Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• Ni ions influence the crystallization process (which turned out to be slower in comparison to Fe). This observation explains the observed differences in the Mössbauer spectra from those presented in previous studies [17]. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) To confirm the substitution of Fe by

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• the ternary Mg–Cu–Y glasses. Gao et al. [11] performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the structural evolution of a Mg65Cu25Y10 alloy from liquid to glass state. Moreover, Laws et al. [12] provided an analysis of the dynamic crystallization in Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk metallic glass using

• . I(Q) is the corrected, normalized intensity, ci is the atomic concentration of the i-th element, fi is the atomic scattering factor of the i-th kind element, and n is the number of the atomic species in the specimen [22]. The glass transition (Tg), onset (Tx) and peak crystallization (Tp

• glass transition temperature (Tg = 420 K), the onset crystallization temperature (Tx = 467 K) and the peak crystallization temperature (Tp = 474 K) to be determined. The supercooled liquid region (ΔTx = Tx − Tg) is about 54 K. Compared to the Mg65Cu20Y10Zn5 glassy alloy described by Men et al. [33], the

Vapor-phase-synthesized fluoroacrylate polymer thin films: thermal stability and structural properties

• Paul Christian and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 933–942, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.95

• the data. These points correspond to melting, and respectively, crystallization of the lamella. These thermal transition points are in reasonable agreement with those determined from the X-ray diffraction experiment (76 ± 2 and 69 ± 2 °C). The difference is attributed to general sensitivity and

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• hydrocarbon was decomposed through the bulk of metal to the sites of the crystallization into a graphite phase (carbon filaments). The degraded intermediate carbide was restored as a result of the decomposition of hydrocarbon, and this cyclic process took place as long as there were the gaseous source of

First examples of organosilica-based ionogels: synthesis and electrochemical behavior

• Andreas Taubert,
• Ruben Löbbicke,
• Barbara Kirchner and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 736–751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.77

• crystallization or melting peaks are visible in the range of −170 to 150 °C. The fact that the glass transition is less visible in the cooling curves is due to supercooling and indicates rather slow dynamics of the IL due to high viscosity, similar to our previous example [25]. Table 2 shows that the glass

• ] suppresses crystallization of the IL even after over three years at ambient conditions and DSC data reproducibly show a glass transition at around −14 to −9 °C (Figure 11). These data indicate that replacing the propyl with a butyl spacer provides two advantages, (i) a less hazardous synthesis protocol and

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• the majority of modern PSCs consist of nanoscale bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structures [7], changes in the internal structures, such as local crystallization of polymers or phase separation of donor and acceptor mixtures, greatly affect the device performance [8][9]. Extensive research has been

Liquid permeation and chemical stability of anodic alumina membranes

• Dmitrii I. Petukhov,
• Dmitrii A. Buldakov,
• Alexey A. Tishkin,
• Alexey V. Lukashin and
• Andrei A. Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 561–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.60

• material. To avoid the permeability loss of anodic alumina in water solutions, and to take advantage of AAO membrane applications in aqueous medium, one needs to suppress the dissolution efficiency. The most convenient way involves oxolation and partial crystallization of hydroxides to crystalline alumina

• stability improvement towards dissolution. Therefore, we have tested the long-term water permeation stability of thermally treated AAO membranes. The temperature of 600 °C was chosen to induce the crystallization of AAO and to avoid permeance loss due to destruction of the porous structure. However

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• showed much faster diffusion rates (≈4 orders of magnitude higher) with a lower activation enthalpy than the GB diffusion [17]. Moreover, interfacial diffusion coefficients in an Fe3Si nanocomposite produced by crystallization (CRY) from a melt-spun amorphous sample were revealed to be even lower in

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• interesting to note that the formation of spindles in the presence of NH4OH is faster (15 min) compared to the formation of nanoplates using TMAH (45 min). NH4OH is often used as a crystallization modifier and adsorbs preferentially on certain crystal planes. Cone-shaped nanostructures of cobalt were obtained

The longstanding challenge of the nanocrystallization of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)

• Florent Pessina and
• Denis Spitzer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 452–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.49

• of 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Recent advances in crystallization processes and milling technology mark the beginning of a new area which will hopefully lead the pyroelectric industry to finally embrace nanotechnology. This work reviews the previous and current techniques used to

• crystallize RDX at a submicrometer scale or smaller. Several key points are highlighted then discussed, such as the smallest particle size and its morphology, and the scale-up capacity and the versatility of the process. Keywords: crystallization; nanoparticles; RDX; review; submicrometer; 1,3,5

