Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• effective localization of the incident photon energy, and the decay of this oscillation (through phenomena such as electron–electron, electron–phonon, and electron–surface scattering) releases the absorbed energy into the lattice as heat (or as photons), often making them efficient tunable PT energy

• materials [24][25]. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a material can lead to absorption, transmission, or scattering. Regarding scattering, elastic and inelastic scattering are the major classifications. Elastic scattering means conservation of the photon energy, in inelastic scattering, there

• are processes other than complete absorption through which photon energy can be transferred to a material. Elastic scattering is not relevant for PT applications as there is no transfer of energy into the material for heating. Absorption/inelastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation can lead to

The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy

• Yao Yao,
• Yeongun Ko,
• Grant Grasman,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30

• may arise from strong associations between carrier and payload [57]. Without careful deconvolution, the scattering signal from a particulate analyte can readily result in a high bias that compromises UV–vis-based analyses. Ambiguity can further be enhanced in fluorescence assays because of the

• determination of particle potency (NAT per NP). Other multiexperiment options, though time-consuming, may allow for the proper level of NP characterization. For example, the use of multi-angle light scattering [63], gravimetric analysis, and particle counting, if used in a concerted approach, can provide size

• , specifically for dose/particle calculations. Lastly, a volume or mass distribution should be presented. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is often be used for the inspection of aqueous suspensions with results bedeviled by the normal constraints of DLS and ensemble detection [64]. Both disc centrifugation and

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• diameter dE = 50 ± 12 nm (estimated by cryo-TEM), whereas the diameter of the derived PLGA nanoparticles (dP) was 25 ± 7 nm as estimated from TEM [24], which gives a dP/dE ratio of 0.5. Higher dP/dE ratios were found by dynamic light scattering, especially at low polymer concentrations (note that the

• decreased with O/S ratio. The hydrodynamic diameter of the nanoemulsion droplets as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was ca. 200 nm. It should be pointed out that ethyl acetate is a polar oil, and that the ethyl acetate/water interfacial tension is low (6.8 mN/m [41]). Usually, the excess

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• photocatalysts has no further effect on the degradation efficiency. More active sites are provided in the effluent solution with the addition of more photocatalysts to the treatment reactor, which favours the production of more photoinduced carriers. The turbidity of the solution as well as the light scattering

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• scattering (DLS). The efficiency of the self-assembly was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, and qualitative visual demonstration. Results and Discussion SiBP alone as catalyst Reaction kinetics were studied via OD measurements of the particles and GC analysis of

Spin dynamics in superconductor/ferromagnetic insulator hybrid structures with precessing magnetization

• Yaroslav V. Turkin and
• Nataliya Pugach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 233–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.22

• . In metals, such a penetration is limited by the spin flip scattering, while inside the superconductor, the spin relaxation time is usually much longer. Thus, induced magnetization and spin current in our problem are determined mainly by the competition between spin singlet and spin triplet orders [34

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• GNPs, the scattering increases in relation to the absorption [30]. Also, with an increase in the concentration of GNPs, the absorption of the incident radiation occurs predominantly in the first few layers of the suspension [31], and there may be interparticle coupling of plasmon reponses, which can be

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• exponential function excluding the initial part influenced by light scattering, fluorescence, and the formation of singlet oxygen from excited states of CQDs. Singlet oxygen generation was investigated by UV–vis probe measurements of solutions of 1,3- diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) ethanol (20 µM) as well [52

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• Nanostructured noble metal thin films are highly studied for their interesting plasmonic properties. The latter can be effectively used for the detection of small and highly diluted molecules by the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. Regardless of impressive detection limits achieved, synthesis

• cost-efficient methods. Compared to in-lab standard methods used for pollutant analysis (i.e., chromatography and mass spectrometry), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensors have emerged as important candidates due to their rapidity, portability, and cost-effectiveness [1][2]. These SERS

• energy of 23 eV. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements Raman measurements were performed with a Senterra Bruker micro-Raman spectrometer using a 533 nm excitation laser line with an acquisition time of 10 s. The power was fixed to 0.2 mW and focused on the sample with a ×50 objective. Rhodamine

Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Horst Hahn and
• Vladimir Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9

