Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• micropollutants was studied on the sample with the highest surface area (NFM-1.5%). Adsorption test was performed on a 15 × 15 cm2 stainless steel (SS-316) membrane test module connected to a peristaltic pump. A solution with CTC concentration of 200 ppb in milli-Q water was pumped at a flux of 3 mL/cm2·h into

High performance Ce-doped ZnO nanorods for sunlight-driven photocatalysis

• Bilel Chouchene,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Lavinia Balan,
• Emilien Girot,
• Kevin Mozet,
• Ghouti Medjahdi and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1338–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.125

• Structural and optical characterizations of Ce-doped ZnO rods Ce-doped ZnO rods have been synthesized by a solvothermal method in a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave at 160 °C for 24 h using Zn(OAc)2 and Ce2(SO4)3 as starting reagents (Scheme 1). Figure 1a shows the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• 20 mL (183 mmol) of benzylamine (purified by redistillation (99.5%), Aldrich). The reaction mixture was transferred into a stainless steel autoclave and carefully sealed. Thereafter, the autoclave was taken out of the glove box and heated in a furnace at 300 °C for 2 days. The resulting milky

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• Ar atmosphere for 1 h. For characterization, the rGO films were peeled off with stainless steel tweezers. Characterization The structure and morphology were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 2010 and HR-TEM, JEOL ARM 200F), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM

Thermo-voltage measurements of atomic contacts at low temperature

• Ayelet Ofarim,
• Bastian Kopp,
• Thomas Möller,
• León Martin,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 767–775, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.68

• junction substrates bronze or stainless steel [18][23][24]. Kapton Cirlex is an electrically insulating and optically opaque material based on polyimide. We use a thickness of 500 µm chosen such that it is mechanically robust yet giving flexibility across a wide temperature range down to 4 K and is thus

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• formation is about 2000 °C. At this temperature, the electrodes evaporate carbon, forming soot that contains fullerenes, which then condenses on the cool walls of a reactor made of stainless steel or Pyrex [28]. Typically the concentration of fullerenes found in the soot is about 15% (≈13% C60 and ≈2% C70

Electrochemical behavior of polypyrrol/AuNP composites deposited by different electrochemical methods: sensing properties towards catechol

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Cristina Medina-Plaza,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• Yolanda Blanco,
• José Antonio de Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2052–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.209

• , electrodeposition was carried out through galvanostatic and potentiostatic methods and using platinum (Pt) or stainless steel (SS) as substrates. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that in all cases gold nanoparticles of similar size were uniformly dispersed in the Ppy matrix. The amount of AuNPs

• effects are not so pronounced on stainless steel, but acceptable LOD are attained with lower price sensors. Keywords: catechol; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; gold nanoparticles (AuNPs); polypyrrole; Introduction Polypyrrole (Ppy) is one of the most extensively studied, conducting polymers

• carried out onto classical platinum electrodes and on stainless steel substrates. This aspect could play a crucial role not only in the structure, properties and performance of the sensor but also in the final price. The structure and sensing properties of voltammetric sensors modified with Ppy/AuNPs

Conductance through single biphenyl molecules: symmetric and asymmetric coupling to electrodes

• Karthiga Kanthasamy and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1690–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.171

• show that there is clear coupling between end groups and interaction over the whole molecule, so that there is still fairly high conductance through this asymmetric biphenyl molecule. Experimental A flexible stainless steel sheet (200 μm thick) coated with an insulating polyimide layer is used as a

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• solutions. This was then transferred to a glass syringe with a stainless steel needle (inner diameter ≈0.4 mm) for electrospinning. The distance and voltage from the tip of needle to the collector were set at 20 cm and 17 kV, respectively. The feeding rate of the emulsion was set at 0.5 mL/h. After

Pt- and Pd-decorated MWCNTs for vapour and gas detection at room temperature

• Hamdi Baccar,
• Atef Thamri,
• Pierrick Clément,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 919–927, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.95

• bubbler were used to generate reproducible concentrations of the different volatile compounds tested. Calibrated gas bottles connected to the mass flow meters were used to generate reproducible concentrations of the gas studied. These were coupled to a stainless steel sensor chamber (35 cm3 volume), which

Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications

• Saban Kalay,
• Zehra Yilmaz,
• Ozlem Sen,
• Melis Emanet,
• Emine Kazanc and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9

