Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• current (EBIC) in a thin cross plane lamella of the junction. In the J–V characteristics, the polaronic nature of the charge carriers is exhibited mainly by the temperature dependence of the microscopic parameters, such as the hopping mobility of the series resistance and a colossal electro-resistance

• different charge carrier nature is needed. A simple equivalent circuit can be set up, where in addition to the diode, a parallel resistance, RP, and a series resistance, RS, is added. The temperature dependence of the diode parameters and the resistance contributions in the dark reflect the different

• ] is confirmed in the dark and under illumination, exemplifying the self-consistency of the Shockley-based analysis. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the characteristic parameters of the equivalent circuit provides insight into the transport mechanism in the junction and across the interface

Thermal treatment of magnetite nanoparticles

• Beata Kalska-Szostko,
• Urszula Wykowska,
• Dariusz Satula and
• Per Nordblad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1385–1396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.143

• , structural defects, tension, composition variation, crystal imperfections, etc.) significantly contribute to the broadening of the line width of the XRD patterns [33]. Therefore, the average particle size calculated this way is only a rough estimation. The temperature dependence of the line width also shows

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• , though acquired with a statistical error of 3%, the EDX data in Table 1 only serve as an indicator of the Co/Pt ratio being crucial for the different Co/Pt alloy phase formation — an issue to which we return in what follows. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of all samples is

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• layer and use the jump discontinuity of the chemical potential and the electrical potential at the interface to obtain with Equation 74 and Equation 76 In the limit of vanishing thickness of the pill box, the left hand side of Equation 78 vanishes. If the weak temperature dependence of the chemical

• . Note that no temperature-dependence of the parameters was considered here. In particular, there is no contribution of ∂U0/∂T in the Peltier term (see Equation 80 and the last term of Equation 84), which might underestimate the contribution of this term. To solve the PDE system of the thermal micro

Electron-stimulated purification of platinum nanostructures grown via focused electron beam induced deposition

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Jason D. Fowlkes,
• Kevin Lester,
• Harald Plank and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 907–918, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.94

• )Me3 to mitigate the precursor contamination. Thus, extending the study to room temperature, we re-examined the temperature dependence of the purification. Figure 1a,b illustrates in situ EDS spectra as a function of the purification time for the 25 and 78 °C studies, respectively. The initial deposit

Structure and mechanism of the formation of core–shell nanoparticles obtained through a one-step gas-phase synthesis by electron beam evaporation

• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Sergey P. Bardakhanov,
• Makoto Schreiber,
• Dashima G. Bazarova,
• Nikolai A. Romanov,
• Boris B. Baldanov,
• Bair R. Radnaev and
• Viacheslav V. Syzrantsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 874–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.89

• system. In many cases, the surface tension of a liquid has a temperature dependence of the form which is valid for a certain temperature range above the melting temperature (Tm) of the material where σ(Tm) is the surface tension at the melting point of the material and dσ/dT is the rate of change of the

Entropy effects in the collective dynamic behavior of alkyl monolayers tethered to Si(111)

• Christian Godet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 583–594, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.60

• ]. Recently, the temperature dependence of the molecular relaxation frequency (at low reverse bias) has revealed the sensitivity of its activation energy to end-group functionalization, namely increased motional constraints with carboxylic acid substitution to methyl groups [40]. This extension of our

• been identified with, respectively, a weak (fA) and a strong (fB) temperature dependence of the relaxation frequencies [32]. At low temperatures (T < 150 K), only mechanism A is observed at intermediate frequencies (fA ≈ 4 × 103 Hz in Figure 2b). The characteristic frequency fA is basically bias

• at T = 263 K, along with the constant strength of the B1 relaxation mechanism. In the reverse-bias regime, both B1 and B2 peak frequencies show a stronger temperature dependence, as illustrated in Figure 2b, at VDC = −0.6 V. The ratio between the respective frequencies of peaks B1 and B2 being less

Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Roswitha Zeis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8

• by an activation mechanism that obeys the Arrhenius law [29]. In contrast, the proton conductivity of Nafion is attributed to the vehicle mechanism, which has a weaker temperature dependence. Moreover, the conductivity of acid-doped PBI is less dependent on the relative humidity, although there is a

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• oxides by thermal decomposition processes. The oxidation process to different MnOx species In order to investigate the temperature dependence of the oxidation process of Mn(II) glycolate, in situ X-ray diffractograms were recorded in the presence of O2 while heating the precursor to 700 °C at a heating

• , suggest a temperature dependence of the obtained α-Mn2O3 particle size in Ar atmosphere, which was not the case for the Mn3O4 particles. The Scherrer-derived size of the crystallites of the pure phase α-Mn2O3 obtained in an O2 atmosphere at 550 °C is one third larger than that calculated for particles

Size-dependent density of zirconia nanoparticles

• Agnieszka Opalinska,
• Iwona Malka,
• Wojciech Dzwolak,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Adam Presz and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 27–35, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.4

