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Search for "anode" in Full Text gives 176 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55
- using Siemens Cu-anode X-ray tube and a horizontal goniometer equipped with a graphite monochromator. The high angle spectra were measured between 10–90° to study the presence of crystalline phase in the samples. Luminescence measurements of the obtained Er/Yb oxide nanoparticles as well as of polymer
Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34
- diodes (OLEDs) where the gold surface of the anode was coated with a self-assembled monolayer. In contrast to the bare gold device, the device consisting of the gold electrode coated with tripodal oligothiophene monolayers exhibited a remarkably improved electroluminescence performance, which lead to a
Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24
- references. The energy resolution was about 50 meV and 200 meV on the TEMPO and BEAR beamlines, respectively. The measurements on thiophenes were performed using a VG-Microtech K-Alpha spectrometer incorporating a monochromatic X-ray source with an Al anode at the Orsay campus. In this case, the energy
Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17
- compared to CVD, and Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): high quality, most common method with low batch yield (≈30 mg/day). In the arc-discharge method, the carbon is evaporated by helium plasma ignited by high current passed through an opposing carbon anode and cathode. This method requires the use of a
- process [96][97]. In the electrochemical exfoliation method, the graphite or HOPG is usually connected to an electrode (anode). The counter electrode (cathode) is usually a platinum (Pt) wire and the setup is usually placed in an acidic solution (Figure 16). The complete exfoliation takes place in 15–30
Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3
- Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Technical Unit for Materials Technologies - Brindisi Research Center, Mesagne (BR), Italy CNR-IFN Bari, Bari, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.7.3 Abstract A one-step electrochemical method based on sacrificial anode electrolysis (SAE) was used to deposit
- of an in situ electrodecoration procedure based on the so called sacrificial anode electrolysis (SAE) [42][43]. Subsequently, ZnO and Au@ZnO nanocomposites, annealed at two different temperatures, 300 and 550 °C, were morphologically and chemically characterized by means transmission and scanning
- ZnO by Au NPs Au@ZnO hybrid nanostructures were prepared by SAE procedure carried out under inert (N2) atmosphere, using a three-electrode cell equipped with an Au anode, a Pt cathode, and an Ag/AgNO3 (0.1 M in acetonitrile) reference electrode [43][47]. The electrodes with area of about 1.25 cm2 were
Surfactant-controlled composition and crystal structure of manganese(II) sulfide nanocrystals prepared by solvothermal synthesis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2319–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.238
- ), ≈100 K (β-MnS), and 154 K (α-MnS) [6]. The interesting physical properties and the rich polymorphism prompted research on MnS nanocrystals (NCs) in view of applications as photoluminescent components [7], photoreduction catalysts [8], anode materials in lithium-ion batteries [9], and supercapacitor
Self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2123–2128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.217
- )3]2+, [Ni(N2H4)2]2+ and [Ni(NH3)6]2+ [30]. The above reaction can be separated into an anode reaction (N2H4 oxidation) and a cathode reaction (Ni deposition). The possible self-assembly mechanism shown in Figure 5 was deduced from the morphology change of Ni nanowires during the reaction and can be
Comprehensive characterization and understanding of micro-fuel cells operating at high methanol concentrations
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2000–2006, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.203
- .6.203 Abstract We report on the analysis of the performance of each electrode of an air-breathing passive micro-direct methanol fuel cell (µDMFC) during polarization, stabilization and discharge, with CH3OH (2–20 M). A reference electrode with a microcapillary was used for separately measuring the anode
- the cathode potential. Information about the open circuit potential (OCP), the voltage and the mass transport related phenomena are available. Using 2 M CH3OH, the anode showed mass transport problems. With 4 and 6 M CH3OH both electrodes experience this situation, whereas with 10 and 20 M CH3OH the
- ][2][3]. Due to the fuel crossover from the anode to the cathode [4][5][6], these systems have to use the fuel in very dilute concentrations (<4 M) [7]. Otherwise, a severe performance loss occurs [8][9][10]. Esquivel et al. have reported a highly performant and efficient passive micro-fuel cell [11
Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186
- .6.186 Abstract The state of the art of conversion reactions of metal hydrides (MH) with lithium is presented and discussed in this review with regard to the use of these hydrides as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. A focus on the gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities for different
- which share the knowledge of both hydrogen-storage and lithium-anode communities. Keywords: conversion reaction; lithium-ion batteries; metal hydrides; Review Introduction To satisfy the continuously raising need for energy is now a key priority worldwide. The challenge is to obtain environmentally
- observed. This combined conversion (MgH2)/alloying (Si) system presents the highest theoretical capacity anode with the possibility to reach approximately 6000 mA·h·g−1. The production of pure Mg0.65Sc0.35H2.25 (1900 mA·h·g−1) by reactive grinding from magnesium and scandium hydride (MgH2 + ScH2) is not