• ]. This makes BNNTs useful additives to increase stability against the oxidation of surfaces [4]. Due to their highly hydrophobic character, BNNTs were also used to prepare super hydrophobic surfaces [8][9]. A hydrophobic surface was prepared by the synthesis of BNNTs on the surface of a stainless steel

• °C. The diameter of the synthesized BNNTs was the same as the pore size diameter of the aluminum oxide template. The BNNTs were synthesized in a stainless steel autoclave at 380 °C from amorphous boron, NaN3, and CH3CN for 14 h. The obtained product was washed with ethanol, dried and a 5% BNNTs yield

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• constraints to cell hardware due to the high transmission of neutrons though end- and bipolar plates, which are usually made of stainless steel and graphite. The attenuation of the neutrons originates mainly from hydrogen and hydrogenous compounds such as phosphoric acid. The first neutron radiography study

Controlling the dispersion of supported polyoxometalate heterogeneous catalysts: impact of hybridization and the role of hydrophilicity–hydrophobicity balance and supramolecularity

• Gijo Raj,
• Colas Swalus,
• Eglantine Arendt,
• Pierre Eloy,
• Michel Devillers and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.185

• , and the hybrid materials were imaged by using an etched Si tapping mode cantilever of the TESP type (Bruker AFM probes), having a nominal radius of curvature of 8 nm. Samples were glued on a magnetic stainless steel disc by using double-sided adhesive tape before mounting on to the “J” type

• ) equipped with a monochromatised Al X-ray source (powered at 10 mA and 15 kV) and an eight-channeltrons detector. The samples were fixed on a standard stainless steel multi-specimen holder by using a piece of double-sided insulating tape. The pressure in the analysis chamber was approximately 10−6 Pa. The

Silica nanoparticles are less toxic to human lung cells when deposited at the air–liquid interface compared to conventional submerged exposure

• Alicja Panas,
• Andreas Comouth,
• Harald Saathoff,
• Thomas Leisner,
• Marco Al-Rawi,
• Michael Simon,
• Gunnar Seemann,
• Olaf Dössel,
• Sonja Mülhopt,
• Hanns-Rudolf Paur,
• Susanne Fritsch-Decker,
• Carsten Weiss and
• Silvia Diabaté

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1590–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.171

• chambers (VITROCELL Systems GmbH, Waldkirch). Two stainless steel modules were equipped with three Transwell® inserts of 24 mm membrane diameter. To increase the deposition efficiency an almost homogeneous electrical field with an axial strength of 500 V·mm−1 was applied. Determination of the dose In order

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• , mammalian cells and bacteria are considered. Keywords: albumin; gold-silver; implant alloy; laser ablation; nickel-titanium; size control; wear debris; Introduction The widespread use of medical implants consisting of metals (e.g., gold coatings [1]) and alloys (e.g., NiTi, CoCr, stainless steel) [2][3][4

• been addressed in the literature, though the fabrication of FeOx [130][131][132] as well as NiFe [30] and FePt [133] alloys nanoparticles has been reported. Recently, PLAL was applied to fabricate nanoparticles from austentic stainless steel samples in water, with bulk target compositions Fe 65–75%, Cr

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143

• oxidation was 1.7, 2.2 and 2.3 V (vs Mg) on platinum, stainless steel and glassy carbon electrodes, respectively. As the borohydride electrolytes are not corrosive, these stability trends are opposite of those observed for other magnesium electrolytes. The higher stability of the borohydride on a non-noble

• [34]. Unfortunately, the MgCl2 electrolytes were found to be very corrosive; i.e., stability on stainless steel was as low as 1.8 V vs Mg [34]. What is notable about the Mg(HMDS)2:AlCl3 and MgCl2:AlCl3 systems is that the in situ products exhibited wide electrochemical windows and high electrochemical

• reported for 0.35 M (HMDS)2Mg–2AlCl3 in diglyme solution where high oxidative stability above 3.5 V vs Mg was obtained. Interestingly, the electrolyte stability measured on a stainless steel electrode was 0.4 V higher than that of a similar system in tetrahydrofuran (2.2 V vs Mg) [8]. At this time, all the

Surface processes during purification of InP quantum dots

• Natalia Mordvinova,
• Pavel Emelin,
• Alexander Vinokurov,
• Sergey Dorofeev,
• Artem Abakumov and
• Tatiana Kuznetsova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1220–1225, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.135

