Visible light photooxidative performance of a high-nuclearity molecular bismuth vanadium oxide cluster

• Johannes Tucher and
• Carsten Streb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 711–716, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.83

• turnover numbers (TON ca. 1200) and turnover frequencies up to TOF ca. 3.44 min−1 are observed, illustrating the practical applicability of the cluster species. Keywords: photocatalysis; photooxidation; polyoxometalate; self-assembly; vanadium oxide; Introduction The bottom-up self-assembly of molecular

DNA origami deposition on native and passivated molybdenum disulfide substrates

• Xiaoning Zhang,
• Masudur Rahman,
• David Neff and
• Michael L. Norton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 501–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.58

• proteins [5][6], and act as templates for the organization of carbon nanotubes [6][7][8][9]. This bottom-up process offers a tremendous advantage over photolithography, because is enables the patterning of surfaces with feature sizes less than 20 nm [10]. However, some materials may interfere with the base

Oriented attachment explains cobalt ferrite nanoparticle growth in bioinspired syntheses

• Annalena Wolff,
• Walid Hetaba,
• Marco Wißbrock,
• Stefan Löffler,
• Nadine Mill,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Axel Dreyer,
• Inga Ennen,
• Norbert Sewald,
• Peter Schattschneider and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 210–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.23

• chemical bottom-up syntheses under similar conditions [21]. In these biomimetic syntheses, peptides are used which influence the inorganic crystal growth by different mechanisms, such as catalysis or surface adsorption. It was previously shown that c25-mms6, a short synthetic version of the protein MMS6

STM tip-assisted engineering of molecular nanostructures: PTCDA islands on Ge(001):H surfaces

• Amir A. Ahmad Zebari,
• Marek Kolmer and
• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 927–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.104

• nanostructure formation [1][2][3]. As such, self-assembly allows for obtaining nanowires, two dimensional lattices, molecular islands, and molecular mono- and multilayers with a high yield. The resulting structures are often stable and almost perfect. The implementation of bottom-up self-assembly-based methods

A highly pH-sensitive nanowire field-effect transistor based on silicon on insulator

• Denis E. Presnov,
• Sergey V. Amitonov,
• Pavel A. Krutitskii,
• Valentina V. Kolybasova,
• Igor A. Devyatov,
• Vladimir A. Krupenin and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 330–335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.38

• approach does not yield to the one of sensors built in bottom-up approaches. This provides a good background for the development of CMOS-compatible probes with primary signal processing on-chip. Keywords: charge/field sensor; field-effect transistor; nanowire; pH sensor; silicon-on-insulator

Selective surface modification of lithographic silicon oxide nanostructures by organofunctional silanes

• Thomas Baumgärtel,
• Christian von Borczyskowski and
• Harald Graaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 218–226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.22

• selectively immobilized on the structures in order to provide them with an adjustable functionality. A combination of LAO with a treatment of the substrate surface by organic self-assembled monolayers (SAM) is a promising approach for a versatile combined top-down/bottom-up process towards the fabrication of

Characterization and properties of micro- and nanowires of controlled size, composition, and geometry fabricated by electrodeposition and ion-track technology

• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 860–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.97

• two areas of fabrication and characterization, great advances have been reported in recent years. Methods to fabricate nanowires include top-down approaches such as optical and electron-beam lithography, and focused ion beam. More commonly applied bottom-up approaches are, e.g., vapour–liquid–solid

• growth, sol–gel and other chemical methods [10][11]. This review focuses on the bottom-up template method, which provides nanowires of a great variety of materials, from metals to semiconductors, including polymers as well as inorganic and organic compounds [12]. The material of interest is synthesized

Physics, chemistry and biology of functional nanostructures

• Paul Ziemann and
• Thomas Schimmel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 843–845, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.94

• often in combination with suitable templates plays a major role. This aspect of the “bottom-up” methods opens routes towards novel nanolithographies, and due to the practical importance of the issue, the topic will be addressed in a number of contributions to the present Thematic Series. Continuous

Controlled positioning of nanoparticles on a micrometer scale

• Fabian Enderle,
• Oliver Dubbers,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 773–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.86

• arranged in arrays of a certain geometry. For this purpose, a method is introduced combining the bottom-up self-organization of precursor-loaded micelles providing Au nanoparticles (NPs), with top-down electron-beam lithography. As an example, 13 nm Au NPs are arranged in a square array with interparticle

• interparticle distances above 1 µm. The underlying idea is to combine the self-organization of precursor loaded micelles formed from diblock-copolymers in toluene, which is a bottom-up process providing nanoparticles, with top-down electron-beam lithography. As a first simple application, the resulting array of