• scattering times has been carried out [27]. In addition, the volume also highlights some other interesting effects in S/F functional nanostructures, which may be implemented in future spintronics devices. The concept of this thematic issue was developed during the International SPINTECH Conference “NANO-2021

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• two effects is given in the theory by the Maki parameter [19][22]. Alternatively, it could be convenient to express α in terms of normal-state properties [19][22][23]. In this case, α = 3/(2kF) [24] where kF is the Fermi wave vector and is the mean free path. If spin–orbit scattering is also taken

• limit and assuming that spin–orbit scattering is negligible with respect to spin-independent scattering, the temperature dependence of Hc2 is given by the implicit equation [19] where t = T/Tc, . λso = ℏ/(3πkBTcτso) with τso being the mean free time for spin–orbit scattering. We have used Equation 1

The influence of structure and local structural defects on the magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 23–33, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.3

• with a real structure has a less stable spin temperature behavior. The variation of this parameter in the range of 3–25 K indicates greater scattering and amplified oscillations of instantaneous values compared to those of the ideal structure case. Another macroscopic, but dependent on each atom

• values near the average thermostat target value. The system with the real structure has a less stable behavior of the spin temperature and a larger scattering of instantaneous values, which may indicate a less energetically stable state of the nanomaterial. Analyses of simulation results show that for

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• , and composition via several techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effect of unsaturated oleic (OA) and

• diameter, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (Malvern Zetasizer Nano S, Palaiseau, France) were used. Transmission electron microscopy observations were conducted using a JEOL JEM 2100 HR microscope (Croissy Sur Seine, France) equipped with a LaB6 source, and

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• crystalline improvement leads to less light scattering in the metal layer [29][30]. Moreover, laser annealing reduces the defects, including grain boundaries and impurities, reducing light scattering and photon–electron interactions [29][30][31]. The optical bandgap energy Eg of ITO/Mo thin film was studied

From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Emily Roche and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1572–1577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.131

• electron gas (2DEG) is that standing waves can be observed near defects as a result of scattering [13]. Sabitova et al. [11] acquired dI/dV images at various voltages above 0.6 V and observed wave-like patterns around the defects. We reproduced these measurements as can be seen in Figure S1, Supporting

• behaviour as seen in the PTCDA/Ag(111) interface state. We identify a state that appears to be an array of one-dimensional quantum wells based on its shape in the dI/dV spatial maps. However, we do not observe scattering at defects and conclude that it is localized laterally at the PTCDA molecules. Methods

• . Supporting Information The Supporting Information includes methods, scattering in a PTCDA island, raw data for Figure 2, additional dI/dV data, and locations of spectra taken in Figure 3. Supporting Information File 98: Additional experimental data. Acknowledgements We wish to acknowledge J. Lupton for

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• aqueous suspension. The mixture was vortexed for 30 s and further sonicated for 10 min to obtain AB-LNPs. Characterization of AB-LNPs The size distributions and zeta potentials were measured using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique on Malvern Zetasizer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Ultraviolet

• monodispersity of Au-LNPs. Au-LNPs and AB-LNPs exhibited the Tyndall light-scattering effect, but free BDP did not show the Tyndall effect (Figure 1a), which further proving the successful formation of AB-LNPs. The optical spectra of AB-LNPs and free BDP are shown in Figure 1b. AB-LNPs showed no absorption peak

Density of states in the presence of spin-dependent scattering in SF bilayers: a numerical and analytical approach

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Valeriia D. Pashkovskaia,
• Nikita A. Parkhomenko,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Boris G. Lvov,
• Alexander A. Golubov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1418–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.117

• –orbit scattering. For practical reasons, we propose the analytical solution for the density of states in SF bilayers in the case of a thin ferromagnet and low transparency of the SF interface. This solution is confirmed by numerical calculations using a self-consistent two-step iterative method. The

• behavior of DOS dependencies on magnetic and spin–orbit scattering times is discussed. Keywords: density of states; Josephson junctions; proximity effect; superconductivity; superconductor/ferromagnet hybrid nanostructures; Introduction It is well-known that superconductivity can be induced in a non

• sophisticated DOS structure since there is a non-zero exchange field, which causes spin-split densities of states for two spin populations of electrons [1][2][3][81]. More general considerations should also include possible spin-flips as well as spin–orbit scattering processes in the ferromagnetic region [82