• acetone were separated by centrifugation and re-dissolved in toluene. Electrophoresis was carried out in acetone in an U-shaped quartz tube, the distance between two electrodes is 10 cm. The QDs were placed near the cathode and deposited on the anode made of stainless steel at the voltage of 1 kV and were

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• as an electrode. A stainless steel wire was used as another electrode by inserting it into the droplet. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 4. The applied voltage was generated by a power amplifier (model 50, Ling-Altec Electronics Inc.) which amplifies an electrical signal generated by a

Effects of the preparation method on the structure and the visible-light photocatalytic activity of Ag₂CrO₄

• Difa Xu,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Jinfeng Zhang,
• Bei Cheng and
• Jiaguo Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 658–666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.77

• prepared by precipitation method was loaded into a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave with a capacity of 100 mL, sealed, heated to and maintained at 160 °C for 16 h, and subsequently cooled to room temperature naturally. All the samples were collected and washed by centrifugation–redispersion cycles

One-step synthesis of high quality kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals – a hydrothermal approach

• Vincent Tiing Tiong,
• John Bell and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 438–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.51

• experimental procedure, 0.2 mmol of CuCl2·2H2O, 0.1 mmol of ZnCl2, 0.1 mmol of SnCl4·5H2O, 0.5 mmol of Na2S·9H2O and 18 μL of TGA were dissolved in 34 mL of Milli-Q water under vigorous magnetic stirring. The solution was then transferred to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave (Parr Instrument Company) of

Dye-sensitized Pt@TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for the efficient photocatalytic generation of hydrogen

• Jun Fang,
• Lisha Yin,
• Shaowen Cao,
• Yusen Liao and
• Can Xue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 360–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.41

• hydrothermal method. Typically, 15 mL solution of the as-prepared 30 nm Pt nanoparticles was mixed with 4.5 mL aqueous solution of TiF4 (0.04 M). The mixture was kept stirring for 10 min, diluted into 80 mL DI water, and then transferred into a 100 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave, which was treated

Study of mesoporous CdS-quantum-dot-sensitized TiO₂ films by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and AFM

• Mohamed N. Ghazzal,
• Robert Wojcieszak,
• Gijo Raj and
• Eric M. Gaigneaux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 68–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.6

• nominal curvature radius of 8 nm were used for imaging under ambient conditions (23 °C and 56% relative humidity). Samples were glued onto a magnetic stainless steel disc by using double-face adhesive tape and mounted on the "J" type piezoelectric scanner. The tapping engage set point was set to 1 in

• . For Kratos measurements, (i) sample powders were pressed into small stainless steel troughs mounted on a multi specimen holder; (ii) the C−(C,H) component of the C 1s peak of adventitious carbon was fixed to 284.8 eV to set the binding energy scale; (iii) the data were analyzed using the CasaXPS

Preparation of NiS/ZnIn₂S₄ as a superior photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

• Liang Wei,
• Yongjuan Chen,
• Jialin Zhao and
• Zhaohui Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 949–955, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.107

• ) were dispersed in 70 mL of de-ionized water by stirring and ultra-sonication for 2 h. The resultant solution was transferred to a 100 mL Teflon liner, sealed in the stainless steel autoclave and heated at 120 °C for 4 h. After the autoclave was cooled to room temperature, the product was collected and

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• used with different fluorine to carbon ratios, which correspond to x in the reaction equation. The synthesis of the C–FeF2 nanocomposites was performed in a tubular stainless steel reactor with metal fittings (VCR®). In a typical synthesis, 0.25 g graphite fluoride (CF0.5, CF0.7, CF1.0, Alfa Aesar, 99

• and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in the mass ratio 90:10. A slurry containing the above mixture was prepared by using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. It was spread on a stainless steel (SS) foil (area: 1.13 cm2) and dried on hot plate at 160 °C for 12 h. Typically, each electrode contained 3–4 mg of

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

• Raju Prakash,
• Katharina Fanselau,
• Shuhua Ren,
• Tapan Kumar Mandal,
• Christian Kübel,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

• in a carbon framework. The material could be used directly as anode and yielded a stable capacity. In a typical synthesis, Fe(CO)5 was sealed into a closed stainless steel Swagelok-type reactor under argon atmosphere as described previously [14]. The reactor was placed horizontally inside the home