Transition from freestanding SnO₂ nanowires to laterally aligned nanowires with a simulation-based experimental design

• Jasmin-Clara Bürger,
• Sebastian Gutsch and
• Margit Zacharias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 843–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.69

• [21]. Two-zone furnaces allow for an extended homogeneous growth even on a cm range, which is in a much longer tube section than possible in a one-zone furnace [19]. The quartz tube (Øinner = 5 cm) is attached vacuum-tightly to a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The gas inlet is connected to two mass flow

• furnace with the powder boat within the upstream half of the quartz tube (Figure 1). Here, the tube was simulated as cylinder (Ø 5 cm) (Figure 1). The temperature of the tube was selected to be 800 °C according to the above-mentioned publications [15][16]. For reasons of simplification and to enable a

• the cross-sectional area of the quartz tube and T and p are the process temperature and the process pressure, respectively. As seen from the simulation results, the higher the volumetric flow rate per cross-sectional area, the faster the equilibrium metal vapor concentration is reached and the higher

Adsorption behavior of tin phthalocyanine onto the (110) face of rutile TiO₂

• Lukasz Bodek,
• Mads Engelund,
• Aleksandra Cebrat and
• Bartosz Such

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 821–828, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.67

• rate (0.25 ML/min) was determined using a quartz crystal microbalance. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments were performed with the use of either a low-temperature STM (LT-STM) operating at ca. 78 K or a room-temperature STM (RT-STM) manufactured by Scienta Omicron installed in a separate

Exfoliation in a low boiling point solvent and electrochemical applications of MoO₃

• Matangi Sricharan,
• Bikesh Gupta,
• Sreejesh Moolayadukkam and
• H. S. S. Ramakrishna Matte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 662–670, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.52

• dispersions was recorded using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 750) in 10 mm quartz cuvettes. The concentrations of dispersions were determined by using thermogravimetric analysis. For this, 4 mL of MoO3 dispersion was filled in a 5 mL beaker followed by drying off the solvent at 80 °C in a

Soybean-derived blue photoluminescent carbon dots

• Shanshan Wang,
• Wei Sun,
• Dong-sheng Yang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 606–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.48

• filtration was dried at 60 °C in a vacuum oven for 24 h, and the final product was named as HTC-CDs. High-temperature annealing The high-temperature annealing was performed in a horizontal tube furnace under the flow of argon gas. A quartz boat loaded with HTC-processed carbon particles was placed in the

• at a flow rate of 50 SCCM, and finally maintained at 850 °C for 2 h to anneal the HTC-processed carbon particles. After the annealing, the furnace/system was reduced to room temperature in air. The black carbon powders, which formed in the quartz boat, were collected, and the carbon nanoparticles

• h. A mechanical press of the heated mixture at 6000 psi for 5 min led to the formation of a circular pellet of ≈1.27 cm in diameter and ≈1 mm in thickness. The circular pellet was transferred to a self-made vial with a quartz window for laser ablation, and ≈3 mL NH4OH aqueous solution was added to

Identification of physicochemical properties that modulate nanoparticle aggregation in blood

• Ludovica Soddu,
• Duong N. Trinh,
• Eimear Dunne,
• Dermot Kenny,
• Giorgia Bernardini,
• Ida Kokalari,
• Arianna Marucco,
• Marco P. Monopoli and
• Ivana Fenoglio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 550–567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.44

• Nanosight NS300 (Malvern, UK) instrument equipped with a blue laser (488 nm) and a quartz chamber for sample injection, equipped with an O-ring top plate. For the NP/hard protein corona complexes, the samples were diluted in PBS (0.01 M, pH 7.4). The dilution factor was chosen in order to obtain 30

Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions

• Robert Kozioł,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Damian Koszelow,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 494–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.40

• measured in situ using a quartz crystal microbalance. To form nanostructures, the as-prepared films were put into a hot furnace and annealed in argon atmosphere at different temperatures for different periods of time. The surface morphology of the samples was analyzed using a FEI Quanta FEG 250 SEM

Preparation and in vivo evaluation of glyco-gold nanoparticles carrying synthetic mycobacterial hexaarabinofuranoside

• Gennady L. Burygin,
• Polina I. Abronina,
• Nikita M. Podvalnyy,
• Sergey A. Staroverov,
• Leonid O. Kononov and
• Lev A. Dykman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 480–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.39

• contents. The solution was allowed to cool by incubation at room temperature for 15 min. Absorbance was measured in 1 cm quartz cuvettes on a Specord 250 spectrophotometer (Analytik, Jena, Germany) at 490 nm using solutions of the parent glycoside 1 for calibration. The calculation also took into

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• out after mixing the solutions at 293 K. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The particle size distribution formed as a result of self-association of the pillar[5]arenes 2–4 was determined at 20 °С by dynamic light scattering using a nanoparticle size analyzer (Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern) in quartz

