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Search for "Young’s modulus" in Full Text gives 144 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.

Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials

  • Herbert Gleiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 517–533, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.61

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  • recent nuclear resonant vibrational spectroscopy (NRVS) measurements performed at 300 K. The mean interatomic force constant (P) in a melt-spun Fe90Sc10 was 138.195 N/m whereas the one in the nanoglass was almost 10% higher (147.965 N/m) [20]. It should be noted that the Young’s modulus measurements for
  • new electronic structure of these interfaces is suggested by the observation of a reduce s-electron density (Mössbauer spectroscopy), an enhanced Young’s modulus and atomic force constant in NRVS, an enhanced Curie temperature and enhanced hyperfine field as well as itinerant ferromagnetism instead of
  • observation of a reduced s-electron density (Mössbauer spectroscopy, Figure 10), an enhanced Young’s modulus, an atomic force constant in NRVS, an enhanced Curie temperature and enhanced hyperfine field (Figure 12) as well as itinerant ferromagnetism instead of a spin-glass structure (Figure 13
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Published 13 Sep 2013

Multiple regimes of operation in bimodal AFM: understanding the energy of cantilever eigenmodes

  • Daniel Kiracofe,
  • Arvind Raman and
  • Dalia Yablon

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 385–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.45

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  • , and a tip–sample interaction force where E, I, ρc, A, w, x, t, Fhydro, Fts, Fdrive and δ are the cantilever Young’s modulus, area moment of inertia, density, cross-sectional area, deflection, axial coordinate, time, hydrodynamic force, tip–sample interaction force, driving (excitation force), and
  • different materials that are located side by side. The material on the left (red lines) has a Young’s modulus of 3 GPa and the one on the right (blue lines) has a modulus of 2 GPa. These values are close to the storage modulus from dynamic mechanical analysis (time–temperature superposition was used to
  • change in Young’s modulus) can be an order of magnitude higher in these states than in standard bimodal imaging. For example, in Figure 6a, the two materials are essentially indistinguishable for A2,free < 2.5 nm, but are very clearly separated for A2,free > 2.8 nm. This is consistent with a previous
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Published 21 Jun 2013

Optimal geometry for a quartz multipurpose SPM sensor

  • Julian Stirling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 370–376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.43

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  • of the system.) The dynamic Euler–Bernoulli beam equation describes the dynamic deformations of a beam, where E and ρ are the Young’s modulus and density of the material, respectively. A and I are the area and second moment of area of the cross section of the beam. f(x,t) is the applied force per
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Published 17 Jun 2013

Mechanical and thermal properties of bacterial-cellulose-fibre-reinforced Mater-Bi® bionanocomposite

  • Hamonangan Nainggolan,
  • Saharman Gea,
  • Emiliano Bilotti,
  • Ton Peijs and
  • Sabar D. Hutagalung

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 325–329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.37

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  • pressure of 130 mbar at a cooling rate of 10 °C min−1. Both Mater-Bi and FBC were blended by using a mini twin-screw extruder at 160 °C for 10 min at a rotor speed of 50 rpm. Tensile tests were performed according to ASTM D638 to measure the Young’s modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. A
  • researchers due to its unique properties, such as high water capacity, high crystallinity, ultrafine fibre networks with a diameter of 20–100 nm, high purity (which is distinguished from plant cellulose), and high tensile strength [7][8][9][10]. The isotropic Young’s modulus of a BC sheet is about 20 GPa [11
  • product from Novamont, with BC were prepared and their mechanical, thermal and morphological properties tested. Results and Discussion The mechanical properties of Mater-Bi as well as bionanocomposites of Mater-Bi/FBC, including the Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break are shown in
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Published 23 May 2013

Towards 4-dimensional atomic force spectroscopy using the spectral inversion method

  • Jeffrey C. Williams and
  • Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 87–93, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.10

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  • demands very high accuracy in order to reproduce the sharp curvatures and intricate features of the force curves [17]. While the torsional harmonic cantilever leads to an enhanced implementation of the original spectral inversion procedure, which is sufficiently accurate to estimate the effective Young’s
  • modulus of soft samples, it does not solve the issues of signal-to-noise ratio for the higher frequencies in the spectrum (that is, for frequencies that are appreciably higher than the torsional eigenfrequency). This challenge becomes more significant as the sample stiffness increases (see for example
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Published 07 Feb 2013

Effect of normal load and roughness on the nanoscale friction coefficient in the elastic and plastic contact regime

  • Aditya Kumar,
  • Thorsten Staedler and
  • Xin Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 66–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.7

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  • roughness on the contact characteristics we calculated various plasticity indices that have been proposed in the literature. The first here is the one given by the GW model [5][6], (E*/H)(σsks)1/2, where H is the hardness, E* is the reduced Young’s modulus, σs is the surface roughness, and ks is the
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Published 28 Jan 2013