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• efficiently encapsulated in the NPs. In addition, SEM micrographs were interpreted to be in accordance with the mean particle size data measured with the dynamic light scattering. Determination of drug loading capacity The rate of drug encapsulation is one of the important characterization parameters that

• phase for the blank PLGA nanoparticles. In vitro characterization of the nanoparticles Mean particle size and surface charge Mean particle size (nm), PDI, and zeta potential (mV) of the NPs were investigated by dynamic light scattering (DLS; Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS series, UK) with a disposable

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• -inflammatory, and anticancer). The physicochemical characterization of the supramolecular assembly (nanoGSP) in terms of size and colloidal stability was investigated by complementary spectroscopic techniques, such as UV–vis, ζ-potential, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the role of PolyCD

• -potential), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Experimental data suggested a multiple set of interactions between Pent and nanoGS that involves mainly the CD cavities. The biological profile of nanoG, nanoGS, and nanoGSP has been evaluated in terms of antileishmanial activity and cytotoxicity by in vitro

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• scattering in this temperature range. At lower temperatures, the electronic conduction is dominated by nearest-neighbor hopping (NNH) conduction in the acceptor band, with a small activation energy ENNH ≈ 0.6 meV and an acceptor concentration of NA ≈ 1 × 1016 cm−3. These results demonstrate the enhanced

• the mobility is mainly limited by phonon scattering at high temperatures, α is close to 3/2 [33][34]. Nveff is the effective density of states of the valence band, EA is the shallow acceptor ionization energy [33], and kB is Boltzmann’s constant. At lower temperatures, most of the free holes are

• , respectively, was found, demonstrating strong scattering by phonons in this temperature range. At lower temperatures, the electronic conduction is dominated by NNH in the acceptor band with a low activation energy ENNH ≈ 0.59 meV for both NWs. These values of ENNH correspond to a concentration of acceptors of

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• Raman enhanced scattering (SERS) probes and used them to detect bisphenol A (BPA) in water. The experimental results showed that the colloidal fiber probes could detect 10−8 M BPA in water. This method of preparing colloidal fibers is simple and easy to operate and can be prepared on a large scale

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• synthesize luminescent CDs. The surface functionalities were determined using small-angle neutron scattering, in which incident neutrons interact elastically with the specimen and give information about the surface and mass of the specimen [14]. Empty fruit bunch carboxymethylcellulose as carbon source and

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• kinetic state (high kinetic state means high electron temperature) and generating heat through electron–electron and electron–lattice scattering, which suppresses the laser output. And such a compression can be explained by the hot electron backfilling effect [20][24][25], which is caused by an increase

• electrons to the conduction band, and obtain the electron number of each subband of the conduction band by solving the partial rate equations (PRE) [17]. Whether the scattering rate and electron population of each subband can be further calculated by the FRE is judged by whether or not the electrons of each

• laser energy level as described in Equation 11, and finally the scattering rate and number of electrons in each subband are obtained. The number of photoexcited electrons, which is closely related to the number and area density of photons, forms the basis of the subsequent numerical calculation. When

Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps

• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Vladimir A. Frost,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80

• the planar geometry at 0 < ε < Δ, the Andreev current is expressed as [7][18]: The parameterized Green's function, was calculated using the Uzadel equation [19] with Kupriyanov–Lukichev boundary conditions [20], taking into account the decay of a state with a wave vector k due to spin scattering Here

• , τm is the magnetic scattering parameter that is found from the fit. W = W0ξ0/d is the effective tunneling parameter for planar tunnel junctions used in our CEB, W0 = R(ξ0)/RN is the tunneling parameter, RN is the normal resistance of the junction, and R(ξ0) is the resistance of Al/Fe absorber with

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• inhomogeneities cause spin-flip and pairing wave function damping, thus, reducing the magnitude of the Josephson critical current. Small-scale inhomogeneities are difficult to detect with either conventional neutron-scattering methods [34] or with the stationary magneto-optical Kerr/Faraday effect and

• ferromagnetic resonance techniques (the latter two, because of the large scale, yield volume-averaged signals). Resonant magnetic small-angle X-ray scattering applied to Pd1−xFex alloy films with x = 0.03–0.07 revealed static magnetic fluctuations on the lateral scale of about 100 nm attributed to the magnetic