Monolayer graphene/SiC Schottky barrier diodes with improved barrier height uniformity as a sensing platform for the detection of heavy metals

• Ivan Shtepliuk,
• Jens Eriksson,
• Volodymyr Khranovskyy,
• Tihomir Iakimov,
• Anita Lloyd Spetz and
• Rositsa Yakimova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1800–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.173

• with functionalized gold nanoparticles and DNA for detecting mercury ions in aqueous solution was also demonstrated [19][22]. It has to be pointed out that graphene loses part of its exotic properties after oxidation, thereby degrading its intrinsically high sensing capability. Furthermore, according

Surface-enhanced infrared absorption studies towards a new optical biosensor

• Lothar Leidner,
• Julia Stäb,
• Jennifer T. Adam and
• Günter Gauglitz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1736–1742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.166

• to signal enhancement is demonstrated by the surface-enhanced infrared attenuated infrared total reflection (SEIRA-ATR) set-up used by López-Lorente and co-workers [13]. Gold nanoparticles were directly synthesized within a liquid cell of an ATR unit and deposited on the surface of the ATR waveguide

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• on nanopatterned ECM-mimicking surfaces was evaluated [251]. For this, the authors applied an array of biofunctionalized gold nanostructures. The gold nanoparticles on these surfaces have a diameter of 8 nm and had interparticle spacings of 40 nm or 90 nm and were conjugated with a RGD-peptide or a

Photothermal effect of gold nanostar patterns inkjet-printed on coated paper substrates with different permeability

• Mykola Borzenkov,
• Anni Määttänen,
• Petri Ihalainen,
• Maddalena Collini,
• Elisa Cabrini,
• Giacomo Dacarro,
• Piersandro Pallavicini and
• Giuseppe Chirico

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1480–1485, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.140

• Chemistry, Center of Functional Materials, Åbo Academi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, 20500, Turku, Finland Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.7.140 Abstract Inkjet printing of spherical gold nanoparticles is widely applied in the

• fabrication of analytical and diagnostics tools. These methods could be extended to non-spherical gold nanoparticles that can efficiently release heat locally when irradiated in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region, due to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). However, this promising application

• of gold nanoparticles in nanomedicine [8][9][10][11][12], and in the fabrication of a broad spectrum of printed diagnostic and analytical tools [13][14][15]. Gold nanoparticles have also large extinction cross-sections in the range of 700–1100 nm (known as the bio-transparent window) because of

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• knowledge, has not been reported in the literature. However, plasmon peak tuning of gold nanoparticles with an electric field in an electrochemical cell has been recently shown [17], opening the way to a new strategy for electro-optical switches with metal nanostructures. In this paper we show experimental

• diameter). An exact evaluation would require a deeper analysis. Moreover, Brown et al. [17] showed that the electrochemical doping of gold nanoparticles in solution is, apart from a change in carrier density, accompanied by an increase in the surrounding medium refractive index. A change of the dielectric

Straightforward and robust synthesis of monodisperse surface-functionalized gold nanoclusters

• Silvia Varela-Aramburu,
• Richard Wirth,
• Chian-Hui Lai,
• Guillermo Orts-Gil and
• Peter H. Seeberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1278–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.118

• Nanoparticles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm are ideal tools to study biological processes [1][2]. Many different materials, including gold, have been used to create nanoparticles [3][4][5][6]. Gold nanoparticles are an attractive platform because of their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and low

• immunogenicity [7], their inherent optoelectronic properties [8] and high transmission electron microscopy (TEM) contrast. They are relatively easy to synthesize, functionalize, are biocompatible and have controllable optical properties [3][9][10][11][12]. Therefore, gold nanoparticles functionalized with

• carbohydrates [13], proteins [14], antibodies [15] and DNA [16] are commonly used as multivalent materials for biological studies. Gold nanoparticles have been used in vivo as radiotracers [15][17], for targeted delivery [18] and, when functionalized with carboxylic acids, inhibit β-amyloid fibril growth

Tunable longitudinal modes in extended silver nanoparticle assemblies

• Serene S. Bayram,
• Klas Lindfors and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1219–1228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.113

