Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• efficiency could be observed, while other modes are inundated by noise. The high-order modes have close eigenwavelengths, resulting in the resonance shift in Figure 4c. Theoretically, all modes could be captured in the spectrum, but the excitation and collection efficiency cannot simultaneously reach maximum

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• nanoparticles to reach the desired weight percentage (5.0% to 7.0%). Eventually, the concentrated cell biomass (33% to 40% v/v) was then added and the mixture was placed in a 7 cm diameter Petri dish, where it gelled at room temperature after the addition of 0.2 M KOH to achieve pH 7–8. Table 1 gathers the

• added to reach a final concentration of 1 mg/mL in the cell suspension. After adding the silica nanoparticles, the suspension was incubated for 20 min under mild agitation using a rocker shaker at minimum speed. Yolk–shell structures were recovered by centrifugation at 2800 rpm and washed with fresh BG

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• incident radiation from the sun, 8% UV, 42.4% visible light, and 49.6% infrared radiation reach the earth's surface. Applications such as steam generation from solar power can evidently benefit from the use of materials that can absorb as much as possible of the entire spectrum of solar radiation. In this

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• escape from endosomes. Notably, lipid nanoparticles enabled the remarkably fast development of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. Still, there is much to be done to reach the final goal of developing formulations that can deliver drugs at preset rates and periods of time to specific targets [1]. To this end

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• biocompatible nanoparticles in future. NanoEL as a transport route of nanoparticles through the endothelium Main routes to transport NPs across the endothelium NPs reach the tissues and organs of the body, especially those richly vascularized, through the blood. Thus, the vascular endothelium is the most

• junctions of the endothelium and the fact that this effect does not depend on the physiology and microenvironment of the tumor. Therefore, NanoEL is a new approach that can be used in anticancer therapies, especially in the transport of medicinal substances to immature and hard-to-reach tumors. Nevertheless

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• decrease in efficiency was attributed to two causes: First, it is more difficult for photons to reach the photocatalyst at higher concentrations, which resulted in a decrease in the production of oxidant radicals and, as a result, a decrease in the degradation performance. Second, the number of

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

• . However, because of the difference in pharmacokinetics among agents, combined therapies may not effectively reach their targets. The obstacles regarding the simultaneous co-delivery of therapeutic agents at the site of action can be overcome using nanomedicine as a platform and nanotools as delivery

• mitigating the risk of therapeutic failure due to the non-coordinated co-delivery of therapeutic agents and off-target side effects. However, despite substantial progress, a precise control of the in vivo trajectories of the nanosystems is still beyond our reach. Some of the promising approaches and design

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• with appropriate carriers to fulfill several requirements. First, the composite needs be sufficiently stable in the body and successfully reach the target site without being trapped. Second, the composites must be efficiently internalized to the target tissues and cells. Finally, the drugs must be

• , its main drawback is that the isomerizations never reach 100% conversion (the trans/cis ratio in the photo-equilibrium is around 2:8). Thus, a complete on–off photoregulation is hardly accomplishable with azobenzenes. To solve this problem, arylazopyrazoles (Figure 3a) are very convenient. They have

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• , and power efficiency. The model explains the origin of the low power efficiency for emission in free space and clarifies which parameters can be changed to improve the FFO characteristics. Finally, I discuss the design of a Josephson patch oscillator that can reach high power for emission in free

• phase oscillations will not grow beyond |gn| = π. Instead, higher harmonic generation will occur. Full numerical simulations of the sine-Gordon equation (Equation 3), shown by blue symbols in Figure 2a, reveal that the amplitude of oscillations reach π at the end of the velocity-matching step. This

• , I discussed the design of a Josephson patch oscillator that can reach high power for emission in free space with the optimal power efficiency of approx. 50%. Appendix Definition of variables (Table 2). (a) A sketch of the Josephson flux-flow oscillator. It is based on a sandwich-type junction with

Intermodal coupling spectroscopy of mechanical modes in microcantilevers

• Ioan Ignat,
• Bernhard Schuster,
• Jonas Hafner,
• MinHee Kwon,
• Daniel Platz and
• Ulrich Schmid

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 123–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.13

• multifrequency AFM methods designed for controlling the sense mode to reach their ultimate goal of greater signal-to-noise ratios. These possibilities only multiply if the mechanical–mechanical interactions were only one aspect of a device. In a MEMS or NEMS device, such interactions would be useful to bridge

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• tuning deposition (i.e., the alloy chemical composition) and dealloying (i.e., dealloying media) parameters to reach the best SERS properties. These are reported for samples dealloyed in HCl and with 30 atom % of silver at the initial state with a detection limit down to 10−10 mol·L−1 for a solution of

• efficient nanoporous platforms are based on gold due to their high stability towards oxidation. Therefore, heading towards simple and inexpensive approaches to reach the industrial market turns out to be a necessity. The origin of the SERS effect relies on the interaction between an intense electromagnetic

• the SERS detection properties. To reach this objective, Raman spectra of the RhB diluted at 10−7 mol·L−1 were recorded on the samples after different dealloying times and for the three selected initial Ag contents. No Raman signal was detected for the Ag–Al thin film before dealloying since the

Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles

• Bin Liu,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 52–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.6

• a NaCl aqueous solution) was added dropwise under stirring into the THF dispersion of 1-PSN to reach the targeted volume fraction and a total volume of 1 mL. It took about 20 s to add 100 μL. Assembled structures were monitored by collecting 50 µL samples at various incubation times and direct

