Plasma-assisted synthesis and high-resolution characterization of anisotropic elemental and bimetallic core–shell magnetic nanoparticles

• M. Hennes,
• A. Lotnyk and
• S. G. Mayr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 466–475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.54

• over their chemical counterparts: the high purity of the resulting samples, high throughput in continuous operating mode, and easy integration into other UHV manufacturing/analysis steps. Although early experiments used inert gas condensation in combination with thermal evaporation [7], magnetron

• the origin of this effect remains unclear to date. In addition to the mean diameter, the particle size distribution has been analyzed. It was found to be close to Gaussian and only slightly skewed, which stands in contrast to results gained with other inert gas condensation techniques like thermal

• evaporation, for which log-normal size distributions are usually reported [7]. The influence of the gun current on the particle diameter at fixed condensation pressure and aggregation length is presented in Figure 3b. In contrast to previous studies on Ni NPs [13], the latter is found to decrease monotonously

Synthesis of embedded Au nanostructures by ion irradiation: influence of ion induced viscous flow and sputtering

• Udai B. Singh,
• D. C. Agarwal,
• S. A. Khan,
• S. Mohapatra,
• H. Amekura,
• D. P. Datta,
• Ajay Kumar,
• R. K. Choudhury,
• T. K. Chan,
• Thomas Osipowicz and
• D. K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 105–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.10

• by boiling in methanol and a repeated rinsing with deionised water. The substrates were then blown dry with N2 gas. Thin films of Au with a thickness of 5 nm were deposited on these substrates by thermal evaporation with a deposition rate of 0.1 nm/s under high vacuum conditions. The vacuum of

Synthesis of indium oxi-sulfide films by atomic layer deposition: The essential role of plasma enhancement

• Cathy Bugot,
• Nathanaëlle Schneider,
• Daniel Lincot and
• Frédérique Donsanti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 750–757, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.85

• ]. Oxygen-doping of In2S3 films is known to increase their optical band gap value [6][17][18]. Indeed, by O-doping of In2S3 films deposited by thermal evaporation, Barreau et al. could increase the optical band gap value of In2S3 thin films from 2.1 to 2.9 eV [17]. In the same way, by using the spray

Optimization of solution-processed oligothiophene:fullerene based organic solar cells by using solvent additives

• Gisela L. Schulz,
• Marta Urdanpilleta,
• Roland Fitzner,
• Eduard Brier,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz,
• Egon Reinold and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 680–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.77

• was deposited followed by 100 nm Al via thermal evaporation. J–V characteristics for blends of DCV5T-Bu4/PC61BM (1:1 wt. ratio) are displayed in Figure 3 and summarized in Table 2. When the active layer was deposited using only chlorobenzene (CB) as the solvent, a short-circuit current density (Jsc

Near-field effects and energy transfer in hybrid metal-oxide nanostructures

• Ulrich Herr,
• Barat Achinuq,
• Cahit Benel,
• Giorgos Papageorgiou,
• Manuel Goncalves,
• Johannes Boneberg,
• Paul Leiderer,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Peter Marek and
• Horst Hahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 306–317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.34

• films with a thickness of 50 nm by thermal evaporation under vacuum conditions. The spheres were removed afterwards by sonication in ethyl methyl ketone and water. The resulting structures are triangular with a regular spacing over wide regions (the typical size of the ordered regions was several 10 μm

• deposition of a dielectric layer on the metal nanoantennas. We tried the second solution by coating of the Ag nanoantennas with a 10 nm thick SiOx layer by thermal evaporation under vacuum conditions. A similar investigation has been reported in a recent publication about surface-enhanced fluorescence of

Photoresponse from single upright-standing ZnO nanorods explored by photoconductive AFM

• Igor Beinik,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Astrid Wachauer,
• Lin Wang,
• Yuri P. Piryatinski,
• Gerhard Brauer,
• Xin Yi Chen,
• Yuk Fan Hsu,
• Aleksandra B. Djurišić and
• Christian Teichert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 208–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.21

