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Search for "dynamic" in Full Text gives 743 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39
- . Brighter islands of 5–10 nm in size were still visible, separated by darker structures with a branched form, which can be considered remainders of the ordered layer. Many voids can be observed here. Unlike the dynamic free volume pores of polymers, these voids remain stable after multiple STM scans. By
Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37
- relevant for a number of niche tasks where performance and energy efficiency are critically important. In this paper, we consider the basic elements for superconducting neural networks on radial basis functions. We examine the static and dynamic activation functions of the proposed neuron. Special
- tracking performance in control systems for a class of nonlinear and non-Gaussian stochastic dynamic processes [6]. An important example for this work is the cognitive radio, which is able to receive information about the features of the “radio environment” and adjust its operating parameters based on this
- ][25] as well as read-out circuits for quantum computing [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. They realize a unique combination of a wide dynamic range and high sensitivity when receiving signals, with high performance and energy efficiency at the stage of the processing. It seems reasonable to implement
A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34
- room temperature. The response of the sensing layers was calculated by the relative resistance change: where R0 is the resistance at room temperature in synthetic air and Rg is the resistance of the sensor in the presence of the specific gas. The dynamic responses of sensing layers for gases are
Effect of sample treatment on the elastic modulus of locust cuticle obtained by nanoindentation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 404–410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.33
- elastic modulus continuously as a function of the indentation depth (Figure 1d). The method involves applying a dynamic load on the top of the static load while loading. The dynamic unloading part is then used to measure the stiffness, which is further processed to calculate the elastic modulus of the
Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31
- and growth, thus shortening the expansion process [30][31][32]. In this regard, Sulaiman et al. explored the 3D culture of MSCs on gelatin microspheres (GMs) in a dynamic culture system for the fast generation of a higher amount of MSCs and the improvement of their chondrogenic differentiation [31
- ]. The results showed that MSCs cultured on GMs in a dynamic culture displayed a faster proliferation rate and higher stemness properties compared with those in two dimensional (2D) and 3D static culture systems [31]. Moreover, culturing MSCs on GMs in a dynamic system with the chondrogenic induction
- medium (CIM) enhanced their in vitro chondrogenesis compared to a static culture system [31]. Therefore, the combination of the 3D culture system (GM), CIM, and dynamic culture would be an ideal design for MSC based therapies for articular cartilage defects. 3.1.2 Nanomaterial-assisted cartilage TE
Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30
- TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The TMV-cp samples in this work are polydisperse and non-spherical, which complicates the interpretation of DLS data. Because DLS is a light scattering technique, the signal intensity is proportional to the sixth power of the radius [39]. This means that the
A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27
- dynamic range by a factor of 5. For typical YBaCuO Josephson junctions fabricated on a ZrYO bicrystal substrate by magnetron deposition, the following parameters were obtained at a temperature of 77 K: responsivity = 9 kV/W; NEP = 3·10−13 W/Hz(1/2); power dynamic range = 1·106. Keywords: array
- the electromagnetic analysis and numerical simulation of the broadband detector based on a series of HTSC bicrystal Josephson junctions to maximize response, power dynamic range, and noise-equivalent power. Electromagnetic Simulation Figure 1a–c shows options for the geometry of a log-periodic antenna
- despite the fact that the responsivity decreases with increasing power, the NEP remains almost unchanged over a wide range of PMW. Another important characteristic is the power dynamic range D = PS/P0. Here PS is the upper limit for which the detector response deviates from linearity. The 3 dB criterion
Coordination-assembled myricetin nanoarchitectonics for sustainably scavenging free radicals
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 284–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.23
- dynamic light scattering were used to record absorption spectra and size change. Cytotoxicity experiment in vitro The cytotoxicity of the as-prepared MZG nanoparticles was assessed against 3T3 cells. 3T3 cells were cultivated with Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine
- shows spherical MZG nanoparticles. Size and zeta potential value of the MZG nanoparticles were 44.6 ± 26.5 nm and −23.1 ± 3.4 mV, respectively, measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) (Figure 2b) and consistent with the TEM results. Importantly, the co-assembly mechanism was further revealed through
Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22