• temperatures. These robust AgNPs assemblies are comparably thermally resistant to previously described self-assembled gold nanoparticles [38] allowing for a broader blue-shifted bimodal optical tuning of plasmonic assemblies. To further examine the influence of hydrogen bonding on the assembly, the thiol and

• produce highly anisotropic UV–visible spectra reminiscent of high aspect ratio 1D nanoparticles such as rods. While such structures have been observed for gold nanoparticles, the greater reactivity of silver has made its controlled assembly more difficult. This degree of anisotropy reported here, with

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• nanoparticles [26][27]. Birojou et al. have also observed that in the case of nonfunctionalized graphene decorated by gold nanoparticles via electrostatic interactions, the defect sites on the graphene are preferentially decorated by the Au nanoparticles with an increase in the sp2 hybridization of graphene in

Sandwich-like layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles with tunable SERS properties

• Zhicheng Liu,
• Lu Bai,
• Guizhe Zhao and
• Yaqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1028–1032, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.95

• 10.3762/bjnano.7.95 Abstract Sandwich-like layer-by-layer thin films consisting of polyelectrolytes and gold nanoparticles were utilized to construct surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with tunable SERS properties. It is found that both the size of the nanoparticles in the layers and the

• multilayer thin films could be obtained using LbL assembly techniques via electrostatic interactions [15]. By controlling the number of deposition layers, the plasmonic properties as well as the SERS properties could be tuned easily. Moreover, Kim and co-workers showed that gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) could

A terahertz-vibration to terahertz-radiation converter based on gold nanoobjects: a feasibility study

• Kamil Moldosanov and
• Andrei Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 983–989, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.90

• electron mean free path l0 in gold nanoparticles. Rough estimates in our earlier work yield l0 ≈ 1.7 nm [1], which reveals the “working” matching relation (mel/nvm) = 1 and not larger. Specifically, accepting this relation and H ≈ 3.1 nm, we get Each “allowed/working” phonon can promote the Fermi electron

• hyperthermia with the help of gold nanoparticles [1]. The case (iv) might seem plausible (albeit similarly “useless”); the consideration against it is that a transversal phonon will likely be “out of resonance” with the energy delivered by a longitudinal phonon, since their dispersion relations are different

• , and the confinement-imposed energy quantization would likely prevent the necessary energy match of their respective nvmΔEvm values. Putting it differently, the major peaks in the densities of modes of transversal and longitudinal phonons in gold (and particularly in gold nanoparticles) are well

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• hybrid structures. Keywords: gold nanoparticles; dielectrophoresis; DNA nanotechnology; DNA origami; self-assembly; Introduction The DNA origami method facilitates high throughput synthesis of identical and fully addressable two- (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) nanoscaled structures [1][2][3]. Such DNA

• electrodes confirming that the trapping only occurs in the presence of an electrical field. We then conjugated 15 nm gold nanoparticles to oligonucleotides with a poly(T) sequence, and further attached them to the ten double-sticky-end locations along the DNA nanostructure through hybridization. Figure 4b

• shows transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of representative functionalized DNA origami structures. The resulting structures contained eight to ten gold nanoparticles at the sticky-end locations along the 6HBs with a yield of 89%. The experiments with voltage and frequency sweeps demonstrate

The role of morphology and coupling of gold nanoparticles in optical breakdown during picosecond pulse exposures

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin and
• J. Carl Kumaradas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 869–880, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.79

• Yevgeniy R. Davletshin J. Carl Kumaradas Department of Physics, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada 10.3762/bjnano.7.79 Abstract This paper presents a theoretical study of the interaction of a 6 ps laser pulse with uncoupled and plasmon-coupled gold nanoparticles. We show how the one

• ; Introduction Over the last decade the interaction of pulsed lasers with gold nanoparticles has been studied in many emerging fields, such as sensing and medical diagnostics and therapy [1][2]. This interest is sparked by the ability to overcome diffraction-limited optics and to control electromagnetic field

