Ultrasmall magnetic field-effect and sign reversal in transistors based on donor/acceptor systems

• Thomas Reichert and
• Tobat P. I. Saragi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1104–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.112

• , alternative explanations cannot be excluded. In particular magnetic-field sensitive intermolecular radical pair states [18] as well as a magnetic-field dependent electron transfer between donor–acceptor units may also play a role [32]. However, our experimental findings can be satisfactorily elucidated within

High photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/TiO₂ nanocomposites prepared by photodeposition for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

• Shu Chin Lee,
• Hendrik O. Lintang and
• Leny Yuliati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 915–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.93

• photodeposition of Fe2O3. The electron transfer kinetics of a material can be calculated using Equation 1: where k is the heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constant, R is the gas constant, T is temperature (K), n represents the number of transferred electrons per molecule of the redox probe, F is the Faraday

• /TiO2 heterojunction might promote better electron transfer which resulted in improved photocatalytic activity of the Fe2O3(0.5)/TiO2 (PD) material. Photoluminescence has been associated with electron–hole recombination of a photocatalyst [39]. In this study, the ability of an Fe2O3 co-catalyst to

• (−4.78 eV relative to absolute vacuum scale (AVS)) is lower than that of TiO2 (−4.21 eV relative to AVS) [43], Fe2O3 could act as an electron trapper that captured the photogenerated electrons from the TiO2 that were not used for reduction of oxygen, instead of recombination with holes. Such electron

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• for the ORR in alkaline electrodes. It is even larger than N-doped carbon black or N-doped GSs (N-GSs) due to its 3D macroporous structure and high surface area, in addition to exhibiting a higher current density, lower ring current, lower H2O2 yield, higher electron transfer, and better durability

• hybrids show improved supercapacitor performance compared to bare NiO electrodes (Figure 7) [203]. The introduction of 3D ultrathin derived graphene and Ni foam scaffolds significantly increases the electron transfer rate and also the electrochemical activity of the reversible reaction of NiII and NiIII

Photo-ignition process of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferrocene by continuous wave Xe lamp illumination

• Paolo Visconti,
• Patrizio Primiceri,
• Daniele Longo,
• Luciano Strafella,
• Paolo Carlucci,
• Mauro Lomascolo,
• Arianna Cretì and
• Giuseppe Mele

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 134–144, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.14

• itself in its excited form and is thus capable of promoting electron transfer to MWCNTs. In this way, the resulting radical species, FeCp2+∙ and MWCNT−, easily react with oxygen giving rise to the ignition of MWCNT/ferrocene samples. Keywords: absorption spectra; CW Xe light source; metal nanoparticle

• catalysis of photo-chemically induced reactions). From a fundamental viewpoint, the photo-chemical behavior of ferrocene and its derivatives is a topic of increasing interest. New applications are emerging in which ferrocene acts as a redox center to allow the occurrence of energy and electron transfer

• obtained results One of the central aspects in CNT chemistry and physics is their interaction via electron transfer. The intermolecular interactions with electronic charge transfers between nanotubes and ferrocene showed that this composite material can be used for converting solar energy into energy to

Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• ) while changes of the morphological and the electronic structure dominate in the case of B) and D). Surface phenomena determine the gas-sensor response in the case of decorated nano-heterostructures, D). As shown in [6], electron transfer over n–n-type heterojunctions can account for sensor sensitization

• greatly enhanced when a sufficient concentration of electrons is provided. It is usually assumed that SnO2 grains are more suitable for oxygen adsorption, thus electron transfer from TiO2 grains is necessary to increase the number of adsorption sites. Electron transfer from TiO2 to SnO2 is provided by an

• an n–n heterojunction, b) electron transfer from a TiO2 to a SnO2 grain providing active gas adsorption sites. EF: Fermi energy, EVB: valence band maximum energy, ECB: conduction band minimum energy, Eg: energy band gap, e−: electron, O−: singly ionized oxygen adatom. Comparison between XRD patterns

Graphene–polymer coating for the realization of strain sensors

• Carmela Bonavolontà,
• Carla Aramo,
• Massimo Valentino,
• Giampiero Pepe,
• Sergio De Nicola,
• Gianfranco Carotenuto,
• Angela Longo,
• Mariano Palomba,
• Simone Boccardi and
• Carosena Meola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 21–27, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.3

• is proportional to the square root of the actual energy barrier Ec between grains, which can be approximated by the energy of an electron transfer between a charged platelet to a neutral one as: where is the Plank constant and the energy barrier Ec is given by where the average grain size is s and ε

