Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• carbonizing the samples in the presence of NaOH 30%. The color is probably due to the partial oxidation of graphene to graphene oxide during the process [35]. The water-soluble part of the residue was extracted by dissolution in 100 mL deionized water, then filtrated through normal filter papers and followed

Tight junction between endothelial cells: the interaction between nanoparticles and blood vessels

• Yue Zhang and
• Wan-Xi Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 675–684, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.60

• mainly in rat livers after a single intravenous administration [34]. Subsequent histopathological changes were also found in liver, spleen and kidney after the intravenous administration with dextran-coated graphene oxide nanoplatelets at a dose of 250 mg/kg and more [35]. Effects of NPs on blood vessels

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• graphene oxide CVD Synthesis on SiC Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of quality, yield production and applications, as summarized in Table 1. In particular, mechanical exfoliation most likely produces the best samples in terms of charge carrier mobility but is probably

• based on the chemical exfoliation of graphite and thermal or chemical reduction of graphene oxide can produce graphene on an industrial scale but unfortunately with structural defects that can affect the electronic and electrical properties [84][85]. These are the main problems that impede the

• thermal reduction of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide (GO) is a semiconducting material originating from graphene research and can be considered a precursor of the graphene synthesis by chemical or thermal reduction [84][85][98][99]. It has recently attracted significant interest because of its potential as

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3–13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.7.2 Abstract Hybrid graphene oxide/silver nanocubes (GO/AgNCs) arrays for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) applications were prepared by

• means of two procedures differing for the method used in the assembly of the silver nanocubes onto the surface: Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) transfer and direct sequential physisorption of silver nanocubes (AgNCs). Adsorption of graphene oxide (GO) flakes on the AgNC assemblies obtained with both procedures

• analysis. Keywords: graphene oxide; quartz crystal microbalance; sensing application; SERS; silver nanocubes; Introduction Organized films composed of metal nanoparticles have been extensively studied in recent years owing to their enormous potential in fields as diverse as photoelectrochemistry [1][2

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• . They reacted AgNO3 and graphene oxide (GO) with TA simultaneously and observed that GO sheets were impregnated with many Ag NPs with diameters up to 20 nm [73]. Kasthuri et al. synthesized anisotropic Au and quasi-spherical Ag NPs using apiin to reduce AgNO3 and HAuCl4 at room temperature within 60 s

• -isoprene moieties help stabilization of NPs [8]. Li et al. produced bimetallic Pd–Ag NPs from AgNO3, K2PdCl4 using graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as reducing agent, support and stabilizer. The synthesis process took place at 84 °C for 3 h for reduction of metallic ions and 200 °C for 24 h for reduction of

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

• Joseba Irigoyen,
• Nikolaos Politakos,
• Eleftheria Diamanti,
• Elena Rojas,
• Marco Marradi,
• Raquel Ledezma,
• Layza Arizmendi,
• J. Alberto Rodríguez,
• Ronald F. Ziolo and
• Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

• , Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna Hermosillo No.140 C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Coahuila, México 10.3762/bjnano.6.237 Abstract A novel and facile method was developed to produce hybrid graphene oxide (GO)–polyelectrolyte (PE) capsules using erythrocyte cells as templates. The

• tendency to form multi-layered agglomerates, which begin to acquire the properties of graphite [9][10][11]. Because of these difficulties, most studies of graphene, whether for layered assembly or other investigations, have been performed on graphite oxide or its exfoliated form, graphene oxide (GO), which

• bears a mix of sp2 and sp3 hybridized carbons in an overall planar structure. These derivatives of graphene can also possess unique and often controllable properties and have the potential to be reduced to what is called a reduced form of graphene oxide, rGO, by chemical or physical means, which can

Nanostructures for sensors, electronics, energy and environment II

• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1937–1938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.197

• of large quantities of high quality carbon nanomaterials in order to use them for industrial scale production of energy generation and storage devices. However, other interesting advances are appearing and are covered in this series. Graphene and graphene oxide exhibit interesting properties that can

Optimized design of a nanostructured SPCE-based multipurpose biosensing platform formed by ferrocene-tethered electrochemically-deposited cauliflower-shaped gold nanoparticles

• Wicem Argoubi,
• Maroua Saadaoui,
• Sami Ben Aoun and
• Noureddine Raouafi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1840–1852, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.187

• . prepared a nanocomposite consisting of reduced graphene oxide hybridized with electrochemically co-reduced gold nanoparticles and ferrocene as a sensitive immunosensor of breast cancer biomarkers [14]. Very recently, Mars et al. showed that the aggregation of gold nanoparticles through a ferrocene-based