Surface engineering of nanoporous substrate for solid oxide fuel cells with atomic layer-deposited electrolyte
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1805–1810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.184
- coated on the AAO substrate prior to the electrolyte deposition for the anode side current collection and catalytic reaction. We considered the reaction kinetics at the BEC–electrolyte interface and fuel transport through AAO pores as the main design parameters in BEC coating. To investigate the effects
- anode side, implies the possibility of TPB formation on the BEC side (Figure 2B). The transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX) quantitative analysis result in the middle of the thicker BEC (at dotted asterisk) verified the constituent elements of Pt (78.9%), Zr (6.9%), Y
- ) and two pairs of constant phase element and resistance (related to electrode–electrolyte interfacial resistance) [6]. Referring to the previous literatures [6][20][21][22], it is considered that semicircles at higher and lower frequencies correspond to the anode and cathode interfacial resistances
Structural transitions in electron beam deposited Co–carbonyl suspended nanowires at high electrical current densities
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1298–1305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.134
- (right) to anode (left), suggesting that an electromigration effect is involved in the structural transition. This effect occurs in metallic micro- and nanowires under high current densities (106 to 107 A/cm2) and consists in the dragging of metal ions along the electron current direction due to momentum
- is even more evident than before: the metallic part has all migrated toward the anode, leaving a graphitic skeleton behind. Finally, a third SNW (SNW 3) was deposited between the Au pads and stressed electrically until breakdown. As shown in Figure 6a, SNW 3 is 850 nm long, 30–35 nm thick and 25–30
- the Co ions toward the anode side. The gap morphology observed in SNW 3 may have a twofold interpretation. It could be considered as an evolution of the final SNW 2 structure, where, at the boundary between Co grain and graphitized C, a neck forms as the current density is increased, and the C portion
Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131
- File 1. In a next step, a Au layer was sputtered on one side of the polymer template, serving as the cathode for the deposition. It was reinforced with Cu, electrodeposited at room temperature in a two electrode set-up at a potential of −0.5 V between the Cu anode and cathode. The electrodeposition of
- (Metakem, pH 7.5) at −0.7 V in a two-electrode arrangement with a Au wire as anode. Figure 1b displays the resulting CVs for the same three electrolytes as in Figure 1a. In addition, the green curve corresponds to a CV for an electrolyte consisting of 50 mM KAu(CN)2 and 20 mM KAg(CN)2. For the CV of Au we
Superluminescence from an optically pumped molecular tunneling junction by injection of plasmon induced hot electrons
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1100–1106, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.111
- emission intensity depends non-linearly on the optical pump power. The enhanced emission can be modelled by rate equations taking into account hole injection from the tip (anode) into the highest occupied orbital of the closest substrate-bound molecule (lower level) and radiative recombination with an
- the intensity maximum in panel (iii) of Figure 2b. In agreement with theoretical predictions [26][27] the sharp onset of the electroluminescence signal marks the potential difference that has to be overcome by the anode for hole injection into the HOMO of the molecule located at the narrowest position
- ]. The situation here is analogue to a light emitting diode (LED) consisting of a pn-junction. When a voltage is applied to the anode lead of the LED that is more positive than the voltage applied to the cathode lead by at least the forward voltage drop of the LED, a current flows and results in emitted
From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105
- support. Side reactions with the metallic anode and dendrite formation further complicate the cell chemistry, and therefore, the cycle life of both cell systems remains insufficient to date. The Li/O2 cell particularly suffers from additional side reactions related to electrolyte decomposition at the
- the other hand, cell concepts with a molten anode might be easier to realize given the advantages of better kinetics and prevention of dendrite formation. Sodium is softer than lithium, making handling and processing more difficult. On the other hand, avoiding dendrite formation by means of mechanical
- limit is reached. The need to protect the lithium anode from direct contact with water is experimentally challenging, so most research has been devoted to lithium–oxygen batteries with an aprotic electrolyte. Some possible discharge products can be directly predicted from the Li–O phase diagram shown in
Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102
- porosity ε was set to 0.5 such that the capacity of each electrode is equal. The geometries are shown in Figure 1. The left and the right electrode are the anode and the cathode, respectively. They are connected to current collectors through which electrons enter. Note that although electrodes are equal
Experimental determination of the light-trapping-induced absorption enhancement factor in DSSC photoanodes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 886–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.91
