Search results
Search for "solvent" in Full Text gives 660 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62
- microscopy (HR-TEM, JEOL JEM-2100F) were conducted for morphology and particle size investigation. A well-blended mixture of active material, conductive carbon C65, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) binder with a mass ratio of 75:15:10 in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent was used for fabricating the working
A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56
- sonicated in ethanol and rinsed with DI water to remove surface impurities. The GQDs-based ink was prepared in a glass vial with four components, that is 15 mg activated charcoal as a conductivity enhancer, 15 mg GQDs as modifying agent, 25 µL Nafion as binder, and 1 mL isopropyl alcohol as solvent. All
Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52
- when synthesising MOFs for optical sensing applications. Note that phosphorescence, which is typically relatively weak at ambient temperature due to solvent quenching and self-quenching of the long-lived excited state, constitutes the majority of lanthanide luminescence. The possibility of solvent
Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44
- [39][40]. Besides, graphene films deposited on cellulose paper and a graphene/cellulose composite were also reported as a solvent sensor material [30][33]. However, most of these works rely on cellulose as a paper substrate or as a thick composite film that cannot be readily employed for large-scale
- analysis for these systems. The sensor was able to distinguish the three cases, demonstrating both robustness and sensitiveness of the MFC/MWCNT composite as a low-concentration oil sensor. Organic solvent recognition The MFC/MWCNT transducer was also evaluated for the recognition of organic solvents. The
- electrical responses to DI water, isopropyl alcohol, toluene, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, and acetone are shown in Figure 3a. We set the device temperature to 55 °C to prevent instantaneous evaporation of the more volatile solvents. All solvent measurements were performed on the same MFC/MWCNT transducer
Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36
- solvent casting/particle leaching process. Then, the polymeric photothermal material PANI nanowires were cross-linked to the p-PEGDA hydrogels. This manufacturing process is simple, time-saving, and cost-effective (Figure 7a). The strong absorption capability of PANI was verified by its absorption
Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33
New trends in nanobiotechnology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32
- morphology, yield and monodispersity. The introduction of a deep eutectic solvent as a cost-effective and green solvent was reviewed, where the usage of these solvents enabled the extraction and formation of desired nanostructures. The work also records the advantages and disadvantages of wet chemical
- reduction methods which use surfactants, and explores the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of the synthesized anisotropic nanoparticles. A portion of the work looks into the possible integration of nanotechnology in deep eutectic solvent extractions and also the use of carrageenan as a safe stabilizing
The steep road to nonviral nanomedicines: Frequent challenges and culprits in designing nanoparticles for gene therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 351–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.30
- comparison within different batches, formulations, particle types, and standards. For particle systems that do not exist in a solid state, cryo-TEM or submersion AFM can offer alternative routes. These measurements will provide high-resolution particle distributions for in-solvent particles, though they may
- will be critical to obtaining detailed dosing information [66]. While tunable resistive pulse sensing will also provide similar information, it is less utilized and less understood than the methods listed above [67]. As a final note, it is also recommended that both an “as used” solvent and a reference
- solvent are used (e.g., deionized/polished deionized water or common buffer) allowing for comparison to other studies. Regarding standard practices, ASTM E3247 provides excellent advice for the assessment of monodisperse samples by DLS with a focus of accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and bias in
Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29
- experimental values of dE. Nanoemulsions are versatile templates for the preparation of polymer nanoparticles [21]. To formulate nanoemulsions of predefined aqueous and solvent–polymer or monomer (oil) phases, it is crucial to choose the right surfactant. Also, a careful study of the phase behavior of
- formulate a hydrophobic (oil) phase with the polymer of choice dissolved in a volatile solvent. Then, the volatile solvent can be evaporated from the nanoemulsion droplets under vacuum (that is, at relatively low temperature), and polymer nanoparticles are obtained in the suspension. It is to be noted that
- the solvent can also be removed by selective diffusion [22]. The emulsion solvent evaporation method enables the use of biocompatible polymers, thermolabile compounds, and low-toxicity surfactants. The nanoparticle size can be tuned by formulation parameters and since the nanoparticles are directly
Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26