• cuvettes. The instrument contains a 4 mW He–Ne laser operating at a wavelength of 633 nm and incorporates noninvasive backscatter optics (NIBS). The measurements were performed at the detection angle of 173° and the software automatically determined the measurement position within the quartz cuvette. The

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• the measurements. The measurements were made using a quartz microcell of 1 mL capacity and 3 mm path length. Clear disposable cells were employed for zeta potential measurements. All measurements were performed for each sample in triplicates 20 min after sample preparation at 25 °C. Electrophoresis

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• evaporation chamber. The thickness and deposition rate (10 Å s−1) were monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance. After evaporation of Au, the substrates were cooled and the chamber was backfilled with nitrogen. The substrates were stored under argon and flame-annealed in a butane/oxygen flame immediately

• adhesion layer. The thickness and deposition rate (10 Å s−1) were monitored using a quartz crystal microbalance. Between substrate preparation and SAM formation, the substrates were stored in an argon atmosphere. The formation of the PAT monolayers on the gold silicon wafer was described above. Grafting

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• holder with a quartz window. The bulk sample was positioned following the same geometry as used for the mica substrate (in reflection mode at 90°). The emission lifetime was measured using the TSPC module and a pulsed Xe source at 339 nm. The luminescence measurements of the liquid samples were performed

• using a standard 1 cm quartz cuvette containing a 10−5 M solution of [Tb(hfac)3·2H2O]. Appropriate filters were used to remove residual lamp excitation, scattered light and associated harmonics. The emission lifetime was measured using the TSPC module and a pulsed Xe source at 312 nm for the water

Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness

• Cynthia Kembuan,
• Maysoon Saleh,
• Bastian Rühle,
• Ute Resch-Genger and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2410–2421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.231

• laser diode from Insaneware-Robert Nowak and an Edinburgh Instruments spectrofluorometer FLS-980 equipped with an electrically modulated 8 W 978 nm laser diode (950 μs long square pulses) and a red-extended photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R2658P). Quartz glass cuvettes (QS Suprasil, 5 mm, Hellma or VWR

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• , the desired amount of thiourea (99%, Aladdin) was added; the molar ratio of S in the thiourea to Ti in TiO2 (RS/Ti) was chosen 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. After magnetic stirring for 30 min, the solution was transferred to a 120 mL quartz crucible that was subsequently placed inside a 500 mL Hastelloy

• autoclave, and 150 mL of deionized water was added to the autoclave. The autoclave was then heated to 180 °C or 250 °C and maintained at this temperature for 12 h. The reaction occurred in the quartz crucible under the environment of high-temperature vapor of deionized water. The thermal chemical vapor

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• range for each experiment. Experimental For the experiments we used a custom-designed AFM equipped with a qPlus sensor. The qPlus sensor is a stiff (k = 1800 N/m) self-sensing quartz sensor with a resonance frequency around f0 = 32 kHz. It has enabled unprecedented results in low-temperature AFM, such

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• ETS-4, AM-1 and quartz were detected (see also SEM data in Figure 3). The corresponding reflections at angles of 2θ are seen at, for example, 29.9° and 7.6° from ETS-4, 35.6° and 49.2° from AM-1, and 13.1° and 30.4° from quartz. The quantification of the presence of each phase in the prepared batch

• , as well as the results of the studies aimed at minimization of the amount of quartz and alternative titanosilicate phases employed during the synthesis of ETS-10 are described in section S6 of Supporting Information File 1. The presence of sharp peaks in the diffractogram (e.g., 0.15° FWHM for the

• alternative phases (such as ETS-4, AM-1, or quartz) appearing as side products. This was confirmed by X-ray diffractograms and TEM, revealing the high crystallinity of the material. Post-synthetic treatment with H2O2 at 423 K led to the successful introduction of mesopores in the range of 4–40 nm

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• nanostructured materials with exotic properties [198] undoubtedly have important contributions. In addition, mass-sensitive sensors, quartz and crystal microbalance [199] are are useful for many substances because mass changes and alteration of viscoelasticity such as phase transition [200] are common over all

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• particles per milliliter as determined by NTA. The solution was diluted to obtain ca. 3500 NPs in the quartz cuvette (300 μL) of the instruments under laminar flow. Of these 3500 NPs ca. 100–200 NPs are illuminated at any given time as determined from still images of the recorded video using ImageJ software

• . 100 nm [36]. Spectroscopic analyses were recorded at ambient temperature (21–28 °C) using quartz cuvettes with an optical path length of 1 cm. Dynamic light scattering DLS measurements were carried out on a Wyatt DynaProTM DP-801 system coupled with Dynamics V7.0.0.95 software. Measurements were