- thorough shape analysis into the assessment of emerging platforms from the very onset of their expansion into the general nano-bio research. The solution-based corollary to dry-state imaging that can provide the above parameters is dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS uses the deconvolution of a correlation
- process. Dynamic light scattering DLS measurements were performed on particles in their hydrated state using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical). The solution in which the particles were suspended was DPBS. DLS was employed to measure the particle size distribution after particle collection and
Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20
- 59.4 emu/g (Figure 1c) and stronger absorption intensities at the NIR wavelength of 808 nm than individual nanoparticles [17]. In addition, the dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of NPCs suspended in aqueous culture medium reflected good dispersion (Figure 1d). The colloidal stability of our
- morphology of the as-synthesized nanoparticle clusters was characterized with a JEOL JEM-2100 transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) The synthesized Fe3O4 NPCs were diluted in RPMI 1640 medium to a final concentration of 0.25 mg/mL. The particle size distribution was
Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15
- conversion efficiency and by an accumulation of photosensitizers in tumor sites. ROS-related cancer therapeutics such as photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and chemical dynamic therapy showed great potential to significantly enhance the precision and efficacy of cancer therapeutics [14]. Neoplastic
- , hydrophilicity, and functional groups that can affect the PC formation. Interestingly, a dynamic aspect that impacts the PC formation is referred to as the “Vroman effect”, a phenomenon where the proteins that are initially associated with nanomaterials get exchanged by a new set of proteins that possess higher
Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14
- as well. Under high dynamic strain more output voltage is generated than under low dynamic strain. The maximum current density shown by the device is 172.5 nA/cm2. The developed piezoelectric nanofiber sensor was then integrated into a knitted fabric through stitching to be used for angle measurement
- to develop sensors that were a wearable type of a goniometer. These sensors were then tested under static and dynamic conditions. For another application, researchers designed and developed a purely textile-based capacitive pressure sensor to be integrated and embedded into the garments to monitor
- development. Subsequently, conductive tape was attached to both sides of the film in a way that it covered the maximum area of the sheet (Figure 1). The developed piezoelectric sensor was tested in knee angle measurements using a digital oscilloscope. The sensor was exposed to low and high dynamic strains
Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12
- Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.13.12 Abstract Thermal oxidation of Si(113) in a monolayer regime was investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Dynamic processes during thermal oxidation were examined in three
- understand thermal oxidation on silicon surfaces as well as metal-induced oxidation and silicidation [2]. Nevertheless, dynamic processes in oxidation have been studied scarcely so far, especially for high-index silicon surfaces. The study of the oxides grown on high-index silicon surfaces is of great
- experimental challenge toward elucidating the dynamic processes in oxidation. For example, the formation processes of iron oxide nanoparticles have been studied in detail using state-of-the-art X-ray scattering methods [4]. As a complementary method, variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (VT-STM
A photonic crystal material for the online detection of nonpolar hydrocarbon vapors
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 127–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.9
- . Black lines show the linear correspondence of the experimental data. (a) Photo of the sensor and (b) electron microscopy image of a CCA of polystyrene particles without a PDMS layer on a glass substrate (effective particle size = 201 nm). The data obtained with dynamic light scattering slightly
- overestimates the diameter in comparison with the data obtained from microphotographs. This may be related to the specificity of the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method (hydrodynamic diameter measurement). A mechanism of detecting hydrocarbons with a sensor based on a 3D PhC: (a, b) swelling of colloidal
Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8
- CCD method produces nearly uniform, peanut-shaped particles. The size distribution determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) was 759 ± 25 nm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images confirmed this size range (Figure 1C). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of particles produced with
Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6
- particles used for pGFP transfection. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 72: Supporting Information contains dynamic light scattering (DLS), photoluminescence spectra, and zeta potential analysis of SPION@bPEI, SPION@bPEI/pDNA, SPION@bPEI-Erb, SPION @bPEI-Erb/pDNA, and SPION@bPEI-Erb/pDNA
Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2
Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99
