Efficiency of electron cooling in cold-electron bolometers with traps

• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Vladimir A. Frost,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 896–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.80

• are able to show electron self-cooling by a factor of five or even more [7], thus improving sensitivity, so they might be a prospective type of detectors [6]. Although we could not reach a new minimum of electron cooling at 300 mK phonon temperature, we achieved electron cooling from 200 to 33 mK and

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• addition, during the growing season between December and February, the day length is about 20 h in the Antarctic Peninsula [26] and the maximum photosynthetic photon flux density under the full midday sun in January can reach up to 2000 μmol·m−2·s−1 in the Maritime Antarctica [27][37]. Protection against

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• mechanical strength. The strength appears to reach a proper level for A3 PMMA, which allowed for up to six complete cycles. C3 and C4 PMMA provided the highest mechanical support, allowing for up to ten cycles. To evaluate the process cleanness, the residues were quantified by counting the white spots

• transistor to reach an output voltage of 1 mV. Histogram distributions for the graphene channel resistances were plotted (using MATLAB scripts) to compare the effects of B2 and C4 PMMA-assisted graphene transfer on device performance. Based on our observations of the device performance, a threshold

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• shown in Figure 7d, Figure 7e, and Figure 8, the thinnest KP15 nanowires obtained by liquid exfoliation could reach 5.1 nm and had smooth boundaries. The thicknesses of 79% of the liquid-exfoliated KP15 nanowires were below 50 nm; the widths of 60.9% of the KP15 nanowires were below 100 nm. The sizes of

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• adhesion strength could reach about 50 N·cm−2 for different kinds of substrates. The stacking nanoflakes formed multiple domains. Most of the domains were quasi-parallel to the substrates, suggesting a correlation between the alignment of nanoflakes and the anisotropic adhesion strength. The adhesion

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• energy resolutions and the image acquisition time of AC-KPFM in the AM mode are comparable to those of the classical KPFM in the AM mode, because both methods detect the electrostatic force, and the response time of the bias feedback τ limits the image acquisition time. To reach sufficient sensitivity

• time [31]. To reach sufficient sensitivity, the value should typically be larger than 1 V. Experimental The experiments were performed by customized ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM, UNISOKU) at a temperature T of 78 K with a base pressure below 5 × 10−11 Torr. The NC

Design and selection of peptides to block the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain by molecular docking

• Kendra Ramirez-Acosta,
• Ivan A. Rosales-Fuerte,
• J. Eduardo Perez-Sanchez,
• Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera,
• Josue Juarez and
• Ruben D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 699–711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.62

• , nucleic acids, and even drugs) do not reach their target since they are eliminated by cells of the immune system, which limits their activity. Therefore, proposed peptides with antiviral activity must be evaluated from the immunological point of view. In this context, an immunogenicity prediction of the

• them to reach and efficiently bind to the RBD active region. After the immunogenicity analysis with MHC I, 22 peptides (15 theoretical peptides) were chosen because of their potential capability to inhibit the RBD of SARS-CoV-2. Since they interact with F486, Y489, Q493, G496, T500, and N501 residues

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• resistance of the deposited films, we find a tradeoff between transparency and electrical performance for applications in transparent conductors. We demonstrate that, below a certain critical thickness, graphene films deposited with LB reach a percolation limit, which imposes a minimum achievable film

Antibacterial activity of a berberine nanoformulation

• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Tuyet Nhung Pham,
• Anh-Tuan Le,
• Nguyen Thanh Thuy,
• Tran Quang Huy and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 641–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.56

• 156 nm at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, measured by dynamic light scattering. After nanoformulation, the concentration of BBR NPs could reach up to 5.0 mg/mL, which is much higher than the saturation concentration without treatment. Results show a strongly enhanced antibacterial activity of BBR NPs

• BBR NPs was significantly enhanced. Thus, the concentration of BBR NPs could reach up to 5.0 mg/mL, which was much higher than the saturation concentration of pure BBR. The diameter of the BBR NPs measured with dynamic light scattering was 156 nm at a concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. BBR NPs at a

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• lifetime at 50 mK. This may indicate that we do not reach the true quantum regime, and the lifetime stops changing with decreasing temperature due to either residual low-frequency interference or overheating. Additional experiments are planned to determine this issue. The absorption of a photon increases

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• , pulse duration: 89.8 fs) is used for the optical excitation. To reach a diffraction-limited focus, we use a parabolic mirror with a numerical aperture up to 0.998 in air for light focusing and emission signal collection. The SHG signals are selected using a 10 nm band pass filter and detected by micro

Ciprofloxacin-loaded dissolving polymeric microneedles as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of S. aureus skin infections

• Sharif Abdelghany,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Yazan Al Thaher,
• Maram Al Fawares,
• Amal G. Al-Bakri,
• Saja Zuriekat and
• Randa SH. Mansour

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 517–527, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.43