• studies. Therefore, RDX has been used over the years as a reference for crystallization experiments, aiming to reduce the size of energetic organic crystals below a micrometer. Many crystallization processes inspired from other fields of chemistry, such as polymer crystallization, have been applied but

Impact of surface wettability on S-layer recrystallization: a real-time characterization by QCM-D

• Jagoba Iturri,
• Ana C. Vianna,
• Alberto Moreno-Cencerrado,
• Dietmar Pum,
• Uwe B. Sleytr and
• José Luis Toca-Herrera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 91–98, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.10

• character to the sensor. Subsequently, the SCWP was exposed to a 0.1 mg/mL solution of SbpA in crystallization buffer (CB) and left to evolve overnight. As shown in Figure 2c this protein injection caused a sudden decrease in ∆f down to values of around −100 Hz. After that a plateau that remained throughout

Obtaining and doping of InAs-QD/GaAs(001) nanostructures by ion beam sputtering

• Sergei N. Chebotarev,
• Alexander S. Pashchenko,
• Leonid S. Lunin,
• Elena N. Zhivotova,
• Georgy A. Erimeev and
• Marina L. Lunina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 12–20, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.2

• crystallization of quantum-dimensional Ge/Si [21] and InAs/GaAs [22][23] heterostructures by ion-beam sputtering. The features of ion beam crystallization of silicon films [24] were partially investigated. Also, the morphology of Ge-QD/Si nanostructures [25] and photoluminescence of InAs-QD/GaAs nanostructures

• [26] were studied. Above-mentioned publication [22] was the first experimental work in which we investigated the ion-beam crystallization of InAs quantum dots onto GaAs substrates. The growth conditions of the crystallization process were not optimized, so the produced InAs nanoclusters had planar

• the crystallization depending on temperature, energy and beam current was not performed. Neither did we focus on doping processes in our earlier articles. The aim of the present study is to generalize features of crystallization and doping of InAs-QD/GaAs(001) quantum-dot nano-heterostructures grown

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for improved anticancer efficacy and bioavailability of mifepristone

• Huijuan Zhang,
• Fuqiang Wu,
• Yazhen Li,
• Xiping Yang,
• Jiamei Huang,
• Tingting Lv,
• Yingying Zhang,
• Jianzhong Chen,
• Haijun Chen,
• Yu Gao,
• Guannan Liu and
• Lee Jia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1861–1870, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.178

• increased its efficacy by sustained release to reduce drug crystallization [33]. These results suggested that MCNs might be a good drug delivery system for delivery of MIF for cancer therapy. Pharmacokinetic study In our previous study, we found MIF showed distinct pharmacokinetic differences between

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• ]), and also by other quite different methods such as crystallization from amorphous solids [57], extensive work has been performed on the mechanical properties of bulk UFG and nanostructured materials and excellent reviews have been written. Among those previous reviews [19][20][55][56][57][58][59][60

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• obtain flower-like TiO2 nanostructures. To improve crystallization, the nanostructured layers were annealed at 450 °C in argon for 3 h. (C) NS1 – a soft chemistry route was used to synthesize SnO2 nanoparticles [39]. Flower-like TiO2 was immersed in a solution composed of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 10 mM

Properties of Ni and Ni–Fe nanowires electrochemically deposited into a porous alumina template

• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Kazimir I. Yanushkevich,
• Sergej L. Prischepa and
• Elena A. Outkina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1709–1717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.163

• ). Besides, the ions transfer process proceeds in narrow prolonged channels. All these features influence the mechanism of crystallization and, therefore, define physical and chemical properties of deposits. The average size of Ni and Ni–Fe crystallites was calculated using the Debye–Scherer equation: where

Analysis of self-heating of thermally assisted spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory

• Austin Deschenes,
• Sadid Muneer,
• Mustafa Akbulut,
• Ali Gokirmak and
• Helena Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1676–1683, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.160

• temperature was sufficiently low so as to not cause crystallization [7] on the MgO–CoFeB interface, leaving the CoFeB completely amorphous. The Pd–Co layers are treated as an alloy due to the large number of sub-nanometer thick layers. The temperature-dependent materials properties of the PdCo alloy were

Sb₂S₃ grown by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and its application in a hybrid solar cell

• Erki Kärber,
• Atanas Katerski,
• Ilona Oja Acik,
• Arvo Mere,
• Valdek Mikli and
• Malle Krunks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1662–1673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.158