• affected by the optical properties of the surrounding environment [3], the morphology of individual nanoparticle as well as the formation of nanoparticle assemblies [4][5]. Nanospheres and nanorods are the two most common shapes of gold nanoparticles. They can be made to assemble through binding to the

Efficient electron-induced removal of oxalate ions and formation of copper nanoparticles from copper(II) oxalate precursor layers

• Kai Rückriem,
• Sarah Grotheer,
• Henning Vieker,
• Paul Penner,
• André Beyer,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Petra Swiderek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 852–861, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.77

• required. As an example, gold nanoparticles generated by electron irradiation of hydrogen tetrachloroaurat (HAuCl4) embedded in PDDA (poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)) tends to ripen during the postpyrolysis and thus form particles with a standard deviation of size of up to 30 percent of the

Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• or temperature , as well as sonochemical preparation routes allow for the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes [9][10]. Additionally, appropriate templates for the growing process can define and control size, shape and assembling of nanostructures [9][11][12]. During

• nanoparticles. For comparison, Figure 3 shows dark field images of onion cell layers after 20 h of incubation with chloroauric acid. The onion samples incubated in chloroauric acid did not show any change of color after drying. In the dark field micrographs, yellow light scattered from small gold nanoparticles

• shows that these gold structures are formed only at a few points without any correlation to the cellular structure of the epithelial tissue. A templating effect due to the cellular matrix of the onion layer as it has been observed for silver does not exist for the formation of gold nanoparticles. Raman

Direct formation of gold nanorods on surfaces using polymer-immobilised gold seeds

• Majid K. Abyaneh,
• Pietro Parisse and
• Loredana Casalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 809–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.72

• “seed solution” containing small gold nanoparticles is added to a “growth solution” in which particles grow by slow diffusion of gold atoms onto the surface of the seeds to form GNRs. The growth solution contains Au(III) ions, a reducing agent and a surfactant. Many efforts also have been made to align

• numerous experiments and efforts to investigate the formation of gold nanoparticles in a polymer matrix and also to produce well-defined geometries of gold nanoparticles by using photoreduction [30][31]. It has been shown that by using different concentrations of gold salt, one can control the shape as

• by UV irradiation suggest that the role of polymer Mw in the formation of nanoparticles cannot be ignored. Hence, we have fabricated Au–PMMA nanocomposites using UV photoreduction for two different selected Mw of PMMA. The formation of gold nanoparticles in PMMA matrices with low and high Mw with 20

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• ., blood–brain barrier, blood–gas barrier and blood–testis barrier). Plain nanoconjugates and nanosized vehicles are widely utilized as drug delivery tools to cross the blood–brain barrier [43]. Moreover, the translocation of gold nanoparticles through the air–blood barrier was found after a treatment with

Gold nanoparticles covalently assembled onto vesicle structures as possible biosensing platform

• M. Fátima Barroso,
• M. Alejandra Luna,
• Juan S. Flores Tabares,
• Cristina Delerue-Matos,
• N. Mariano Correa,
• Fernando Moyano and
• Patricia G. Molina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 655–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.58

• , Argentina REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal 10.3762/bjnano.7.58 Abstract In this contribution a strategy is shown to covalently immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) onto vesicle

• exhibit a spherical shape with a size of 190 ± 10 nm. The developed procedure is easy, rapid and reproducible to start designing a possible immunosensor by using environmentally friendly procedures. Keywords: covalently decorated vesicles; gold nanoparticles; immunosensors design; synthesis

• and condensation of silicon alkoxides into organized inorganic materials (dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide). Thus, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) form stable complexes with hydrophobic drugs and dyes. These drugs and dyes are successfully released into cells [9

Unraveling the neurotoxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: focusing on molecular mechanisms

• Bin Song,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Jia Liu,
• Xiaoli Feng,
• Ting Zhou and
• Longquan Shao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 645–654, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.57

• death. Autophagy has been determined to be a potential mechanism of nanotoxicity [9][66]. However, few studies have described the relationship between neurotoxicity and nanomaterials. It was revealed that gold nanoparticles can increase the levels of autophagy-related proteins in human lung fibroblasts

