Au–PVP nanoparticles of three different compositions: Ag/Au 40:60, d = 5.3 nm; Ag/Au 60:40, d = 5.5 nm; Ag/Au 10:90, d = 5.8 nm. UV–vis spectra of PVP-functionalized Ag