• through a ethylenediamine spacer was prepared by Fan et al. and used as an efficient electron transfer (ET) shuttle to build a sensor for H2O2 [16]. Also, a nanocomposite formed with ferrocene-branched silica material reduced graphene oxide and glucose oxidase entrapped in chitosan matrix and was used for

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• , whereas functionalized sites are more active when exposed to the electron beam. Sloan et al. for the first time reported the dynamical movement of discrete C2ν [γ-SiW10O36]8− lacunary Keggin ions (a type of POM) at atomic resolution on a monolayer graphene oxide support [111]. A sequence of images

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Electrical response of liquid crystal cells doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes

• Amanda García-García,
• Ricardo Vergaz,
• José F. Algorri,
• Xabier Quintana and
• José M. Otón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 396–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.39

• ; Introduction Carbon-based nanostructured materials and their relationship with liquid crystals (LC) is a hot topic in current research. It is worth mentioning the recently described connection between graphene oxide and liquid crystals [1][2], as well as the highly active topic of LC structures doped with

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• exfoliate graphite by wet chemistry techniques, it is necessary to decrease the π–π staking interactions between the graphene layers. In achieving this, the sp2 lattice is partially disrupted into layers containing sp2–sp3 carbon atoms. The most drastic example is probably graphene oxide (GO), where the

Carbon-based smart nanomaterials in biomedicine and neuroengineering

• Antonina M. Monaco and
• Michele Giugliano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1849–1863, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.196

• single-layer graphene [30], and its large surface area [31], make graphene and graphene oxide (GO) one of the most promising materials for technological and biomedical applications. Carbon-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications The peculiar ability of several nanomaterials to functionally

• treatments, but also in a high degree of purity of the recovered proteins, which can be further analysed by mass spectrometry [86]. Graphene: Graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) have been investigated as new biocompatible material by virtue of their unique properties, making them

Donor–acceptor graphene-based hybrid materials facilitating photo-induced electron-transfer reactions

• Anastasios Stergiou,
• Georgia Pagona and
• Nikos Tagmatarchis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1580–1589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.170

• oxidized under harsh conditions to yield exfoliated graphene oxide sheets that are soluble in aqueous media and amenable to chemical modifications due to the presence of carboxylic acid groups at the edges of the lattice. However, it was obvious that the high-defect framework of graphene oxide cannot be

• applications. There are two main routes to overcome this hurdle. Namely, this can be accomplished by starting with water-soluble graphene oxide (GO), which can be reduced to the so-called reduced graphene oxide (rGO), followed by post-modification to acquire functionalized graphene [11]. However, the reduction

• on graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide The unique and notable features of porphyrins and phthalocyanines as light-harvesting antennas with high extinction coefficients and remarkable redox properties make them promising electron donors to be associated with graphene. The very first approach of

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by combining water soluble graphene with cobalt salts

• Jing Wang,
• Ke Feng,
• Hui-Hui Zhang,
• Bin Chen,
• Zhi-Jun Li,
• Qing-Yuan Meng,
• Li-Ping Zhang,
• Chen-Ho Tung and
• Li-Zhu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1167–1174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.128

• ][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Specifically, graphene has been involved in photocatalytic hydrogen production systems [34], such as TiO2-(N)RGO-Pt [35][36][37][38], g-C3N4-RGO-Pt [39], CdS-RGO-Pt [40][41][42][43], MoS2-NRGO [44][45], EY-RGO-Pt [46] and BiVO4-RGO-Ru/SrTiO3:Rh [47] (RGO: reduced graphene

• oxide; EY: eosin Y). Graphene enhances the catalytic efficiency of hydrogen evolution remarkably. By using transient photovoltage and photocurrent techniques [48][49][50], the function of graphene was examined. More recently, our group has demonstrated the efficient forward electron-transfer mediated by

Highly NO₂ sensitive caesium doped graphene oxide conductometric sensors

• Carlo Piloto,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Mahnaz Shafiei,
• Elena Taran,
• Dilini Galpaya,
• Cheng Yan and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1073–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.120

• Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Australian National Fabrication Facility - QLD Node, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.5.120 Abstract Here we report on the synthesis of caesium doped graphene oxide (GO-Cs) and its application to the development of a novel NO2 gas sensor. The GO

• ; graphene oxide; highly sensitive; nitrogen dioxide; Introduction Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice [1][2]. Intrinsic low noise structure, large specific surface area and extraordinary mobility of carriers are the unique properties that make graphene-based materials

• energy, i.e., the gas molecules can absorb more strongly on the doped or defective graphene than the pristine graphene resulting in an enhancement of the sensitivity or selectivity. Recently, graphene oxide (GO), a graphene layer decorated with oxygen functional groups, has been subject to extensive