Fabrication and properties of luminescence polymer composites with erbium/ytterbium oxides and gold nanoparticles

• Julia A. Burunkova,
• Ihor Yu. Denisiuk,
• Dmitri I. Zhuk,
• Lajos Daroczi,
• Attila Csik,
• István Csarnovics and
• Sándor Kokenyesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 630–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.55

• , suitable for direct, light-induced formation of photonic elements. Introduction of preformed gold nanoparticles in such a nanocomposite was also performed and an enhancement of luminescence due to the influence of plasmon effects was detected. Keywords: gold nanoparticles; luminescence; optical materials

• chlorides [9] for the fabrication of Er/Yb oxide nanoparticles with defined parameters and without agglomeration, and the fabrication of optically transparent nanocomposites on their basis in selected polymer matrices with tunable luminescent parameters. Introduction of preformed gold nanoparticles and

• nanocomposites with Er and Yb oxides and gold nanoparticles On the basis of the described synthesis, optically transparent colorless or deep-reddish monomer nanocomposites were obtained (Table 2). After the UV-curing of the monomer layer placed between substrate and cover we obtained colorless (without AuNPs) or

Comparison of the interactions of daunorubicin in a free form and attached to single-walled carbon nanotubes with model lipid membranes

• Dorota Matyszewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 524–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.46

• fields. Such magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with DNR were reported to induce apoptosis of cancer cell lines [11][12]. Other examples of nanoparticles include titanium dioxide (TiO2) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) [13][14]. In the latter case the nanoparticles were also modified with aptamer – single

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• scanning probe microscopy [75][81][91], a crosslinker for the creation of arrays of gold nanoparticles, and to anchor several active tail molecules as complex ligands [79][80], fullerenes [77][78][92], rotaxanes [93], pseudorotaxanes and artificial molecular rotors [94][95][96][97] to the surface. Although

• thermal stability of these SAMs than those derived from monodentate and bidentate adsorbates as revealed by preliminary studies at elevated temperatures using ellipsometry [102]. Later systematic studies of both thiol-functionalized flat gold surfaces and colloidal gold nanoparticles approved that the

Time-dependent growth of crystalline Au⁰-nanoparticles in cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors: 2. Anabaena cylindrica

• Liz M. Rösken,
• Felix Cappel,
• Susanne Körsten,
• Christian B. Fischer,
• Andreas Schönleber,
• Sander van Smaalen,
• Stefan Geimer,
• Christian Beresko,
• Georg Ankerhold and
• Stefan Wehner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 312–327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.30

• (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) are applied to monitor the time-dependent development of gold nanoparticles for up to 40 hours. Some vegetative cells (VC) are filled with nanoparticles within minutes, while the extracellular polymeric

• nanoparticles are found to be located along the thylakoid membranes. Keywords: biosynthesis; gold nanoparticles; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); transmission electron microscopy (TEM); X-ray powder diffraction (XRD); Introduction Precious metallic nanoparticles are of steadily increasing interest

• these advantages still little is known about non-hazardous cyanobacteria as self-reproducing bioreactors for the production of nanoparticles. Brayner et al. showed that gold nanoparticles are enriched around heterocysts for Anabaena flos-aquae strain ALCP B24 from the culture collection of MNHN (Muséum

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• methods such as printing and roll-to-roll techniques, are ideal for the development of flexible devices for energy generation and storage – the key to the portable electronics of the future. Keywords: carbon; carbon nanotubes; current collector; energy; fullerenes; gold nanoparticles; graphene

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) directly on the surface of nanostructured ZnO powders, previously synthesized through a sol–gel process. The effect of thermal annealing temperatures (300 and 550 °C) on chemical, morphological, and structural properties of pristine and Au-doped ZnO nancomposites (Au

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• SERS effect has been demonstrated to be strictly dependent on the gap distance of adjacent nanostructures, commonly termed "hot spots", and many different approaches have been proposed for their production. Early methods rely on the random aggregation of silver or gold nanoparticles induced by a salt