• layer of Parafilm, which means that the microneedles can reach 130 µm, as shown in Figure 5 and Table 1. However, CIP_MN2 showed significantly fewer perforations compared to the CIP_MN1; the first layer of Parafilm was perforated only by 85 needles. Although PVA hydrogel has shown satisfactory

• generally less than 10–80 µm. Microneedles that can reach deeper than 80 µm can potentially deliver the incorporated drug for the treatment of local and systemic infections [55]. The dermis is a viable layer that is rich in water, blood capillaries, and connective tissues including collagen and elastin [56

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• viable epidermis, without reaching the nerve endings that are in the dermis [4][5]. The perforation of the stratum corneum enables the release of bioactive molecules in the epidermis, which then reach the dermis and blood capillaries by diffusion [6]. This entire process occurs in a non-invasive

• with the depth of the master mold. This is related to solvent evaporation as described in the literature for other biopolymeric MNs prepared by solvent casting [37][38]. The above sizes allow the MNs to rupture the stratum corneum but not reach the blood vessels, creating ducts that facilitate the flow

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• high amounts of ethanol that can carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drug molecules. They are also highly deformable and reach deep skin layers [18][19]. ETHs are similar to the lipid bilayer composition of cells in the epidermis, due to the presence of phospholipids in their structure, and thus

• synergistic effect of phospholipids and ethanol enables the ETHs and drug molecules to reach the deeper layers of the skin [19][22][23]. The skin penetration mechanism of drug-loaded ETHs is explained by both the ETH effect and the ethanol effect. While ethanol increases drug penetration by increasing the

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• chemical enhancement from the electronic interaction between the analyte and the nanosurface [59]. The electromagnetic enhancement factor (EF) can reach up to eleven orders of magnitude in the “hot spots” of the nanosubstrate [60][61], while the chemical EF usually has a value between 10 and 103. Since the

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• beam current was measured by using a Faraday cup. The SAMs were irradiated with beam currents ranging from 200–600 pA. Prior to electron irradiation, the STM tip was retracted and moved away from the surface location of interest, such that the electrons could pass the tip and reach the surface location

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• data by principal component analysis to be a highly accurate method reach to 99% of the classification of six different gases. Keywords: feature extraction; gas sensor; pattern recognition; sensor array; Introduction The control and monitoring of toxic gaseous substances, such as ammonia, nitrogen

• been used for the classification of gas sensor data using a 10-fold cross-validation to reach the highest classification rate. Results and Discussion The sensors layers were investigated by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, current–voltage and temperature analysis, and gas sensing

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

Selected properties of Al_xZn_yO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target

• Witold Posadowski,
• Artur Wiatrowski,
• Jarosław Domaradzki and
• Michał Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29

• the results of the electrical measurements as thin films deposited at X ≥ 50 mm are conducting, with resistivities as low as ca. 10−3 Ω·cm. The results of the Al content in the deposited thin films showed that the Al/Zn ratio can even reach ca. 0.16 depending on X. Typically, AZO thin films consist of

• . Clearly, only a limited number of particles reach the back surface (some condense on the front substrate surface, some on the inside of the deposition chamber), which leads to the observed lower thickness of the deposited film (Figure 6). Because of the reduced effect of the destructive bombardment with

A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions

• Egor I. Glushkov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin and
• Leonid S. Revin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27

• received power Pabsorbed/Pincident as function of the frequency for the three different antenna geometries from Figure 1. It can be seen that this value does not reach 1 due to the mismatch of the antenna impedance (about 50 Ω) and the port impedance. The differences in the results for the three antenna

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• ultrathin superconducting wires are typically much smaller than kinetic ones and, hence, can be safely neglected as compared to . On the contrary, the mutual capacitance Cm can easily reach values comparable with C1,2 and for this reason it needs to be explicitly accounted for within the framework of our

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• viability to 39.3%. NPCs alone tended to decrease cell viability at higher dosages but did not reach statistical significance, whereas cells exposed to saline + NIR remained unchanged. In this sense, the PTT efficiency of the current NPCs was greater than that of our previously synthesized Fe3O4

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• dominant. When the voltage is high enough for the electrostatic forces of the Taylor cone to overcome the surface tension and viscous force, jet initiation happens, and a polymer jet will reach the ground collector completing the circuit. Polymers with high molecular weight will form ultrafine fibers due

Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears

• Huang-Hsiang Lin,
• Jonathan Heinze,
• Alexander Croy,
• Rafael Gutiérrez and
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3

• MD simulations. For the force fields, we choose the adaptive intermolecular reactive empirical bond order (AIREBO) potential [59]. This potential was designed for hydrocarbon systems and can reach reasonable densities for the molecules we will use later. We have used two different protocols. For

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• the number of species that will reach the substrate surface per time unit and unit area, but also the kinetic energy of the sputtered species, as well as other parameters (e.g., flux and wavelength of the light emitted by the plasma). Because all research groups carry out experiments in different