• recorded with the following settings: 20 mW He–Ne laser, λ0 = 780 nm, scattering angle θ = 90°, molar refractive index of 1.33; viscosity of 0.8872 at 25 °C; the attenuator was set up automatically and ranged between 6 to 9. Corresponding quartz cells were flushed with deionized water followed by a 1% (v/v

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• was followed by a BelCat-B catalyst analyzer (Bel Japan, Inc.) coupled with a mass spectrometer (OmniStar GSD 320, Pfeiffer Vacuum). The sample was placed between two plugs of quartz wool in a quartz glass reactor and heated up to 500 °C (10 K·min−1) under a flow of helium (30 mL·min−1). The

Chiral nanostructures self-assembled from nitrocinnamic amide amphiphiles: substituent and solvent effects

• Hejin Jiang,
• Huahua Fan,
• Yuqian Jiang,
• Li Zhang and
• Minghua Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1608–1617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.156

• kV. UV–vis spectra were recorded with a Hitachi U-3900 spectrophotometer in quartz cuvettes (light path 0.1 mm and 1 cm). CD spectra were measured with a JASCO J-810 CD spectrophotometer in quartz cuvettes with a 0.1 mm path length over a range of 200–800 nm. XRD analysis was performed on a Rigaku D

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• carbonized at 2000 °C in vacuum, resulting in morphology-preserved one-dimensional carbon materials with sp2-hybridised π-electron-rich robust frameworks (Figure 16). Due to their highly aromatic nature, microbalance sensors with the synthesized one-dimensional carbon materials on a quartz crystal

• liquid–liquid interfacial precipitation from 2-propanol and C60 solution in dodecylbenzene as reported by Shrestha and co-workers (Figure 17) [247]. Quartz crystal microbalance sensors coated with the bitter-melon-shaped objects exhibited excellent sensing properties for aromatic vapours with

• . Quartz crystal microbalance sensors modified with these hierarchic C70 assemblies exhibited an excellent sensitivity to aromatic molecules in their vapour phase probably due to facile diffusion through the porous structure, high surface-area contact and advantageous π–π interaction. The formation of low

Rapid thermal annealing for high-quality ITO thin films deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Doina Craciun,
• Florin Garoi,
• Catalin Negrila,
• Beatrice Gabriela Sbarcea and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1511–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.149

• , electrical and optical properties, making them highly suitable for use as efficient electrodes in photovoltaic devices. Experimental Indium tin oxide (ITO) films with thicknesses ranging from 230 to 370 nm were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (rfMS). Quartz substrates (commercially

• samples were measured with a thickness monitor, provided by a quartz crystal as a basic transducer. The crystal is excited in mechanical motion with an external oscillator. When the film reaches the preprogrammed thickness value, the shutter located above the target automatically closes. After deposition

• predefined thickness values. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations (FEI Quanta) were performed to observe the structures and morphology of the deposited surfaces. Given that the thickness of the quartz substrate is much greater than that of the ITO conductive film, a thin layer of gold was

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• homogeneous air-sensitive thin films, characterized by using ellipsometry, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), in situ quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning electron microscopy, was observed. Lithium hydride diffraction peaks have been observed in as-deposited films by GIXRD. X-ray photoelectron

• chemistry, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system was installed behind the exit of the deposition setup with tubing of minimal length (2 cm), effectively allowing the deposition to occur on the QCM crystal as well. The waste pumped out of the QCM chamber was immediately neutralized with ethanol

• scan speed was changed as necessary. Ellipsometry measurements were performed using SENTECH SENpro ellipsometer, using the included halogen lamp. Frequency measurements on a quartz crystal were performed in situ using an OpenQCM module at 10 MHz. Results and Discussion Structure and possible reaction

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• the surface of the quartz tube and on quartz substrates (Figure 1a,b). The diameter of the nanowires ranged between 15 and 150 nm (Figure 1c). SnO2 nanopowder synthesis The precipitation method, reported in [30], was used to synthesize nanodispersed tin dioxide. Tin(II) acetate was dissolved in

Highly ordered mesoporous silica film nanocomposites containing gold nanoparticles for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

• Mohamad Azani Jalani,
• Leny Yuliati,
• Siew Ling Lee and
• Hendrik O. Lintang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1368–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.135

• Mettler-Toledo TGA/SDTA851e device at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. For the fabrication, the sol–gel solution was spin-coated on a quartz plate using a Laurell spin coater, model WS-400-6NPP-LITE. Calcination was carried out under atmospheric conditions using a Nabertherm model LE6/11 muffle furnace

• (ICP-OES) on an Agilent model 700 series spectrometer where the samples were digested in 5 wt % aqua regia. The catalytic performance was studied via a Shimadzu DR UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV-2600) under liquid set-up with the fast scanning method using a standard 3 mL quartz cell. Fabrication of