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• and hydrophobic sites. Without them, the droplet is stuck at the base of the nanochannel. After an initial period (see t = 0.15 ns in Figure 4), only a large droplet remains being absorbed by the nanocone. This drop is fed by the vapor, forming a continuous flow of molecules that reach from the base

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• size increased with the laser energy up to 200 mJ. It decreased to reach a minimum at an energy of 240 mJ. This trend in crystallite size is due to the rearrangement of the nanostructure. The particles sizes increase, defects are reduced, and the dislocation density (δ) decreases from 6.53 × 1014 to

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• and Figure 1d. However, application of a small magnetic field introduces a spread in critical currents, as can be seen from Figure 2b. In combination with the hysteresis in the I–V characteristics, this makes it possible to reach a large variety of dynamic states with different numbers of active JJs

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• catalyst was dispersed in each vial. The solution was constantly agitated at 240 rpm for 3 h at ambient temperature to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium pH value was measured with a multimeter (CPC 411, Elmetron, Poland) and the values were plotted against the initial pH values for both series. The PZC

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• reaction temperature. If the size of the nanoparticles is considered, as the reaction temperature increases, the nanoparticles become larger or the size distribution becomes broader. At room temperature and at 60 °C, the nanoparticles are less than 50 nm in size, but at 80 °C the nanoparticles reach a size

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• necessary to establish a strict standard procedure for biopsy analysis or for the device to reach the affected tissue inside the body (for example, by means of a catheter inserted into a vein, or through the collection of a biopsy from arthritic tissue). In all cases, such an integrated approach would

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• voltage. Therefore, fJ can be up to about 1 THz for low-Tc JJs [1] and can reach tens of terahertz for high-Tc JJs [2][3]. Thus, a JJ has the potential to be the basis of compact, continuous-wave and tunable terahertz generators, which would facilitate solving the problem of so-called “THz gap” [4]. A

• effects become dominant for synchronization. To reach the radiation power maximum, JJs should be synchronized with the EM mode excited within the resonator. Such large JJ arrays become similar to a laser where the junctions play the role of atoms in an active medium. The advantage of large JJ arrays

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• , enzymatic destructive environment, and transit time through the gastrointestinal tract, the ability of an orally administered formulation to reach colon carcinomas stably and effectively necessitates a serious pharmaceutical formulation study and a comprehensive evaluation. It is possible to overcome the

• obstacles for successful treatment [15]. The low permeability of nanoformulations through the mucus layer prevents sufficient absorption of the drug and causes clearance of molecules which do not reach adequate retention time in the GIT [53]. Thus, increasing the retention time of the NPs on the mucus layer

• supernatant. Thus, the ability of NPs to penetrate first through the mucus layer and then reach the gelatin layer was assessed by measurement of the amount of DCX transported into the gelatin layer. Release kinetics study In vitro release profiles of DCX from DCX-PLGA NPs and CS/DCX-PLGA NPs formulations were

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• = r2/π2D, where r is the grain radius and D is the carrier’s diffusion coefficient. Consequently, as the particle radius decreases, a higher number of photogenerated carriers can reach the surface, where they might participate in a photocatalytic process [76]. Bismuth is often used as a nanoscale

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• whole-organism experimental studies. In order to fully understand how performance is influenced by roughness, incorporating variation in body size is important. Tokay geckos are ideal for investigating the role of body size variation given that they reach very large body sizes and they live in

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• reduced by approximately 40% (P240 grit size) and 65% (80 grit size), respectively. The investigated randomly rough surfaces did not reach the low peel-off forces for the LIPSS-covered samples. To prove the statistical significance of the measurement results, a statistical analysis was performed using

• of the LIPSS, is only 170 nm and, therefore, too low to reach the antiadhesive state according to the above theory (2a > 250 nm). This explains why the peel-off force measurement did not show a significant difference for the polished control and the LIPSS-covered Al alloy sample. Instead, the mean

• samples, the presence of LIPSS had no significant influence on the peel-off force. This is due to the fact that the LIPSS on the aluminium alloy samples are rather flat and, therefore, do not have the required amplitude to reach the antiadhesive state. Furthermore, the measurements showed that a very

A super-oscillatory step-zoom metalens for visible light

• Yi Zhou,
• Chao Yan,
• Peng Tian,
• Zhu Li,
• Yu He,
• Bin Fan,
• Zhiyong Wang,
• Yao Deng and
• Dongliang Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.101

• plasmons can reach a spatial resolution of 22 nm, but the imaging range is limited to the sample surface, causing difficulties in biomedical imaging. Although negative refractive superlenses and hyperbolic metamaterials [6][7] have been experimentally verified for super-resolution imaging, they exhibit

• light. As we used a double-layer metasurface based on the geometric phase principle, there are two polarization conversions. For the ideal case, the incident LCP will be converted to RCP, and then converted to LCP again. However, the polarization conversion efficiency cannot reach 100%, which would

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• Table 1, the existing MEG research roughly has two power output modes, instantaneous output and constant output. Currently, instantaneous-output devices can provide up a maximum electrical output of 0.69 V and 7.55 mA. Devices with constant output can reach an electrical output of 0.5 V and 8 μA

• . Instantaneous-output devices provide high open-circuit voltage, which can reach 4 V or more, but because of the low frequency, the total energy that can be provided is limited. In constant-output devices, the open-circuit voltages of most devices are less than 1 V, and most short-circuit currents do not exceed