• technique to study the electrical transport in individual upright standing ZnO NRs grown by thermal evaporation [41]. The results obtained together with those of time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) suggest that the photoresponse in ZnO NRs originates preferentially from the photoexcitation of charge

• side and biased. Use of ATEC-CONTPt™ probes helps to avoid shadowing by the cantilever. (a) 5 μm × 5 μm intermittent contact mode AFM image and SEM micrograph (inset) of ZnO nanorods grown by thermal evaporation, (b) time-resolved (blue curve) and integral (red curve) PL spectra from the array of

• carriers from defect-localized states. The experimental findings are in good agreement with previous theoretical predictions based on density functional theory calculations [42] and will be discussed on the basis of the presence of oxygen vacancies. Experimental ZnO nanorods were grown by thermal

Low-dose patterning of platinum nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition as studied by TEM

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Sara Bals and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 77–86, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.9

• blocks for nanoscopic electronic devices [1]. In such hybrid nanostructures, metals are often deposited onto the CNTs by thermal evaporation [2][3][4][5][6] or wet chemistry [7], which results in a non-site-specific covering. However, when using such structures for nanodevice fabrication, specific sites

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• deposition, laser ablation, or thermal evaporation. The first template-grown nanowires of amorphous Si were recently reported by using ionic liquids [100][101]. Ionic liquids have proved to be a good alternative electrolyte to fabricate materials such as Al, Ti, Si, or Ge, which cannot be electrodeposited in

Directed deposition of silicon nanowires using neopentasilane as precursor and gold as catalyst

• Britta Kämpken,
• Verena Wulf,
• Norbert Auner,
• Marcel Winhold,
• Michael Huth,
• Daniel Rhinow and
• Andreas Terfort

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 535–545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.62

• nanosized wires (NW) of silicon including thermal evaporation [9], molecular beam epitaxy [10], laser ablation [11], chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [12] and CVD in combination with the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) method [13]. In the VLS mechanism, small solid metal particles catalyze the decomposition of the

Low-temperature synthesis of carbon nanotubes on indium tin oxide electrodes for organic solar cells

• Andrea Capasso,
• Luigi Salamandra,
• Aldo Di Carlo,
• John M. Bell and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.60

• catalyst by thermal evaporation. After the metal deposition, the substrates were loaded into a ceramic furnace for ambient-pressure CVD. The synthesis occurred in a temperature range of 500–600 °C, while a constant flow of 10% C2H2 in H2 (15:150 sccm) was maintained. After CVD, the substrates were analyzed

Colloidal lithography for fabricating patterned polymer-brush microstructures

• Tao Chen,
• Debby P. Chang,
• Rainer Jordan and
• Stefan Zauscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 397–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.46

• were prepared by thermal evaporation under a vacuum of 4 × 10−7 Torr. For this purpose an adhesion layer of chromium (50 Å) followed by a layer of gold (600 Å) was evaporated onto silicon wafers. Before deposition, silicon wafers were cleaned in a mixture of H2O2/H2SO4 (1:3, v/v) at 80 °C (“piranha

Direct-write polymer nanolithography in ultra-high vacuum

• Woo-Kyung Lee,
• Minchul Yang,
• Arnaldo R. Laracuente,
• William P. King,
• Lloyd J. Whitman and
• Paul E. Sheehan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 52–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.6

• circuits; a vacuum being essential both to preserve the cleanliness of the substrate and the deposited materials and to minimize the creation of defects [1]. Consequently, most deposition techniques from thermal evaporation to atomic layer deposition require a high level of vacuum, preferably ultra-high

X-ray spectroscopy characterization of self-assembled monolayers of nitrile-substituted oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s with variable chain length

• Hicham Hamoudi,
• Ping Kao,
• Alexei Nefedov,
• David L. Allara and
• Michael Zharnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 12–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.2

• protocols [69]. The purity of all the compounds was checked by NMR. The gold substrates were prepared by thermal evaporation of 100–200 nm of gold (99.99% purity) onto polished single crystal silicon (100) wafers (Silicon Sense) primed with either a 5 nm titanium or a 5 nm chromium adhesion layer. The