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• different electrodes in the presence of 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− containing 0.1 M KCl. As it can be seen, compared to bare SPCE, the peak current decreased after coating the SPCE with streptavidin and further probe immobilization, which apparently blocked and reduced the electron transfer of [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− to

• the electrodes. In contrast, after the addition of nanoprobe/miR-106a, the highest peak current was obtained, which was attributed to electro-conductivity properties of gold NPs that could accelerate the electron transfer [45]. Optimization of the fabrication and biosensing procedure In order to

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• composites of PEDOT/PSS and AuNPs, CuPc or LuPc2 as electron mediators and to investigate the existence of synergistic effects in the electron transfer occurring during biosensing. In order to pursue the two objectives proposed, PEDOT/PSS/EM electrodes were prepared by depositing a layer of AuNPs, CoPc or

• /PSS following the order PEDOT/PSS/LuPc2 > PEDOT/PSS/AuNPs > PEDOT/PSS/CuPc. This enhanced conductivity can contribute to the observed improvement of the electron transfer rate of the sensors that will be shown in the following. The mechanism of the conductivity enhancement can be different depending

• the enhanced electron transfer rate provided by the composites due to the interactions between two electrocatalytic components. In particular, the excellent response of the PEDOT/PSS/LuPc2 electrode can be due to the interaction between the free radical LuPc2 and the radical intermediate produced

In situ formation of reduced graphene oxide structures in ceria by combined sol–gel and solvothermal processing

• Jingxia Yang,
• Johannes Ofner,
• Bernhard Lendl and
• Ulrich Schubert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1815–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.174

• because of the electron transfer [9][16]. The distribution of rGO was investigated by Raman mapping. Only the mappings for the samples with 0.2 g, 0.05 g and 0.02 g rGO are reproduced in Figure 2, because the Raman intensity for GO proportions of 0.1 and 0.05 g were almost the same. For a GO proportion of

Role of RGO support and irradiation source on the photocatalytic activity of CdS–ZnO semiconductor nanostructures

• Suneel Kumar,
• Rahul Sharma,
• Vipul Sharma,
• Gurunarayanan Harith,
• Vaidyanathan Sivakumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1684–1697, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.161

• UV region, and charge carriers are generated in both of these semiconductors. In this case, in addition to the electron transfer from the CB of CdS to the CB of ZnO, simultaneous hole transfers also occur from the VB of ZnO to VB of CdS, as the VB of CdS is more cathodic than the VB of ZnO [72]. Thus

Scanning probe microscopy studies on the adsorption of selected molecular dyes on titania

• Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki,
• Lukasz Zajac,
• Piotr Olszowski,
• Res Jöhr,
• Antoine Hinaut,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Bartosz Such,
• Ernst Meyer and
• Marek Szymonski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1642–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.156

• is compatible with the characteristics required of DSSC applications [48]. In particular, the LUMO of FePc is above the substrate conduction band minimum, and the LUMO of BiPy is located between these two states. This configuration should allow electron transfer from the exited state of the FePc

Filled and empty states of Zn-TPP films deposited on Fe(001)-p(1×1)O

• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Rossella Yivlialin,
• Andrea Picone,
• Federico Bottegoni and
• Marco Finazzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1527–1531, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.146

• in tuning the barrier height [16]. With these interfaces, the sign of the dipole is deduced from the decreasing substrate work function and interpreted in terms of a (partial) electron transfer from the organic material to the Fe(001)-p(1×1)O surface [14]. In this picture, the direction of the dipole

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• section [40]. Simultaneously, the variation of the PANI region width would have effects on the width of the In2O3 region and on the p–n junction. The electrons of In2O3 and holes of PANI move in opposite directions until the new Fermi level (EF-NH3) reaches equilibrium. In this process, the electron

• transfer between the n-type In2O3 and p-type PANI is obstructed due to the potential barrier. Thus the depletion layer between PANI and In2O3 becomes wider and the resistance of the material increases [27][41][42]. According to the response definition (S = (Ri − R0)/R0), the increase in resistance

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• representatives of nanomaterials used in the construction of electrochemical sensors with good performance. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected due to their advantages such as rapid electron transfer rate and high electrocatalytic activity. The glassy carbon working electrode was electrochemically

• cyclic voltammetric waves. This behavior was reported earlier by Abdel-Hamid and Newair [27]. The first anodic CV wave was attributed to one-electron transfer oxidation of the −OH group to form an o-semiquinone radical cation, which is neutralized on deprotonation. The neutral radical is further oxidized

• by irreversible loss of the second electron transfer and second proton to the final product giving the second anodic voltammetric wave. The effect of scan rate on cyclic voltammograms of GA was studied on the PGA/MWCNT/GC modified electrode (Figure 5). Upon increasing the scan rate (ν) in the