- electrophoresis. All samples moved towards the positive potential due to the negatively charged PMA coating (Figure 2d). The colloidal stability (i.e., hydrodynamic size, surface charge, and polydispersity index, PDI) of NPs was assessed using dynamic light scattering (DLS). All NPs (PMA-coated, and drug-attached
Cantilever signature of tip detachment during contact resonance AFM
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1286–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.96
- distinct features appear with high drive amplitudes as the fundamental assumption of permanent contact is lost [24][25][26][27]. Though nonlinear phenomena in CR-AFM have been connected to the mechanism of detachment in these prior works, less is understood about the dynamic response of the cantilever
- experimental measurements in Figure 1a reveal interesting features in the dynamic behavior of the cantilever as it is driven by increasing the harmonic excitation amplitude. At the lowest drive amplitude, the response amplitude frequency sweep displays linear behavior, that is, a symmetric resonance peak over
- , the equilibrium indentation Δ* is defined as: where w*(L1) is the equilibrium deflection of the cantilever at the location of the probe tip L1, shown in Figure 5b, and Z is the undeflected tip position (upward) relative to the undeformed sample surface. While vibrating, the dynamic indentation Δdyn is
A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91
- applied in the study of dynamic properties of liquids including diffusion and slip flow behavior, and in the prediction of the slip length at the nanoscale [35][36][37]. Owing to the rapid development of technology, experimental studies of flow boundary conditions have been successfully extended to
Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90
- flexible console with a sharp tip at the end. Two main classes of scanning methods can be distinguished, namely contact and dynamic scanning. During contact scanning, the tip is pressed against the surface and the pressing force is controlled by the deflection of the console. A similar way to control the
- interaction of the probe with the sample is used in off-resonance dynamic modes [6]. Although they have various names, depending on the specific manufacturer (PeakForce Tapping, Hybrid Mode, Digital Pulsed Force Mode), a common feature of these methods is that the transition to the contact is carried out
- classical contact mode, the friction force can be measured; when using off-resonance dynamic modes, stiffness and adhesion in the samples can be determined. Obviously, in determining the mechanical properties, the force of tip–surface interaction should be somewhat greater than that required if the task is
Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88
- gradient or a thermal gradient. The diffusivity and dynamic viscosity affect the way in which mass is transported on the substrate. These gradients cause a circulatory flow of fluid, influence the mass transport, and eventually result in differently patterned fractal structures. The effects are
- diffractograms of Si NWs and Si/WO3 NWs. Figure 17g–j demonstrates the dynamic response of composite and pure Si NWs to NO2 at different concentrations at room temperature, and the response of the composite to different gases. The composite sensor with p–n heterojunctions successfully transferred charge carriers
- , respectively. Figure 21h and Figure 21i show the response as function of the concentration of the HOCSD sensor and response transients towards 50 ppm of HCOOH at 260 °C, respectively. Figure 21j and Figure 21k show the dynamic response curve for N2H4 and n-BuNH2 with varying concentrations at an operating
Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85
- the aggregated state and can be used for imaging [51]. Importantly, NI exhibits hydrophobicity and π–π stacking due to the aromatic moieties, and is prone to dynamic aggregation, which can be used in self-assembled construction units [52]. For example, Hsu et al. [53] self-assembled NI and
pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84
- Cell, USA). NOR@IONP synthesis, at each of the respective pH, were performed with 3 distinct replicates. Nanoparticle characterization The hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles was determined after re-dispersing in milli-Q water and loading the sample in a cuvette for dynamic light scattering (DLS
- nanoparticles. (a) Dynamic light scattering plot of number (%) v/s size (nm) of the nanoparticles in solution at the end of synthesis (n = 3). (b) Transmission electron microscopy image with a 50 nm scale bar. (c) X-ray diffraction plot indicating the Bragg’s 2θ diffraction angles identical to peaks observed
- for crystalline iron oxide. (d) FTIR spectrum of transmittance v/s wavenumber, depicting major functional groups of iron oxide and NOR. Characterization of NOR@IONPpH10 nanoparticles. (a) Dynamic light scattering plot of number (%) v/s size (nm) of the nanoparticles in solution at the completion of
Criteria ruling particle agglomeration
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1093–1100, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.81
- this special case, the two definitions of the entropy above are equivalent. In this context, it is important to mention that during agglomeration, which is a dynamic process, the number of objects is not constant. At the beginning of the agglomeration process, the number of initial particles is Ntot
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