- pure Bi2WO6 (82.8%), the dopant significantly increased the tetracycline-degrading activity, which reached 94.6% within 1 h of visible light irradiation. Additionally, Irfan et al. [148] used a bi-solvent sol–gel technique to synthesise porous bismuth ferrite nanostructures with various morphological
Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25
- + 1 mM SiBP had a ζ potential of −30.87 mV. At the meniscus where the solvent dries out, the decreased surface charge reduces the distance between the particles, enabling them to assemble into more ordered and close-packed structures. Angular dependence of the Bragg reflections and the uniformity of
- the solvent, and NH3 (Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc, Waltham, MA, USA) was used as the catalyst. Briefly, the Stöber process involves hydrolysis of an alkoxysilane precursor, such as TEOS, in alcohol (typically methanol or ethanol) in the presence of a catalyst. This is followed by ethanol or water
- hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane, Equation 4 is polymerization via alcohol condensation, and Equation 5 is polymerization via water condensation. The reaction solvent was prepared by mixing equal volumes of gradient grade (≥99.9%) ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) and deionized water (or a solution of the
Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8
- solvent, namely butanone. Butanone is volatile and has a boiling point of approximately 80 °C, making it the easiest medium to remove after exfoliation of the four employed here. Also, unlike other organic solvents commonly used in LPE, for example, NMP or dimethylformamide (DMF), that have a higher
Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6
- patch made of grafted polystyrene chains. The multistage synthesis allows for a fine control of the patch-to-particle size ratio from 0.23 to 0.57. The assembly of the patchy nanoparticles can be triggered by reducing the solvent quality for the polystyrene chains. Dimers or trimers can be obtained by
- by liquid bridging [23], and into a series of structures under an AC electric field [24]. The linear self-assembly of patchy gold nanorods tethered with hydrophobic polymer chains at both ends can be triggered by solvophobic attractions induced by a change in solvent quality [25]. By using post
- -assembly ligand photo-cross-linking [26] or by adding monofunctional nanospheres into a suspension of bifunctional gold nanorods [27], it has been shown that the average degree of polymerization of the resulting chains can be controlled. The reduction of solvent quality may also be employed to induce the
Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2
- obtained in a solvent with a high boiling point via displacement reaction of acetylacetone with a higher acid from Fe(III) acetylacetonate during its elimination from the reaction mixture under vacuum conditions. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPM) were characterized in terms of morphology, hydrodynamic diameter
- 250–320 °C in the presence of oleic acid and a solvent with a high boiling point [22]. We found no publications about the two-step single-reactor synthesis of iron oxide NPM by thermal decomposition in which Fe(III) acetylacetonate can be used as starting compound for the synthesis of alkanoates
- followed by their thermolysis in solution. This work aims to develop the synthesis of NPM dispersions by thermolysis of Fe(III) oleate or Fe(III) undecylate in a high-boiling-point solvent. Iron oxide nanoparticle dispersions were obtained via two-stage single-reactor synthesis with Fe(III) acetylacetonate
Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128
- amount of solvent until complete dissolution, then the solvent was added in the required amount, and the solution was kept for another day in the dark. For fabrication of films of various thicknesses, solutions of polymers in cyclohexanone with concentrations of 0.1–15 wt % were used. The polymer
- solution of specified concentration was applied onto the dielectric substrate fixed on a centrifuge holder. The rotation speed was typically 2000 rpm. The resulting polymer film was dried in air for about 45–60 min at room temperature. Then the final drying was carried out to remove solvent residues at a
Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115
- appears to be the primary problem and requires the addition of a co-solvent and/or a surfactant (ethanol/polysorbate 80) to the formulations [32][36]. However, results such as acute hypersensitivity reactions and decreased clinical efficacy have been reported due to auxiliary components such as Cremophor
Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109
- manufacturing time and the batch nature of production. For the hydrothermal technique, there is a danger of nanoparticle leakage, primarily in water, and the risk of toxic solvent emissions. Su et al. [54] reported the first hydrothermal fabrication of Bi5O7Br. Bi5O7Br rods of 50 μm length and 2 μm width were
Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104
- stabilize carbon nanotube fibers. Slattery et al. [41] prepared carbon nanotube probes by solvent evaporation or dielectrophoresis, the first time a solvent evaporation method was used. From the 13 probes produced using these methods, the CNT-modified nanomaterials showed very high aspect ratios and good