- account in the model. Thus, the latter provides an upper limit of the anode specific surface. Moreover, the model assumes the entire surface area is coated by a dye monolayer, neglecting the presence of closed pores, which are not accessible to the dye. The presence of necks between nanoparticles and of
Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 785–791, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.81
- using ultra sharp silicon cantilevers. Optical profilometry measurements were performed using the optical Profilometer-NewView 6200 (Zygo). Grazing incidence XRD (GI-XRD) investigations were performed with a Seifert PTS 3003 diffractometer using a Cu anode and a graphite monochromator with an applied
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17
- small number of works. Triphenylphosphine [98][188][189], and very recently also trimethylphosphine [190], have been used as P precursors to synthesize P-SWCNTs by using CVD, while Krstič et al. used arc discharge with red phosphorus mixed into the anode rod [99]. The synthesis of P-doped graphene has
Synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes and their applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 84–102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.9
- an arc discharge method resulting in a 1–3 nm inner diameter and a length of 200 nm [20]. An arc discharge was generated between a hexagonal BN (h-BN)-filled tungsten rod as an anode and a cooled copper electrode as cathode. The dark gray BNNTs were collected from the surface of the copper cathode
Materials and characterization techniques for high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 68–83, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.8
- components. A conventional high-temperature membrane electrode assembly (HT-MEA) primarily consists of a polybenzimidazole (PBI)-type membrane containing phosphoric acid and two gas diffusion electrodes (GDE), the anode and the cathode, attached to the two surfaces of the membrane. This review article
- membrane is essentially solid and is therefore easier to handle. It is also more tolerant towards pressure differences between cathode and anode and the leaching of phosphoric acid from the PBI polymer during fuel cell operation is less of a concern. Besides PBI, there exist a great number of synthetically
- incorporated into MEAs for cell performances testing. The single cells achieved a peak power of over 100 mW/cm2 at 120 °C with a relatively low platinum loading (0.45 mg/cm2) for both the cathode and the anode. Binder: The polymer-wrapped carbon nanotube catalyst concept elegantly incorporates the binder PBI
Morphology, structural properties and reducibility of size-selected CeO2−x nanoparticle films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 60–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.7
- width at half maximum (FWHM) of the size distribution. After deposition the samples were analyzed with in situ XPS, by using a twin anode X-ray source (XR50, Specs), generating Al Kα photons and a hemispherical electron analyzer (Phoibos 150, Specs). The reduction and oxidation cycles were performed in
Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232
- light emitting thin film composed of chlorophyll a (Chl a) mixed with the SCO complex [Fe(dpp)2](BF)4 (dpp = 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) spin-coated on an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate (anode) and then covered by a 30 nm thick Al cathode (see Figure 6a) [28]. With this configuration, the
- cathode to the anode through the SCO complex. Second, a shift in the energy level of the molecular orbital concerning the electron transport in the SCO complex relative to that of Chl a (Figure 6b) [30] is possible. Thus, at high temperatures (HS state) the injected electrons effectively excite the Chl a
Influence of stabilising agents and pH on the size of SnO2 nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2192–2201, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.228
- for the production of transparent conductive layers or in the production of electrodes in lithium cells [2]. However, a SnO2 anode in a Li-ion cell has poor cycling stability [3]. A potential solution to this problem may be the use of nanoparticles. Tin dioxide nanoparticles of 3 nm diameter have a
Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207
- widely studied for a use in lithium ion batteries [63]. However, also CNOs were studied for a potential application as anode materials. Han et al., for example, reported the large scale synthesis of CNOs starting from CuCl2·2 H2O and CaC2 and found that they exhibit a high capacity in combination with a
- promising cycling performance, which renders these as-prepared CNOs as potential anode materials for lithium-ion batteries [16]. However, no prototype batteries were prepared by the authors of this report. In two recent studies, H. Y. Yang and co-workers reported lithium-ion batteries incorporating CNOs in
- combination with Co3O4 [64] and MnO2 [65] as electrode material. In the earlier study, the CNO-containing anode material was prepared by a solvo-thermal method from cobalt acetate and CNOs and the authors found that the novel composite material showed improved electrochemical properties, compared to pristine
Cathode lens spectromicroscopy: methodology and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1873–1886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.198
- sample surface acts as the cathode held at a negative potential, whereas the anode (objective lens) has a central aperture to allow for the passage of the emitted electrons towards the imaging column. The imaged electrons may originate from different processes such as thermionic emission, secondary
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