Direct monitoring of opto-mechanical switching of self-assembled monolayer films containing the azobenzene group

• Einat Tirosh,
• Enrico Benassi,
• Silvio Pipolo,
• Marcel Mayor,
• Michal Valášek,
• Veronica Frydman,
• Stefano Corni and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 834–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.93

• Si by thermal evaporation. For UV–vis measurements, a 20 nm thick Au film was evaporated onto a quartz slide to allow sufficient transmission in the spectral region studied. For the nanomechanical measurements, Au islands on glass substrates were prepared. Au island preparation: 15 nm of Au was

Generation and agglomeration behaviour of size-selected sub-nm iron clusters as catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes

• Ravi Joshi,
• Benjamin Waldschmidt,
• Jörg Engstler,
• Rolf Schäfer and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 734–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.80

• either thermal evaporation (heating Al in a boron nitride crucible with a tungsten filament) or electron beam evaporation onto a commercial TEM grid (SiOx; Fa. Plano, Wetzlar). Aluminium buffer layer (10 nm) deposition was monitored by means of a quartz crystal microbalance (Cressington MTM 10). After

Nanoscaled alloy formation from self-assembled elemental Co nanoparticles on top of Pt films

• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Kai Fauth,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 473–485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.51

• AFM. A simple explanation attributing this decreasing particle size to thermal evaporation caused by vapor pressure enhancement due to the reduced size of the NPs is, however, unlikely for 7 nm Co NPs at an TA below 500 °C. To further clarify the processes involved, we additionally carried out a

Effect of large mechanical stress on the magnetic properties of embedded Fe nanoparticles

• Srinivasa Saranu,
• Sören Selve,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann and
• Ulrich Herr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 268–275, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.31

• film on top using thermal evaporation. Ta foil of 200 µm thickness was used as a substrate for the stress application. One side of the Ta foil was polished to an RMS roughness of less than 5 nm using chemo-mechanical polishing. The other side of the Ta foil was coated with 100 nm of palladium, which

Biomimetics inspired surfaces for drag reduction and oleophobicity/philicity

• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 66–84, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.9

• the negative replica. To generate several replicas the second step of replication was repeated twenty times for each surface type. Nanostructures were created by self-assembly of plant wax deposited by thermal evaporation [12][13]. Tubule forming wax, which was isolated from a leaf of Nelumbo nucifera

• , in the following referred to as Lotus, was used to create tubule structures. Lotus wax with 0.8 µg/mm2 was deposited on the specimen surfaces by thermal evaporation. The specimens with Lotus wax were exposed to ethanol vapor for three days at 50 °C, and then left in the oven at 50 °C for seven days

• has a lower surface tension than that of oil is required. For this purpose, Jung and Bhushan [20] deposited n-perfluoroeicosane (C20F42) (268828, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) on the specimen surfaces by thermal evaporation. The surface energy of n-perfluoroeicosane is 6.7 mJ/m2 (6.7 mN/m) [65]. The specimens

Structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles deposited onto single-crystalline surfaces

• Armin Kleibert,
• Wolfgang Rosellen,
• Mathias Getzlaff and
• Joachim Bansmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 47–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.6

• literature [45]. The Ni films with a thickness of about 15 ML were grown by thermal evaporation at a rate of 0.1 atomic monolayers per minute. To obtain a flat and relaxed surface, the films were thermally annealed at 320 K. The clean W(110) surface and the structural quality of the films were checked by

Preparation and characterization of supported magnetic nanoparticles prepared by reverse micelles

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Luyang Han,
• Johannes Biskupek,
• Ute Kaiser and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 24–47, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.5

• coated in situ by thermal evaporation of SiO until a 10–20 nm thick layer had formed giving excellent protection against re-oxidation. It should be noted, however, that the NPs might as well be brought to ambient conditions to allow, e. g., their SEM characterization. In that case, the analysis is, of