Photocatalysis

• Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1071–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.119

• and morphological tuning, in particular for hybrid materials systems such as Ag–ZnO, VTi/MCM-41, are important toward achieving higher solar energy conversion efficiencies. In a couple of reports, materials alternative to conventional metal oxides, for example, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum

Nanodiamond-DGEA peptide conjugates for enhanced delivery of doxorubicin to prostate cancer

• Amanee D Salaam,
• Patrick Hwang,
• Roberus McIntosh,
• Hadiyah N Green,
• Ho-Wook Jun and
• Derrick Dean

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 937–945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.107

• al. proved that graphene oxide functionalized with an αVβ3 integrin mono-antibody selectively transports DOX into the targeted cancer cells, where then DOX is released into the cytoplasm and moved into the nucleus leading to a high therapeutic efficiency [40]. Even though the ND-DGEA+DOX system had

Enhancement of photocatalytic H₂ evolution of eosin Y-sensitized reduced graphene oxide through a simple photoreaction

• Weiying Zhang,
• Yuexiang Li,
• Shaoqin Peng and
• Xiang Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 801–811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.92

• Weiying Zhang Yuexiang Li Shaoqin Peng Xiang Cai Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China 10.3762/bjnano.5.92 Abstract A graphene oxide (GO) solution was irradiated by a Xenon lamp to form reduced graphene oxide (RGO). After irradiation, the epoxy, the carbonyl and the

• ; graphene oxide; H2 evolution; photocatalysis; photoreduction; sp2 conjugated domains; Introduction Hydrogen is an efficient and green energy carrier. Photocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen by means of solar energy and semiconductor photocatalysts is a environmentally friendly way to produce storable

• composites, a nanographene shell on a TiO2 core and TiO2 nanoparticles on a graphene sheet, exhibit a higher photocatalytic H2 evolution than TiO2 under UV irradiation. This can be attributed to an efficient electron transfer from TiO2 to graphene [9][10]. Interestingly, single reduced graphene oxide itself

Nanostructure sensitization of transition metal oxides for visible-light photocatalysis

• Hongjun Chen and
• Lianzhou Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 696–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.82

• ) forming an electron–hole puddle in a g-C3N4-supported graphene monolayer [100]. Song and co-workers observed an enhancement of the photoconversion efficiency up to 15 times for a TiO2 nanotube composite electrode decorated by graphene oxide (GO) in comparison with pristine TiO2 nanotube arrays under

• identical measurement conditions [101]. The reduced graphene oxide (RGO) can act as a photosensitizer similar to organic dyes in the ZnS–RGO nanocomposites, which subsequently leads to efficient visible-light driven photoactivity for both the aerobic selective oxidation of alcohols and the epoxidation of

A visible-light-driven composite photocatalyst of TiO₂ nanotube arrays and graphene quantum dots

• Donald K. L. Chan,
• Po Ling Cheung and
• Jimmy C. Yu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 689–695, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.81

• for 1 h with a temperature increasing rate of 1 °C·min−1 in air was applied to improve crystallization. Synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs): GQDs were synthesized from graphene oxide (GO) by heating with a solution of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia [44]. 20 mg of GO was dispersed into 5 mL of

DNA origami deposition on native and passivated molybdenum disulfide substrates

• Xiaoning Zhang,
• Masudur Rahman,
• David Neff and
• Michael L. Norton

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 501–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.58

• the graphene flakes [11]. In contrast, several materials have been found that enable the deposition of DNA origami structures while maintaining their structural integrity. These materials include mica [12], silicon dioxide [13], gold [14], and graphene oxide [2]. The ideal substrate surface must be

Core level binding energies of functionalized and defective graphene

• Toma Susi,
• Markus Kaukonen,
• Paula Havu,
• Mathias P. Ljungberg,
• Paola Ayala and
• Esko I. Kauppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 121–132, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.12

• to sp3. This can lead to a band gap opening [3] and other interesting features [5]. To study such functional groups, along with intrinsic defects, is also vital for the spectroscopic analysis of reduced graphene oxide [6][7], which in turn is a promising avenue to the mass production of graphene

Simulation of bonding effects in HRTEM images of light element materials

• Simon Kurasch,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Daniela Künzel,
• Axel Groß and
• Ute Kaiser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 394–404, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.45

• opposite conclusions, because the polarization of the carbons in the DFT calculation prevents the detection of the oxygen atom in the carbon network, whereas this should be possible according to the IAM result. This may be the reason why we did not detect residual oxygen atoms in reduced graphene oxide [26