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• electron transfer is available for the generation of a photocurrent [11]. Experimental Synthesis: The procedure for synthesizing cubic HfO2 NPs was carried out in a glove box (O2 and H2O, <1 ppm). In a typical synthesis, hafnium tert-butoxide ((Hf(Ot-Bu)4) precursor (STREM 99.9%) (0.87 mmol) was added to

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• FRET, which deactivate the excited state of the QD. Competing nonradiative processes in these systems usually imply a photoinduced electron transfer or formation of new local surface trap states in the QD induced by the bound acceptor molecule [18][23]. It should be noted that electron transfer in QD

Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response

• Morten Slyngborg,
• Yao-Chung Tsao and
• Peter Fojan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 914–925, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.83

• study electron transfer in cyclic voltammetry [45]. Cysteamine is the simplest stable aminothiol, hence it readily adsorbs onto gold surfaces and forms a self-assembled monolayer which is often used as the first layer in the functionalization of surfaces [46]. In all experiments the ECM fabricated with

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• decreases drastically indicating that the AuE surface was blocked and the electron transfer between the modified electrode surface and the [Fe(CN)6]4− is hindered. The next step was to verify the electrochemical behaviour with regard to [Fe(CN)6]4− of the decorated vesicles (AuNPs–SH–DOPC LUVs) with AuNPs

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• ethanol molecules, which leads to the electron transfer between the surface and the interior layer [77][78]. Secondly, the direct adsorption of ethanol molecules may cause changes in the morphology of protein molecules, resulting in an increase in the surface resistance [77]. The formation of localized

Invariance of molecular charge transport upon changes of extended molecule size and several related issues

• Ioan Bâldea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 418–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.37

• ) electron transfer processes contributing to the current. For simplicity, it is assumed that V > 0. Taking the limit V→0 in Equation 7, one gets the well-known formula for conductance, , i.e., “conductance is transmission”: where = 2e2/h is the conductance quantum. The second-quantized Hamiltonian of the

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• described and chemisorbed on gold surfaces. In these molecular tripods, which yield a stable and perpendicular chemisorption of molecules, however, little or no attention has been paid to maintaining the functionality of anchored molecules. In order to enable a fast electron transfer a strong and defined

• gold surfaces as compared with the corresponding monopodal anchor groups. However, the electron-transfer and charge-dissipation characteristics of the tripodal thiolated molecules and monopodal thiolated species are generally similar, which proved that the redox-active termini are electronically well

Molecular machines operating on the nanoscale: from classical to quantum

• Igor Goychuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 328–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.31

• electronic states of the pump. This process is complex. It requires, apart from intramolecular electron transfer, also uptake and release of electrons from two baths of electrons on different sides of a membrane, which can be provided, for example, by mobile electron carriers [1]. However, intramolecular

• electron transfer (ET) between two heme metalloclusters seems to be a rate limiting step. Such ET presents vibrationally assisted electron tunneling between two localized quantum states [38][39]. Given the weak electron tunneling coupling between the electronic states, the rate can be calculated using the

Case studies on the formation of chalcogenide self-assembled monolayers on surfaces and dissociative processes

• Yongfeng Tong,
• Tingming Jiang,
• Azzedine Bendounan,
• Makri Nimbegondi Kotresh Harish,
• Angelo Giglia,
• Stefan Kubsky,
• Fausto Sirotti,
• Luca Pasquali,
• Srinivasan Sampath and
• Vladimir A. Esaulov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 263–277, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.24

• these results, one sees that on Au (which is considered to be nonreactive), thiophene and its various derivatives undergo S–C bond scission. The catalytic activity and electron transfer processes for Au have been extensively investigated in recent years and are shown to be quite large on nanoclusters

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

Effects of electronic coupling and electrostatic potential on charge transport in carbon-based molecular electronic junctions

• Richard L. McCreery

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 32–46, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.4

• contacts and the molecules. Electronic coupling is a factor in most treatments of electron transfer, including Marcus theory, tunneling between two sites, and transport through numerous sites in the “tight binding” models of conducting solids. In all three cases, stronger electronic coupling increases the

• electron transfer and/or the conductance relevant to the chemical system considered. These theories will not be reviewed here, but all contain a factor for electronic coupling, often denoted “t”, or “Hab”. For example, the “tight binding” model for off-resonance transport in molecular tunnel junctions

• height as well as a coupling term, both of which affect the overall electron transfer rate. A case relevant to the current discussion is coupling between two orbitals in separate but identical molecules, for example the HOMO orbitals of G9. By definition, these orbitals have identical energies when the