• thermal analysis of the Sb(tu)2Cl3 with tartaric acid as the complexing agent. Besides the requirement stemming from the use of the precursor, temperatures of above 225 °C are required for the crystallization of Sb2S3 [44]. Samples were prepared with the number of Sb2S3 growth cycles ranging from three up

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• quantity of the crystalline phase in comparison with the content of the amorphous phase present in a material. HAp crystallization occurs in accordance with the Ostwald’s rule, so it usually forms from recrystallization of such precursor phases as octacalcium phosphate (OCP), dicalcium phosphate dihydrate

• (DCPD) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) [55]. HAp crystallization during the synthesis ensues in accordance with the mechanism of crystallization from a solution. During the growth process, particles may grow on the surface of sediment or precipitate in all directions. Their growth may be expected

• to increase with the synthesis time until the crystallization process equilibrium has been achieved [55]. During the synthesis in the MSS2 reactor, HAp particles are dissolved and undergo recrystallization. Sharon Kehoe [50] noticed that when dealing with such a process, the smaller particles

Deformation-driven catalysis of nanocrystallization in amorphous Al alloys

• Rainer J. Hebert,
• John H. Perepezko,
• Harald Rösner and
• Gerhard Wilde

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1428–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.134

• crystallization temperature of undeformed ribbons. Keywords: amorphous alloy; annealing; cold-rolling; nanocrystal; shear-band; Findings Crystallization reactions in metallic glasses have been extensively studied due to the beneficial effect of nanocrystal dispersions on mechanical [1][2][3][4] and magnetic

• transition temperature. Examples of deformation-induced crystallization reactions include Fe-based amorphous alloys [12][13][14][15][16], amorphous Ni–P alloy [17], bulk amorphous Zr and Cu–Zr alloys, and amorphous Al alloys [18][19][20][21][22]. The deformation techniques used so far include bending [23

• band crystallization can be motivated with enhanced mobility within the shear bands [37] and the localization of atomic motion within shear bands [38]. Comparatively little is known, however, about the effect of intense deformation on the amorphous phase surrounding the shear bands. The common

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• : ATP depletion; calcium crystallization; cytotoxicity; endocytosis; HeLa cells; LDH; mesenchymal stem cells; morphology; necrosis; particle size; silica nanoparticles; TEM; Introduction Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) are used in a wide range of commercially available products to improve product

Influence of synthesis conditions on microstructure and phase transformations of annealed Sr₂FeMoO_6−x nanopowders formed by the citrate–gel method

• Marta Yarmolich,
• Nikolai Kalanda,
• Sergey Demyanov,
• Herman Terryn,
• Jon Ustarroz,
• Maksim Silibin and
• Gennadii Gorokh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1202–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.111

• crystallization by the citrate–gel method was studied for powders synthesized with initial reagent solutions with pH values of 4, 6 and 9. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the as-produced and annealed powders had the largest Sr2FeMoO6−x agglomerates with diameters in the range of 0.7–1.2 µm. The average

• by understanding its crystallization process, a Sr2FeMoO6−x material with enhanced properties can be produced. Experimental Sr2FeMoO6−x powders were prepared by the citrate–gel route (a particular case of the sol–gel method), using Sr(NO3)2 (99.9%), Fe(NO3)3·9H2O (99.9%), (NH4)6Mo7O24 (99.9%) and

• ), SFMO-6 (pH 6) and SFMO-9 (pH 9) and then were used to study the sequence of phase transformations during Sr2FeMoO6−x crystallization. In order to obtain a single-phase Sr2FeMoO6−x powder, SFMO-4, SFMO-6 and SFMO-9 powders were annealed at temperatures ranging from 770 to 1270 K by means of a

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

Phenalenyl-based mononuclear dysprosium complexes

• Yanhua Lan,
• Andrea Magri,
• Olaf Fuhr and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.92

• hydrogen bonds packs the molecules together and drives the co-crystallization. Additionally, weak π–π stacking (ca. 3.61 Å) between the phenalenyl moieties of 2a and 2b might be also responsible for the co-crystallization of the complexes in one asymmetric unit. Compound [Dy(PLN)3(H2O)2]·H2O (3

Synthesis of cobalt nanowires in aqueous solution under an external magnetic field

• Xiaoyu Li,
• Lijuan Sun,
• Hu Wang,
• Kenan Xie,
• Qin Long,
• Xuefei Lai and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 990–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.91

• serve as solvents in most of the experiments. They can provide stable process for preparing nanowires owing to the relatively high viscosity of these solvents. Reactions proceed gently in organic solvents, which results in a high degree of crystallization and a high dispersibility of the nanowires