• corresponding second derivative of the spectrum. (C) The temperature dependence of the –OD band. The dotted line represents the spectrum of ZrO2 powder obtained in the absence of D2O, which therefore lacks –OD stretching vibrations. The infrared spectra of the ZrO2 samples prepared in the presence of D2O and

Bright photoluminescence from ordered arrays of SiGe nanowires grown on Si(111)

• D. J. Lockwood,
• N. L. Rowell,
• A. Benkouider,
• A. Ronda,
• L. Favre and
• I. Berbezier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2498–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.259

• features we are interested in overlap the Si PL, and thus to help minimize the substrate signal we consider next only results obtained using excitation at 405 nm. The temperature dependence of the PL spectrum obtained from sample (C) is shown in Figure 4. PL spectra with similar temperature dependences

• showing (left) a NW array and (right) individual 200 nm long NWs. The raw PL spectrum obtained from sample (C) at 6 K with excitation at 405 and 458 nm. Temperature dependence of the instrument-response-corrected PL spectrum obtained from sample (C) with excitation at 405 nm. Instrument-response-corrected

Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review

• Wei Liu,
• Christofer Hierold and
• Miroslav Haluska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2202–2215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.229

• of the same CNFET obtained at different temperatures. The off-state current reveals a stronger temperature dependence because it mainly represents the thermally activated carrier transport (where charge flow over the Schottky barrier dominates). The trend is more obvious in the Arrhenius plot (Figure

• more positive and negative biases reveal only a weak temperature dependence due to carrier transport dominated by tunneling. Utilizing this characteristic, the activation energy (qφb, Figure 4c) is extracted according to Equation 3. Its maximum value corresponds to the Schottky barrier height. The

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• with the charged NP surfaces [46]. The binding affinities were not governed by the net charge of the proteins (as specified by the isoelectric point) but rather by electrostatic interactions between localized charged regions on the protein and the NP surfaces [46]. An interesting temperature dependence

The influence of molecular mobility on the properties of networks of gold nanoparticles and organic ligands

• Edwin J. Devid,
• Paulo N. Martinho,
• M. Venkata Kamalakar,
• Úna Prendergast,
• Christian Kübel,
• Tibebe Lemma,
• Jean-François Dayen,
• Tia. E. Keyes,
• Bernard Doudin,
• Mario Ruben and
• Sense Jan van der Molen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1664–1674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.177

• the orientation and/or increased mobility of the molecules on the gold nanoparticle facets. As for their conductance, the temperature-dependence for S-BPP networks differs significantly from standard alkanethiol-capped networks, especially above 220 K. Relating the latter two observations, we propose

• investigate the temperature-dependence of the molecular ordering, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy of the 2D Au-NP–S-BPP array was performed. In Figure 3 the room temperature Raman spectra of a bulk (powder) sample of S-BPP molecules (see Figure 3a) and of a 2D Au-NP–S-BPP array (see Figure 3b) are

• at high temperatures. The extent of structural dynamics is far greater than observed for simple alkanethiol-modified nanoparticle arrays, and is consistent with the less dense packing anticipated for the S-BPP ligands. This provides also an explanation for the peculiar temperature dependence of the

Current state of laser synthesis of metal and alloy nanoparticles as ligand-free reference materials for nano-toxicological assays

• Christoph Rehbock,
• Jurij Jakobi,
• Lisa Gamrad,
• Selina van der Meer,
• Daniela Tiedemann,
• Ulrike Taylor,
• Wilfried Kues,
• Detlef Rath and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1523–1541, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.165

• been known that during measurements of the electrokinetic potentials in aqueous solutions the temperature dependence of conductivity, dielectric constant and viscosity are negligible up to a temperature of 343 K [106]. Based on these simplified assumptions, at room temperature (T = 293 K) a zeta

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• applications. However, the use of the figure of merit ZT as performance parameter can be misleading, because it is not directly connected to the efficiency that strongly depends on the temperature difference. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of ZT is even stronger than that of the Z parameter. If for

Effects of palladium on the optical and hydrogen sensing characteristics of Pd-doped ZnO nanoparticles

• Anh-Thu Thi Do,
• Hong Thai Giang,
• Thu Thi Do,
• Ngan Quang Pham and
• Giang Truong Ho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1261–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.140

• voltage Vapplied. The temperature dependence of the sensor sensitivity (through voltage Vout) is shown in Figure 4a. These results indicate that the sensors have the greatest sensitivity within an operating temperature range of 200–300 °C. Among the measured sensors, the highest sensitivity was found with

• ) of ZnO and Pd/ZnO nanoparticles. PL spectra of ZnO and Pd/ZnO nanoparticles at room temperature. Dependence of (a) the operating temperature on the sensor sensitivity and (b) the hydrogen concentration on the sensor sensitivity (b). The operating temperature-dependence of (a) the sensitivity and (b

Electron-beam induced deposition and autocatalytic decomposition of Co(CO)₃NO

• Florian Vollnhals,
• Martin Drost,
• Fan Tu,
• Esther Carrasco,
• Andreas Späth,
• Rainer H. Fink,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück and
• Hubertus Marbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1175–1185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.129