Ordered arrays of nanoporous gold nanoparticles

• Dong Wang,
• Ran Ji,
• Arne Albrecht and
• Peter Schaaf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 651–657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.74

• , 85748 Garching, Germany Center for Micro- and Nanotechnologies, Ilmenau University of Technology, POB 10 05 65, 98684 Ilmenau, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.3.74 Abstract A combination of a “top-down” approach (substrate-conformal imprint lithography) and two “bottom-up” approaches (dewetting and dealloying

• gold nanoparticles are expected to broaden the range of applications for both gold nanoparticles and nanoporous gold due to their two-level nanostructures (porosity of around 10 nm and particle size of a few hundreds of nanometers). Solid-state dewetting of metal films is a simple “bottom-up” approach

• fabricated by exploiting the dewetting of metallic bilayers [13][16]. By combining both, “top-down” approaches (such as lithography) and “bottom-up” approaches, an ordered array of metallic nanoparticles can be fabricated [15][17][18][19]. The surface of the substrate is prepatterned into periodic structures

Parallel- and serial-contact electrochemical metallization of monolayer nanopatterns: A versatile synthetic tool en route to bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits

• Jonathan Berson,
• Assaf Zeira,
• Rivka Maoz and
• Jacob Sagiv

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.14

• monolayer template for electrochemically generated metal ions, provides a versatile synthetic tool en route to the bottom-up assembly of electric nanocircuits. These findings offer direct experimental support to the view that, in electrochemical metal deposition, charge is carried across the electrode

• chemical methodology applicable to the bottom-up fabrication of planned electric nanocircuits that can be effectively addressed from the external macroscopic world continues to pose major synthetic challenges. Metal growth or deposition on or within a preformed template structure has been successfully used

• silver on monolayer-template features exposing metal-ion-binding functions created by constructive nanolithography offers a versatile and reliable synthetic tool for the deliberate assembly of various metal-on-monolayer nanostructures, to be used as building blocks in the bottom-up fabrication of entire

Self-assembled monolayers and titanium dioxide: From surface patterning to potential applications

• Yaron Paz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 845–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.94

• ) heterojunction nanowires by a “bottom-up” approach [96]. Here, Au–TiO2–Au nanowires were prepared within nanoholes of anodic aluminum oxide templates. The preparation procedure included the deposition of gold by electroplating, chemisorption of 1,8-octanedithiol (HS–(CH2)8–SH), oxidation of the terminal thiol

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• mesotemplate are added to the same reaction vessel. An alternative classification of the different synthesis approaches that is often applied is the distinction between the bottom-up and top-down synthesis strategies [48]. On the one hand, the bottom-up methods build the materials from the precursors up

Organic–inorganic nanosystems

• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 363–364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.41

• control of the chemical composition of the structures or of their spatial arrangement add further difficulties to the preparation. Finally, excluding time consuming, and thus costly, sequential top-down methods, one is almost naturally led to self-organizing bottom-up processes. At this point organic

Review and outlook: from single nanoparticles to self-assembled monolayers and granular GMR sensors

• Alexander Weddemann,
• Inga Ennen,
• Anna Regtmeier,
• Camelia Albon,
• Annalena Wolff,
• Katrin Eckstädt,
• Nadine Mill,
• Michael K.-H. Peter,
• Jochen Mattay,
• Carolin Plattner,
• Norbert Sewald and
• Andreas Hütten

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 75–93, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.10

• interactions is discussed. Keywords: bottom-up particle synthesis; dipolar particle coupling; granular giant magnetoresistance sensor; magnetic nanoparticles; self-assembly; Introduction Magnetic nanoparticles have been thoroughly studied during the last decades due to their many promising applications in

• , nanoparticle fabrication by bottom-up chemical syntheses offer significant advantages: The systematic adjustment of the self-organization process by, e.g., the employment of ligands with different alkyl chain lengths, allows for the independent variation of the particle-matrix volume fraction and the inter

• geometrical configuration. The bottom-up method may be understood as an approach from the opposite direction: A small precursor, commonly an organometal compound or a salt, is decomposed by either thermal or optical excitation, which separates the metal atom from the organic residue, or by a reducing agent

Preparation, properties and applications of magnetic nanoparticles

• Ulf Wiedwald and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2010, 1, 21–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.1.4

• now both, physics and chemistry related approaches. Furthermore, the meanwhile widely accepted distinction between top down and bottom up preparational methods can be applied to the fabrication of NPs as well. Examples for top down approaches are sculpting NPs out of a previously deposited thin film

• minimizing dewetting process on top of an appropriately chosen substrate [5]. Bottom up approaches mainly can be divided into gas phase condensation [2] or various wet chemical routes [1]. Besides scientific curiosity, the motivation behind all these preparational efforts is certainly to obtain NPs optimized