Calculation of the effect of tip geometry on noncontact atomic force microscopy using a qPlus sensor

  • Julian Stirling and
  • Gordon A. Shaw

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 10–19, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.2

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  • E, I, ρ, and A are the Young’s modulus, second moment of area, density, and cross-sectional area of the tine, respectively. f(x,t) is the external force per unit length acting on the tine, and Z(x,t) is the deflection along the length of the tine. Separating the spatial (Φi(x)) and temporal
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Published 08 Jan 2013

Characterization of the mechanical properties of qPlus sensors

  • Jan Berger,
  • Martin Švec,
  • Martin Müller,
  • Martin Ledinský,
  • Antonín Fejfar,
  • Pavel Jelínek and
  • Zsolt Majzik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.1

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  • . All remaining parts can be considered as constants because (i) we assume the Young’s modulus to be constant for quartz tuning forks; and (ii) we found from repeated measurements that variations in t and w are negligible (less than ±2 μm) for our purposes. The dimensions of the prong were determined by
  • case of a straight Au wire, the stiffness can be obtained from where d is the diameter, l is the length of the wire and E is the Young’s modulus (79 GPa for Au). The negligible role of the wire is mainly due to the relatively small diameter (25 μm) of the Au wire. In our case, the typical length of the
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Published 02 Jan 2013

Spring constant of a tuning-fork sensor for dynamic force microscopy

  • Dennis van Vörden,
  • Manfred Lange,
  • Merlin Schmuck,
  • Nico Schmidt and
  • Rolf Möller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.90

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  • simulation by the finite-element method. Result and Discussion Calculation for a rectangular beam The formula for the spring constant of a beam that is clamped on one side is where E is the Young’s modulus (for quartz), τ is the thickness, w the width, and L the length of a prong. For the cantilevers used in
  • offset. According to Equation 4 the spring constants listed in Table 2 are obtained. The higher spring constant at 80 K is most probably due to the increase in Young’s modulus of the glue. The value at room temperature is rather close to the value obtained by the measurements using Hooke’s law. Numerical
  • are valid for the average bonding. In the simulation, both materials, the glue and the tuning fork (quartz), are considered isotropic. COMSOL Multiphysics needs three different material-specific parameters: Young’s modulus, the Poisson ratio and mass density. The values and the origin of these
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Published 29 Nov 2012

Growth behaviour and mechanical properties of PLL/HA multilayer films studied by AFM

  • Cagri Üzüm,
  • Johannes Hellwig,
  • Narayanan Madaboosi,
  • Dmitry Volodkin and
  • Regine von Klitzing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 778–788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.87

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  • . It was found that the film thickness increases linearly with the bilayer number n, ranging between 400 and 7500 nm for n = 12 and 96, respectively. The apparent Young’s modulus E ranges between 15 and 40 kPa and does not depend on the indenter size or the film bilayer number n. Stress relaxation
  • ; viscoelasticity; Young’s modulus; Introduction Polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) have been studied intensely for the past two decades [1][2]. Despite their complex structure and wide range of applicability, PEMs can be prepared simply by alternating deposition of polycations and polyanions by dipping/spraying a
  • biological processes [3]. In this work, scanning- and colloidal-probe AFM were used to perform nanoindentation on poly (L-lysine)/hyaluronan (PLL/HA)n films with n = 12–96, in order to better understand their growth behaviour, apparent Young’s modulus, and viscoelastic properties. Results and Discussion
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Published 21 Nov 2012

Mapping mechanical properties of organic thin films by force-modulation microscopy in aqueous media

  • Jianming Zhang,
  • Zehra Parlak,
  • Carleen M. Bowers,
  • Terrence Oas and
  • Stefan Zauscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 464–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.53

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  • angular frequency of the actuation, kc is the spring constant of the AFM cantilever, and k* is the contact stiffness, The contact stiffness is a function of the reduced Young’s modulus, E*, the tip radius, R, and the applied force, F. Equation 1 explains how the amplitude of the AFM cantilever deflection
  • apparent stiffness of the EG3 layer (see Supporting Information File 1 for details) [65]. The apparent Young’s modulus of the thiols on the surface is around 30 GPa, consistent with moduli of short alkanethiol chains obtained by using SEM and nano-indentation [66][67]. The approach to deconvolute these
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Published 26 Jun 2012

Repulsive bimodal atomic force microscopy on polymers

  • Alexander M. Gigler,
  • Christian Dietz,
  • Maximilian Baumann,
  • Nicolás F. Martinez,
  • Ricardo García and
  • Robert W. Stark

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 456–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.52

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  • (APD) measurements on both freshly cleaned silicon and polystyrene (nominal Young’s modulus of 2.7 GPa; test sample from Bruker AFM Probes, Camarillo, CA) using a Cypher AFM (Asylum Research, Santa Barbara, CA). All of the components required for bimodal operation were implemented in the instrument by
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Published 20 Jun 2012