• substrate temperature [23]. A more detailed study addressed the temperature dependence for various precursors. For Co(CO)3NO and Co2(CO)8 three distinct regimes were proposed: (1) EBID only, (2) seeded growth, i.e., enhancement of deposition rate and autocatalytic growth, and (3) spontaneous decomposition

Impact of thermal frequency drift on highest precision force microscopy using quartz-based force sensors at low temperatures

• Florian Pielmeier,
• Daniel Meuer,
• Daniel Schmid,
• Christoph Strunk and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 407–412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.48

• f0 is not increasing monotonically with T but shows a local minimum around 20 K [19]. This resembles qualitatively the temperature dependence of the Grüneisen parameter γ, which relates thermal expansion to vibrational properties [20]. The calculated values for γ show a maximum around 30 K decreasing

• to 13 K where a distinct kink appears, which might be due to the sign change in α||. After this kink, ε still decreases for all types of sensors. In case of the LER the sign of ∂ε/∂T changes from negative to positive at around 30 K, this agrees qualitatively with the temperature dependence of the

Photoactivation of luminescence in CdS nanocrystals

• Valentyn Smyntyna,
• Bogdan Semenenko,
• Valentyna Skobeeva and
• Nikolay Malushin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 355–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.40

• -wavelength band we have studied the temperature dependence of the luminescence. In order to prevent an exposure of the samples to ambient air at 300 K, the vacuum chamber was vented with vapour from liquid nitrogen. The CdS nanocrystals were photostimulated by laser irradiation at a wavelength of λ = 355 nm

• = 0.11 eV with the holes in the valence band. This result is supported by the localization of the band at the edge of the absorption spectrum and the temperature dependence of the luminescence intensity in vacuum. The absorption spectrum of the CdS nanocrystals. The inset shows the spectrum of the first

• time intervals of the action of the exciting irradiation. The luminescence spectra of CdS nanocrystals measured at temperatures of 300 K (1), 150 K (2) and 77 K (3). The edge luminescence spectra of CdS NCs at 300 K (1), 150 K (2) and 77 K (3). The inset shows the temperature dependence of the band gap

Thermal stability and reduction of iron oxide nanowires at moderate temperatures

• Annalisa Paolone,
• Marco Angelucci,
• Stefania Panero,
• Maria Grazia Betti and
• Carlo Mariani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 323–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.36

• quantified thanks to the thermogravimetry measurements and spectroscopic tools, and it assesses temperature limits for the operation of these nanowires in Li-ion based batteries, establishing the Fe2O3 nanowires as stable nanostructured elements for new advanced batteries. Temperature dependence of the

Charge and spin transport in mesoscopic superconductors

• M. J. Wolf,
• F. Hübler,
• S. Kolenda and
• D. Beckmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 180–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.18

• currents in superconductors may be useful for future superconducting spintronics devices. Further, our analysis of the temperature dependence hints at the importance of new thermoelectric effects in nanoscale superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids. False color scanning electron microscopy image of one of our

In situ growth optimization in focused electron-beam induced deposition

• Paul M. Weirich,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Christian H. Schwalb and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 919–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.103

• , can be a difficult task. This can be exemplified for the commonly used precursor W(CO)6. Rosenberg and co-workers recently studied the electron-dose and substrate-temperature dependence on the final deposit in electron-induced dissociation experiments with 500 eV electron energy for this precursor [14

Large-scale atomistic and quantum-mechanical simulations of a Nafion membrane: Morphology, proton solvation and charge transport

• Pavel V. Komarov,
• Pavel G. Khalatur and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 567–587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.65

• force for dissociation (association) of positively/negatively charged ions, H3O+ and SO3−, is dominantly of energetic or entropic nature, we examined the temperature dependence of pair correlation functions (PCFs) g+–(r) and the corresponding potential of mean force W+–(r) = –kBTlng+–(r). The value of W

• , the energy appears to weakly prevent the formation of ion pairs, while the entropy gain remains to be the main driving force for contact pairs. It is instructive to trace the temperature dependence of the energetic and entropic contributions for some specific interion separations, in particular, for

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

• Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

• elemental distributions can account for the ferromagnetism observed in the Fe90Sc10 nanoglass. In Figure 13 the temperature dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field of the melt-quenched ribbon of a Fe90Sc10 glass is compared with the one of the interfacial regions of a Fe90Sc10 nanoglass [20]. As may be

• PM) of the Mössbauer spectrum within the structure of the nanoglass [17]. Diagram displaying the temperature dependence of the measured magnetic hyperfine field (Bhf) of a melt-spun ribbon and a nanoglass with the same chemical composition (Fe90Sc10). The T1.51 dependence observed for the melt-spun

• ribbon agrees with spin wave theory [21]. In the case of the Fe90Sc10 nanoglass a T2.04 temperature dependence was observed, which evidences itinerant ferromagnetism in the nanoglass. Magnetic Compton scattering experiments performed by using the same specimens indicate that the itinerant ferromagnetism