- ethanol solvent. The colloidal particles in the suspension can self-assemble into two- and three-dimensional colloidal crystals of various shapes under certain conditions. In the process of self-assembly, such fibrous colloidal crystals are small in size and usually micrometer in length due to the weak
Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98
- techniques can be also used to prepare molds for the micromolding method. Micromolding, also known as solvent casting, is quite popular due to cost-effectiveness and simplicity. This method uses a mold usually made of silicone. The prepared mold is filled with a polymer solution or mixture. Then, air voids
- coated the microneedle matrix with a mixture of the drug with PVP and ethanol. Then, after evaporation of the solvent and solidification of the polymer with the drug, demolding was performed. In vivo studies on an animal model (rat) showed rapid in vitro drug release with 93% accumulative release at 2 h
Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93
- –31G diffused and polarized basis sets. An excellent agreement was found between theoretical data and experimental results [73]. An ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction approach was employed to synthesize CDs from rice fried Codonopsis pilosula (CP). The CP-CDs possess good sensitivity and
- solvent casting process after the ACMCDs were supported by silver nanoparticles, employing them as both a reducing agent and a template. The nanocomposite antibacterial film is anticipated to have a lot of potential applications such as food packaging, water purification, and disinfecting sanitary
Design of a biomimetic, small-scale artificial leaf surface for the study of environmental interactions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 944–957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.83
- of structures that often do not correspond to the original wax type [20][42]. Due to the ring-shaped accumulation and the resulting pattern, this effect is called the “coffee drop effect” [47][48]. This undesirable effect can be avoided by the solvent-free process of physical vapor deposition (PVD
- (ROTILABO type 113A, 110 mm diameter, Carl Roth GmbH und Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany). The filtrate was finally dried under a fume hood until the solvent was completely evaporated. The recrystallization of wax structures on clean glass (cover glass, 18 × 18 mm) was carried out by PVD, resulting in a wax
Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70
- average molecular weight (AMW) and weight concentration in anisole, to be deposited by spin coating. Optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed that the amount of PMMA residues on transferred graphene is proportional to the AMW and concentration in the solvent. At the same time, the mechanical
Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP15 nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69
- -red KP15 bulks were finally obtained. Liquid exfoliation For the liquid-exfoliation process, 1 mg of KP15 was mixed in 20 mL of solvent and ultrasonically processed at a power of 80 W in an ice bath for 6 h, followed by centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 20 min. For the samples with predetermined
- ; δP is the intermolecular polar force; δA,D, δA,P, δA,H are the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) of the solute; and δB,D, δB,P, δB,H are the HSPs of the solvent. Therefore, to get a high concentration of KP15 in dispersion, the HSPs of the solvent for the exfoliation of KP15 should be close to
- those of KP15. A weighted average method was used to calculate the HSPs of KP15. The concentration of KP15 was used as a weight factor for each suspension. This way, the HSPs of KP15 can be expressed according to Equation 2 [19]. where δi,sol are the HSPs of the solvent and C is the concentration of the
Gelatin nanoparticles with tunable mechanical properties: effect of crosslinking time and loading
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 778–787, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.68
- 3000 HPLC System (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) with a quaternary pump, a column oven, a LichroSphere® 100 RP 18 column (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), and a UV–vis detector. The mobile phase consisted of solvent A: 10% acetonitrile, 90% MiIli-Q® water and 0.1% trifluoro acetic acid and
Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67
- temperature. In some parts of the photonic balls, the particles were attached tightly. However, even in this case, voids still could not be avoided. Monocrystalline coordination polymers were also dispersed in a solvent containing a polydimethylsiloxane (Figure 7b) [139]. The mixed solution was cast at liquid
- –liquid or air–liquid interfaces. After evaporation of the solvent, the monocrystalline coordination polymers were packed by the condensed polymer, forming free-standing films. The coordination polymers could also be grown on 1D polyimide fibers first [140]. Then, the 1D fibers could self-assemble into
- of solvent continuously arranged the particles. However, due to a non-uniform distribution of the suspension on the surface and the difference in local evaporation and flow condition, cracks could form between micrometer-sized domains (Figure 7c) [141]. The crack propagation and periodicity could be
Other Beilstein-Institut Open Science Activities