Conducting composite materials from the biopolymer kappa-carrageenan and carbon nanotubes

  • Ali Aldalbahi,
  • Jin Chu,
  • Peter Feng and
  • Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 415–427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.48

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  • resulted in films with reduced values of tensile strength (TS = 20 MPa), strain-at-break (γ = 2%) and Young’s modulus (E = 1165 MPa) (Table 4). The addition of CNTs resulted in increases in the TS, γ and E values for both MWNTs and SWNTs compared to the corresponding values for the sonicated KC film (Table
  • . Tensile strength, strain-at-break and Young’s modulus were determined from the maximum stress, the strain at failure, and the slope of the initial linear part of the stress–strain curve, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were acquired by using a JEOL JSM-7500FA. Samples were prepared
  • . Summary of the mechanical properties of composite films prepared by evaporative casting (E1–4) and vacuum filtration (B1–4). Young’s modulus (E), tensile strength (TS) and strain-at-break (γ). E1–4 and B1–4 refer to composite films listed in Table 3. Acknowledgments This work was funded by King Saud
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Published 23 May 2012

Theoretical study of the frequency shift in bimodal FM-AFM by fractional calculus

  • Elena T. Herruzo and
  • Ricardo Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 198–206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.22

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  • length scale of the interaction force. For the force which appears in the DMT model [51] where H is the Hamaker constant of the long-range van der Waals forces, d0 is the equilibrium distance, R is the tip radius and Eeff is the effective Young’s modulus, which is related to the Young’s moduli Et and Es
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Published 07 Mar 2012

Direct monitoring of opto-mechanical switching of self-assembled monolayer films containing the azobenzene group

  • Einat Tirosh,
  • Enrico Benassi,
  • Silvio Pipolo,
  • Marcel Mayor,
  • Michal Valášek,
  • Veronica Frydman,
  • Stefano Corni and
  • Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 834–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.93

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  • F (Figure 10), the SAM thickness changes by Δl = l0 − l, where l0 is the initial equilibrium thickness and l the compressed thickness. If the material is assumed to be homogeneous and isotropic, its Young’s modulus E is given by We assume the molecules to behave as ideal (harmonic) springs
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Published 20 Dec 2011

Mechanical characterization of carbon nanomembranes from self-assembled monolayers

  • Xianghui Zhang,
  • André Beyer and
  • Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 826–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.92

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  • one side. The Young’s modulus and the prestress are then calculated from the obtained pressure–deflection relationship. The deflection is usually monitored with an optical microscope, either by viewing the membrane from the side [12] or by using a laser interferometer [13]. Both methods have a
  • the center of the membrane and measuring the corresponding deflection (the central-point method). These techniques can be used to determine Young’s modulus and the prestress. They also allow us to investigate the viscoelastic behavior and thus generate insights into the mechanics of CNMs. Results and
  • pressure. The change of the indentation depth Δδ is given by [10] where δ0 is the step height in topographic AFM images of the nonpressurized membrane, E is the Young’s modulus, σ0 is the residual stress, ν is the Poisson’s ratio and 2a is the length of the short edge of the membrane. The corrected
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Published 20 Dec 2011

Plasmonic nanostructures fabricated using nanosphere-lithography, soft-lithography and plasma etching

  • Manuel R. Gonçalves,
  • Taron Makaryan,
  • Fabian Enderle,
  • Stefan Wiedemann,
  • Alfred Plettl,
  • Othmar Marti and
  • Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 448–458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.49

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  • low Young’s modulus of PDMS used in the fabrication of the stamp, deformed hemispheres may occur for very small PS beads. The zeroth-order reflectance and transmittance of gold films evaporated onto the hemispheres was measured. The low reflectance bands found on coated hemispheres, when compared to
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Published 16 Aug 2011

Infrared receptors in pyrophilous (“fire loving”) insects as model for new un-cooled infrared sensors

  • David Klocke,
  • Anke Schmitz,
  • Helmut Soltner,
  • Herbert Bousack and
  • Helmut Schmitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 186–197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.22

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  • deflection y of this membrane caused by a pressure difference can be calculated as a function of the radial distance r with the shell theory [26] with R: radius of the membrane, D: flexural stiffness of the membrane, E: Young’s modulus, tP: thickness of the membrane, ν: Poisson’s ratio. Equation 2 is a good
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Published 30 Mar 2011

Capillary origami: superhydrophobic ribbon surfaces and liquid marbles

  • Glen McHale,
  • Michael I. Newton,
  • Neil J. Shirtcliffe and
  • Nicasio R. Geraldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 145–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.18

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  • stretching a thin membrane substrate is related to the principal radii of curvatures of the substrate, where κb is the elastic bending rigidity and κG is the Gaussian bending modulus [20]. For a film of thickness h, the bending rigidity is given by κb = Eh3/12(1−ν2), where E is Young’s modulus and ν is
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Published 10 Mar 2011
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